线控技术在汽车上的运用外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录附录A1Wirecontroltechnologyincaruse1.LineControlMove(Volkswagenwire)ByLinecontrolservosystempoweredbyrealizeelectronicdevice,controldevice,gearing,brakefourparts.ECU(electroniccontrolunits)forbrakesystemforoverallcontrolbynewelectronicbrake,eachbrakeshavetheirowncontrolunit.Mechanicalconnectionreducegradually,thebrakepedalandbrakethepowertransferbetweenseparated,tobereplacedbywire,wiretransferenergy,cablerelaysignals.LinecontrolmoveincarssinceABSsincewidelyusedonthebrakingsystemofonceagainskip-typedevelopment.Currentlinecontrolservosystemisdividedintotwotypes:oneistheelectro-hydraulicbrakingsystemhydraulicEHB(Electronic-Volkswagen),anotherkindisElectronicMechanicalbrakingsystemMechanicalEMB(Electronic-Volkswagen).Electrichydraulicbrakesystemofelectronicandhydraulicsystemistocombineelectroniccontrolsystem,byhydraulicsystemprovidemotivation;Electronicandmechanicalbrakingsystemwillreplacetraditionalbrakesystemwithwiretheairorbrakefluidforcetransmissionmedium,suchaselectricbrakestoreplacetraditionalbrake,electronicandmechanicalbrakingsystemisthedevelopmentdirectionoffuturebrakingsystem.LinecontrolservosystemisthecommonfeaturesisAnglewiththepedalforcecanstepbystep;theproportionofelectroniccontrolHascontrolofbrakingtorqueandpedalAnglecorrespondingprogramcontrolunit;Programcontrolunitcanbebasedonothersensorsorcontrollerinputsignalactivebrakingandotherfunctionrealization.2.WireControlSteeringSystemWirecontrolSteeringSystemreferredBySteeringSBW(ByWireSystem),ithasthefunctionofthenetworkconnectionfault-tolerantcontrolunit,actuatorsandsensorsandredundancyofelectroniccontrolunits,canceltheSteeringdishandSteeringwheelmechanicalconnectionbetweenentirelyByelectricity,realizeSteering,fromthetraditionalSteeringSystemofvariousrestrictions.Notonlycanfreedesignofsteeringforcetransfercharacteristics,butalsocandesignthehornsofthevehiclesteeringtransmissioncharacteristics,thedesignofsteeringcharacteristicstobringinfinitespace.Thedriverturnedtothediskoperating,turningtodishsensortestdriver'ssteeringdata(yawanglessensors,camera,etc),toturnauxiliarysystemdetectiondata,providingenvironmentalECUtodataandenvironmentaltestingdatathroughthenetworkbusreal-timetransmissiontotheelectroniccontrolunitECU,ECUtodataandinaccordancewiththedriverdetectiondata,environmentcontrollingsteeringactuatorsactionachieveturningandwillwheelcorner,torqueandroadsuchasfeelingoffeedbacktodrivers,toensurethatthesteeringsystemreliablesafetyandsystemhassetupredundancyelectroniccontrolunits,inemergencysituations,thesystemwillignoreerrormessages,makethevehiclesafetyrunningsmoothly.3.LineOil-controlDoorLineoil-controldoor,alsocalledelectronicthrottle,namelyengineacceleratoristhroughelectroniccontrol.Thetraditionalthrottlecontrolmodeistheacceleratorpedal,driversthroughbythrottleleversofdirectcontrolengineacceleratoropendegree,thusdecidedtospeedsuporslowsdown,thedriveractionandthrottleactionisthroughbarsbetweentheroleofthemechanicalconnection.Andwithelectronicconnectionlineoil-controldoorinsteadofmechanicalconnection,thepilotsontheacceleratorpedalcontrolbystillpullrod,rodisnotstraight,butonereceivedthrottleattachedtoanacceleratorpedalpositionsensor,thepositionofrodsensorthatwillchangeintoelectricalsignalstransmittedtotheelectroniccontrolunit,automotiveelectroniccontrolunitwilltocollectrelevantsensorsignalprocessedsendscommandstothrottleactuatorscontrolmodule,throttleactuatorscontrolmoduletosendsignalstothethrottleactuators,thuscontrolthrottleopening-closingdegree.Thatisthedriverwiththrottleactionofactionbetweentheelectricalsignalsbyelectroniccomponentsisconnected.Linethantraditionalthrottlecontroloildoorwayaccordingtoprecise,enginerunningofthevariousautofinelytunedintothecylinderofinformation,thefuelairmixture,improveenginecombustionstatus,whichgreatlyimprovetheperformanceandfueleconomyofcar.ToyotamodelsadoptedinLexusallelectronicthreadoil-controldoorsystems,have2acceleratorpedalpositionsensor,allsenddatatotheenginecontrolunitECM,ifoneoftheacceleratorpedalpositionsensornosignal,carcanstilldriving,andenginewarninglight;Iftwoacceleratorpedalpositionsensorarenosignal,theengineworkinginidlestate.Lineofoildoorsystemaccordingtothedriverintentionofaction,analysisthedriver,accuratecontrolofthethrottleandincreasethedrivingstabilityanddynamiceconomy.InthenewgenerationofaccordsedanV6engine2.4Land3.0Lhadadoptedlineonnewtechnologyofoildoor.Throughthesensortomonitortheacceleratorpedalpositionofpowercontrol,ECU.Itsadvantageisimprovedstartedsmooth,improvedfuelefficiencyengineresponse,defectisaslightlag.Inadditionthewirecontroltechnologybringsanotheradvantageisthatfixedspeedcruisefunction,itscontrolkeyisintegratedinonsteeringwheel,simpleoperationisconvenient.HondamotorcompanyCivicseriestotheeighthandevolutionof2005.Thevehicleadopted1fourcylinderengine,1.8Lnewlydeveloped1.8cixinLi-VTECcontrolvariablevalvetiming(intelligentandlift)inline4cylinderenginecanburst103kWformaximumpowerpeaktorquecanreachmorethan174Nm,almostallthenaturalinlettypewithdisplacementofdomesticmodels.ThisengineappliedtheHonda'slatestI-VTECtechnology,matchwithusewirethethrottlecontroltechnology,canveryeffectivelyimprovefueleconomy,reducingharmfulemissions.Andintakeefficiencyandcompressionratioarefurtherimproved,andmadestrongoutputpower.MakingyuanECM,ifoneoftheacceleratorpedalpositionsensornosignal,carcanstilldriving,andenginewarninglight;Iftwoacceleratorpedalpositionsensorarenosignal,theengineworkinginidlestate.Lineofoildoorsystemaccordingtothedriverintentionofaction,analysisthedriver,accuratecontrolofthethrottleandincreasethedrivingstabilityanddynamiceconomy.Example:wirecontroltechnologyinfuel-cellcarcandriveapplications-generalHYHYwirecontrolcarchangetraditionalmechanicaltransmissionmodeofconnectingrod,usingelectronicsignalstomanipulatethrottle,brakingandsteeringmechanism.Canceledthetraditionalsteeringdish,throttle,brakepedalalloperationsareconcentratedinahandleswithonehand,thepilotcanfinishalloftheoperation.Whenpilotstospeedsuporslowsdown,canpromotethehandletotherightortotheleft;Brakingbuttonsalsoinstalledinthehandle,brakingclickbrakingbutton;Whencornering,driverssimplyupordownpushlever.Electronicwirecontroldeviceconstituteasetofconvenientoperationcontrolunitthatasetofcontrolunitiscalled"X-drive".Itreplacedthetraditionalsteeringplateetc,withjustonehandmakedriverscanbecompletedinallhasteandslow(brake),turnoperation.Traditionalcaristhroughasetofmechanicaldevice,likesteeringbaretc,therotationthroughmanipulationsteeringdishtowheelrotation.Wirecontroltechnologyisthedrivertoturnintoanelectronicpulseinstructions,thesensorcapturesanelectronicpulse,theelectronicpulsesignalisdrivenbytheelectroniccontrolmotortomakewheelbogierotation.Linecontrolsystemistransformedintotheinstructionsdriverwiththeelectricalsignals,electricalsignalstodrivemotor.Becausethesoftwaredeterminestheautomobiledrivingcharacteristics,suchasaccelerated,deceleration(brake),turn,etc.,allworkjustreproduced,implementthecorrespondingsoftwareprograms.附录A2线控技术在汽车上的运用1.线控制动（brakeby-wire）线控制动系统由实现电子化的供能装置、控制装置、传动装置、制动器4个部分组成。ECU（电控单元）对制动系统进行整体控制，采用全新的电子制动器，每个制动器有各自的控制单元。机械连接逐渐减少，制动踏板和制动器之间的动力传递分离开，取而代之的是电线连接，电线传递能量，数据线传递信号。线控制动是自ABS在汽车上得到广泛应用以来制动系统的又一次飞跃式发展。目前线控制动系统分为2种类型：一种是电液制动系统EHB（Electronic-hydraulicBrake），另一种是电子机械制动系统EMB（Electronic-MechanicalBrake）。电液制动系统是将电子与液压系统相结合，由电子系统控制，液压系统提供动力；电子机械制动系统则用电线取代传统制动系统中的空气或制动液等传力介质，电制动器取代传统制动器，电子机械制动系统是未来制动系统的发展方向。线控制动系统的共同特点是都具有踏板转角与踏板力可按比例调控的电子踏板；具有控制制动力矩与踏板转角相对应的程序控制单元；程序控制单元可基于其他传感器或控制器的输入信号实现主动制动及其它功能。2.线控转向系统线控转向系统简称SBW（SteeringByWireSystem），它由具有容错功能的网络相连接的控制单元、执行器、传感器和冗余电控单元组成，取消了转向盘与转向轮之间的机械连接，完全由电实现转向，摆脱了传统转向系统的各种限制。不但可以自由设计汽车转向的力传递特性，而且可以设计汽车转向的角传递特性，给汽车转向特性的设计带来无限的空间。驾驶员操作转向盘时，转向盘传感器检测驾驶员的转向数据（横摆角传感器、摄像机等），向转向辅助系统ECU提供环境检测数据，转向数据和环境检测数据通过网络总线实时传送给电子控制单元ECU，ECU按照驾驶员的转向数据和环境检测数据，控制转向执行器动作实现转向，并将车轮的转角、转矩和路感等反馈给驾驶员，为确保转向系统安全可靠，系统设置了冗余电控单元，在紧急情况下，系统会忽略错误信息，使车辆安全平稳地运行。3.线控油门线控油门，也称为电控油门，即发动机的油门是通过电子控制的。传统的油门控制方式是驾驶员通过踩油门踏板，由油门拉杆直接控制发动机油门的开合程度，从而决定加速或减速，驾驶员的动作与油门动作之间是通过拉杆的机械作用连接的。而线控油门用电子连接代替机械连接，驾驶员仍然通过踩油门踏板控制拉杆，拉杆不是直接连接到油门，而是连着一个油门踏板位置传感器，传感器将拉杆的位置变化转变为电信号传送至汽车的电子控制单元，电子控制单元将采集到的相关传感器信号经过处理后发送指令至油门执行器控制模块，油门执行器控制模块再发送信号给油门执行器，从而控制油门的开合程度。也就是说驾驶员的动作与油门的动作之间是通过电子元件的电信号连接的。线控油门比传统油门控制方式精确，发动机能够根据汽车的各种行驶信息，精确调节进入气缸的燃油空气混合气，改善发动机的燃烧状况，从而大大提高了汽车的动力性和经济性。丰田公司在Lexus车型上采用了全电子的线控油门系统，系统有2个加速踏板位置传感器，都发送数据给发动机控制单元ECM，如果其中一个加速踏板位置传感器没有信号