世界经济论坛-劳动力高温韧性：弥合执行缺口的实操框架+Workforce+Heat+Resilience

Incollaborationwith

BostonConsultingGroup

WorkforceHeatResilience:

AnActionableFrameworkto

ClosetheExecutionGap

INSIGHTREPORT

SEPTEMBER2026

Images:GettyImages

Contents

Foreword3

Executivesummary4

1Thebusinessimperativeforaction5

2Closingtheexecutiongap:aframeworkforresilience8

3Howbigandwhereismycompany’sproblemwithextremeheat?11

Step1:Initialassessment12

Step2:Deepdivediagnostic17

Step3:Businesscasedevelopment19

4Whichsolutionsshouldmycompanyimplement?21

Step4:Solutionidentification22

Step5:Context-specificsolutiondesign26

5Howshouldmycompanyapproachexecution?29

Step6:Pilotsandrefinements30

Step7:Scalingupandbusinessintegration32

Conclusion35

Appendix36

Workforceheatresiliencesurvey:methodology36

Estimatingheat-drivenwork-timeloss:methodology36

Contributors37

Acknowledgements37

Endnotes39

Disclaimer

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WorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.

Thefindings,interpretationsand

conclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedand

endorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarily

representtheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,

Partnersorotherstakeholders.

©2026WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformation

storageandretrievalsystem.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap2

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap3

September2026

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap

Foreword

SebastianBuckup

ManagingDirector,

WorldEconomicForum

Thehealthoftheworkforceisfundamentaltothehealthoftheeconomy.Asextremeheatbecomesanincreasinglypersistentfeatureoftheglobal

climate,risingtemperaturesareplacinggreaterstrainonthepeoplewhogrowourfood,build

ourinfrastructure,manufactureproductsand

deliveressentialgoodsandservices.When

heatcompromisesthehealthoftheworkforce,italsocompromisestheproductivitythatreliesonworkerhealth.

Formanyyears,extremeheathasbeentreated

asanoccupationalhealthandsafetyissue,limitedtocertainregionsandseasons.Thatframingnolongerholds.Asheatexposureintensifiesacrossgeographiesandindustries,heathasbecomea

businessriskasmuchasahumanone,shapingproductivity,operationalcontinuityandlong-termresilience.Thecostsarealreadyvisible:inJune2026,asingleweekofextremeheatcostthe

UKanestimated24millionworkinghoursand£1.15billioninlostoutput.1

ElizabethMillmanHardin

ManagingDirector&Partner,BostonConsultingGroup

Yet,despitegrowingawareness,actionremains

limited.Manyorganizationsunderstandthat

extremeheatposesmaterialriskstotheirworkforceandoperations.Translatingthatawarenessinto

actionisharderandrepresentsanexecutiongap.

Thisreport,developedincollaborationwith

BostonConsultingGroup,supportsbusinessesinclosingtheexecutiongap.Itprovidesapracticalframeworktohelpleadersassesswhereextremeheatrisksaregreatestacrossvaluechains,

whichinterventionswilldelivervalueandhow

toembedresilienceintodailyoperations.Itis

complementedbya

WorkforceHeatResilience

SolutionsRepository

thatallowsbusinessestofilterinterventionssuitedtotheircontext.

Protectingworkersfromextremeheatisnotonlyariskmitigationcostinawarmingeconomy,it

isaconditionforlong-termbusinesssuccess.

Organizationsthatbuildworkforceheatresilienceintohowtheyoperatewillbetheonesthatkeepperforming,andkeeptheirpeoplesafe,inthe

yearsahead.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap4

Executivesummary

Workforceheatriskisalreadyaffectingworkerhealthanderodingvaluefor

companies,yetfewhavestartedtoactandgenerategains.

Extremeheatiswidelyrecognisedasamajor

andgrowingrisktohumanhealthandeconomicstability.2Today,over2.4billionworkersare

exposedtoexcessiveheat,resultinginatleast

22millioninjuriesand18,000deathsannually.

Withoutsignificantactiontoaddressworkforceheatrisk,risingtemperaturescouldleadtoproductivitylossesof$2.4trillionby2030.3

Risksarisingfromextremeheataremost

materialforsectorscharacterizedbyoutdoorandpoorlyventilatedindoorenvironments.Infoodandagriculture,companiesreport

double-digitproductivitydeclinesduringhigh-heatperiods.4AlogisticscompanyinChinaobservedmorethana20%increaseinfooddelivery

delaysduringheatwavesduetohigherorder

volumes,locationvariabilityandutilizationof

individualcouriers.5Similarpressuresaffect

manufacturing,construction,miningandany

operationinvolvingsustainedphysicalexertionorlimitedclimatecontrol.

Theseimpactscascadeacrossvaluechains.

Upstream,theyincreasevolatilityinsupplyquality,costandtimeliness,whiledownstream,theyshiftdemandpatternsandcreatepressureforproductandserviceperformance.

Heatriskisnotconfinedtotheworkplaceorselectgeographies.Eveninpredominantlyoffice-based

industries,workersinregionssuchasEuropefacesustainedheatexposureduringcommutesand

athomethatdisruptssleep,impedesrecovery

andcompoundsphysicalstrain.Builtenvironmentstudiesshowthatconstructionworkersoftenarriveatsitesdehydrated,reducinglabourcapacitybeforetheworkdaybegins.6

Despitegrowingawarenessoftheseissues,actionislagging.Acrossallmajorgeographiesand

sectors,around50%ofcompanieshavenotyetbegunasystematicassessmentofhowextremeheataffectsbothworkforcesengagedindirectoperationsandthoseacrosstheirvaluechains,whileonlyabout28%havepilotedorscaledupanyinterventions.7

Thevalueofaproactiveapproach

Initiativessuchaswork-restcycles,shade

andhydrationreduceheat-inducedillnessand

absenteeismwhilestabilizingproductivity.8InLatinAmerica,onefoodandagriculturecompany’sheatstressmanagementprogrammegenerated60%returnoninvestment.9Fororganizationstaking

action,non-financialgains–includingstrongertalentretentionandpipelines,reducedlegal

exposureandimprovedreputation–amplifythebusinesscase.

Aproactiveapproachallowscompaniestorunlow-costpilotsandscaleupwithconfidence.

Earlymoverslockinproductivitygainsandavoidcompoundinglossesfromrepeatedexposure,

whilegettingaheadofregulationsemergingacrossmarkets.Meanwhile,providersofheatresilience

solutions,fromparametricinsurancetoAI-enabledwarningsystems,benefitfromnewmarketsandgrowingdemand.

Anactionableframeworkforleaders

Toeffectivelyaddressworkforceheatrisk,leadersmustanswerthreecriticalquestions:

1.Howbigandwhereismycompany’sproblemwithextremeheat?

2.Whichsolutionsshouldmycompanyimplement?

3.Howshouldmycompanyapproachexecution?Giventheimpactonindividualworkersandthe

risingcostofinaction,protectingworkforcesfrom

extremeheatisbothariskmanagementand

strategicbusinessimperative.Companiesthatclosetheexecutiongapprotecttheirpeople–theirmostvaluableasset–andpositionthemselvesforlong-termsuccessinawarmingworld.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap5

1

Thebusiness

imperativeforaction

Tacklingtheimpactofheatonworkforcesimprovesworkerwell-being,while

strengtheningnear-termbusiness

performanceandlong-termresilience.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap6

Extremeheat

contributestoat

least22million

injuriesand18,000fatalitieseachyear.

Extremeheathasbecomeastructuraloperatingconditionforworkersandbusinessesworldwide.Thepast11years(2015-2025)werethehottestonrecord,with2023-2025atthetopofthis

list.10BetweenMay2024andMay2025,nearlyhalftheglobalpopulationexperiencedatleast30additionaldaysthatwerehotterthan90%ofhistorical,localtemperaturesfrom1991-2020.11

Thesignificanceofthesetrendsextends

beyondrisingtemperatures.AshighlightedintheForum’s2025report,

BuildingEconomicResilience

totheHealthImpactsofClimateChange

,12

extremeheatisemergingasacriticalfactorattheintersectionofclimaterisk,workforcehealthandeconomicperformance.Eachyear,over

2.4billionworkersfaceexcessiveheatexposure,contributingtoatleast22millioninjuriesand

18,000fatalities,accordingtotheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO).13Withoutsignificantmitigation,heatstressisprojectedbytheILO

toreduceglobalGDPby$2.4trillionin2030.14Forbusinesses,theseeffectsareincreasingly

visiblethroughreducedworkforceeffectiveness,operationalinstabilityandmountingstrainacrossvaluechains.

Despiteitsgrowingimportance,extremeheat

lacksaharmonizedglobalprotocolformanagingrisksbasedonlocalandworkercontexts.Reviewsofbiometeorologicalindicesrevealthatmost

countriesemphasisemaximumtemperature

intheirdefinitions,butplacelessattentionon

otherfactorsthatcanconstitutelife-threatening

conditions.Additionally,northernlatitudestendtouselowerthresholdstotriggeractioncomparedtosoutherncounterparts.15

Thisreportdefinesextremeheatasawet-bulb

globetemperature(WBGT)atorabove25°C,thepointatwhichworkcapacitybeginstodeclineforphysicallydemandinglabour(seeBox1).

Whatisextremeheat?

BOX1

ThisreportappliestheWBGTthresholdasits

definitionofextremeheat,althoughpersonalandphysiologicalvariablescanshiftthepointatwhichanyindividualexperiencesheatstress.Asthis

thresholdisroutinelycrossedinmanyregions

forextendedperiods,recommendedmeasuresareintendedtohelpcompaniesmanageexistingworkforceheatimpacts,notonlyfuturerisk.

Note:*Illustrativevalues,calculatedwithstandardWBGTformulas.

Establishedoccupationalheatstandardsplacetheonsetofdecliningworkcapacity

forphysicallydemandinglabouratawet-bulbglobetemperature(WBGT)ofaround25°C.16Thismetricconsidersambienttemperature,humidity,solarradiationandwindlevels.

Widelyvaryingconditionscanproducethe

sameWBGT:forexample,adry36°C(97°F)

dayintheshadeorafarmilder26°C(79°F)dayinhumid,sunnyconditions.*

Thehealthburdenofextremeheatonworkers

includesacutemedicalevents(e.g.heatstroke,

acutekidneyinjury),accelerationofchronicillness(e.g.chronickidneydisease,cardiovascular

disease,mentalhealthissues)andimpaired

cognitiveandphysicalperformance.Sincemanyoftheseeffectsdevelopgraduallyandreducework

capacitylongbeforetheymanifestasrecordable

incidents,extremeheatimpactsareoften

underestimated.Theseimpactsarenotconfinedtoacompany’sdirectworkforce.Theysurfaceacrosstheentirevaluechain,fromworkerswhoprovide

keyoperatinginputstocustomersofresiliencesolutions(seeBox2).

Workforcegroupsaffectedbyextremeheat

Upstreamworkforces

Directworkforces

Downstreamworkforces

Corporatecustomersseekingheat-resilientsolutionsfortheirworkforcesandindividuals

lookingforproductsandservicestoprotecttheirownhealth

Companyemployees,includingfrontlinestaff(e.g.factoryor

fieldworkers)andcorporateofficestaff

Workforcesofvaluechain

partners,includingsuppliers,contractmanufacturersandlogisticscompanies

BOX2

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap7

Heatstressonupstreamworkforcescandrive

volatilityinsupplyquality,costanddelivery

reliability,withdisruptionsthataredifficulttopredictandabsorb.Fordirectworkforces,thecostsare

alreadymeasurable,forexample:

–A12%productivitydeclineduringhigh-heatperiodsatonefoodandagriculturecompany.

–A30%reductioninworkloadduringsummermonthsataminingcompany.

–Increasedturnoverandinterimhiringcostsinmanufacturingacrossheat-exposedregions.17

Indownstreamworkforces,agrowingneedfor

productsandservicesthatfunctioninextreme

heat,whilesupportinghealth,isreshapingdemandpatterns:75%ofdownstream-focusedcompaniesreportdemandshiftsand63%faceheightened

performanceexpectationsfromcustomersseekingheat-resilientsolutions.

Companiestakingactionarealreadyseeingmeasurablereturns:18

–AlogisticscompanyintheMiddleEastreducedworkplaceincidentsby50%afterintroducinghydrationbreaks.

–ASouthAsianmanufacturermeasureda40%decreaseinsickleaveafterinstallingheat-

reflectiveglass.

–Amanufacturerwithglobaloperationsbroughtdownabsenteeismby25%overfouryears

throughroofadaptationandtreeplanting.

Together,theseexampleshighlighthowbasicinterventions,consistentlyapplied,generate

meaningfulimprovementsinworkerwell-beinganddrivemetricsthatmattertooperationsandfinanceteams.

Weaskourselves:Howarewetaking

careofthemostimportantassetinour

constructionbusiness–ourpeople?A

cornerstoneofoursafetyandcommunitycultureisourcommitmenttosupportingourpeople,sotheycanbringtheirverybest,everysingleday.

JuliaGisewite,ChiefSustainabilityOfficer,Turner

Thecaseforaction,however,isnotdrivensolely

bybusinessperformance.Regulatoryrequirementsareenforcedinmanyjurisdictions,includingChina,CostaRica,GulfCooperationCouncilstates,

JapanandSpain.Elsewhere,momentumis

building,withnewlegislationintheUS,supportforbindingstandardsinEuropeandcallsfor

strongerprotectionsfrominternationallabourbodies.Companiesmovingaheadofthese

requirementsreducecomplianceriskandgaininfluenceinstandard-setting.

Beyondregulation,earlymoversreport

strongertalentretentioninheat-exposedroles,improvedsupplierrelationshipsbuiltonsharedcommitmentsandagrowingcommercial

advantageascustomersandpartnersincreasinglyfactorheatresilienceintoprocurementandinvestmentdecisions.

Thecostsofinactionandthebenefitsof

increasingresiliencearematerialtodayand

willonlyincreaseinthefuture.Eachseasonofunaddressedexposureaddstothecumulativehealthburdenonworkers,operationallossesabsorbedbybusinessesandthegapbetweenearlymoversandlateradopters.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap8

2

Closingtheexecutiongap:aframework

forresilience

Fewerthanoneinthreecompanieshaveworkforceheatresilienceinitiativestoday;theWorkforceHeatResilienceRoadmapcanhelpthemaccelerateaction.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap9

Fewerthan

1in3companieshaveworkforceheatresilience

initiativestoday.

Despitegrowingrecognitionofworkforceheatrisks,manyleadersstruggletoanswerthreequestions

neededtomovefromawarenesstoaction:

1.Howbigandwhereismycompany’sproblemwithextremeheat?

2.Whichsolutionsshouldmycompanyimplement?

3.Howshouldmycompanyapproachexecution?

Inasurveycommissionedspeciallyforthisreport,responsesfrom40seniorleadersfromallmajorglobalregions,representingthetopcompanies

byrevenueacross10sectors,showover80%

agreeingthatextremeheatisanurgentandmajorriskfortheirworkforcegroups(seeFigure1andAppendixformethodology).

Perceptionsofextremeheaturgencyacrossallsectorsandworkforcegroups

FIGURE1

Stronglydisagree

Disagree

Neutral

AgreeStronglyagree

82%

agree

Source:BCGworkforceheatresiliencesurvey,2026.

2

FIGURE

Yetonlyoneintwocompaniesareactivelyinvestigatingtheirworkforceheatrisksandfewerthanoneinthreeareimplementingandscalingupinterventions(seeFigure2).

Companymaturityinworkforceheatresilienceacrossallsectorsandworkforcegroups

1

Problem2

Solution3

50%Execution

39%28%

Executionremainstheweakeststage,withjust28%of

organizationsimplementing

solutionsdespitebroadawarenessofheatrisks

Progressstallsatsolutiondesign:only39%oforganizationsadvancetoplanning,indicatingbarriersto

translatingawarenessintoaction

~50%oforganizationshavenotbegunasystematicassessmentoftheirworkforceheatrisks

Source:BCGworkforceheatresiliencesurvey,2026.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap10

~75%

ofsurveyedbusinessleadersreportdifficultytranslatingworkforceheatriskintofinancialterms.

FIGURE3

Threeinterconnectedchallengeswidentheexecutiongap:

1.Quantificationdifficulty:Approximately75%ofrespondentsreportdifficultytranslating

workforceheatriskintofinancialterms,

reflectinggenuinecomplexityinattributing

performancelossestoheatvs.otherfactors.

2.Technicaland/orfinancialconstraints:

Around35%ofrespondentscitelimited

resourcesorexpertiseasabarrier.Whilemanyinterventionsarelow-costandstraightforwardtopilot,notallorganizationshavebuiltupthecapabilitiesneededforcontext-specificdesignandimplementation.

3.Lackoftopicalownership:Withinorganizations,heatriskspanshumanresources(HR),

WorkforceHeatResilienceRoadmap

environmentalhealthandsafety(EHS)

/occupationalhealthandsafety(OHS),

sustainability,procurementandcommercial

functions.Withoutasinglefunctioncoordinatingexecution–andclearlyaccountableforit–

progresscanstall.

Toaccelerateaction,leaderscanfollowthe

WorkforceHeatResilienceRoadmap(seeFigure3),apracticalsetofactivitiesdesignedtoanswereachofthethreecriticalquestions.Thestepsaredefineddeliberately:

1.Buildacrediblebusinesscase.

2.Designsolutionssuitedtotheoperatingcontext.

3.Createtheconditionsneededtopilot,scaleupandsustaineffectiveinterventions.

Whichsolutionsshouldmycompanyimplement?

2

Howshouldmycompanyapproachexecution?

3

Howbigandwhereismycompany'sproblemwithextremeheat?

1

STEP7

Scalingupandbusiness

integration

Context-specificsolutiondesign

Businesscasedevelopment

Initial

assessment

Pilotsandrefinements

Solution

identification

Deepdivediagnostic

STEP4

STEP5

STEP6

STEP1

STEP3

STEP2

ACTION1

ACTION1

ACTION1

ACTION1

ACTION1

ACTION1

ACTION1

Conductreadinessassessmentto

evaluate

organizational

capabilitiesneeded

Buildoutcaseforaction,including:

–Productivityuplift

–Operational

DesigneffectivepilotstomonitorprogressandROIwhileenabling

iterative

Identifyrelevant

solutionsusing

WorkforceHeat

ResilienceSolutions

Repository

Identifywhereheatrisksurfacesacrossthevaluechain

Tailorpriority

solutionsto

companycontextandnavigate

trade-offsbetween

Analysehistoricaldatatoidentifyanycorrelationsbetweenextremeheatand

ACTION2

continuity

–Talentattractionandretention

–Regulatoryandlegalrisk

mitigation

–Costavoidance

–Financialriskmitigation

–Brandreputation

–Competitiveadvantage

company

improvement

forsuccessfulexecution

designprinciples:

–Scientificallygrounded

–Operationallyviable

–Costeffective

performance

ACTION2

ACTION2

Gaugemagnitudeofforward-lookingwork-timelosses

Prioritizesolutions

usinghierarchy

ofhazardcontrols:

–Engineeringcontrols

–Administrativecontrols

–Personalprotectiveequipment

ACTION2

ACTION2

Conductduediligence

ofsolutionsproviders,testingfor:

–Improvedhealthoutcomes

–Improvedproductivity

–DemonstratedROI

Advanceexternal

enablerstocreate

foundationformoreeffectivecollaborationacrosssectors

ACTION3

Conductonsite,in-person

evaluationof

Begininternalengagements

acrossfunctionstoevaluateappetiteforchangeand

readinesstoact

ACTION2

workingconditionsandbehaviours,

Understanduniqueneedsofany

vulnerablegroups

including:

–Environmentalheatload

–Workloadintensity

ACTION2

–Healthandsafetyprotections

Socializewithleadership

toidentifychampions

Internalenablers:datasystems,stakeholderalignment,workerengagement,fundingandincentives,governance

Externalenablers:policyandregulation,healthsystemstrengthening,ecosystem-basedcollaboration

Source:Co-developedbytheWorldEconomicForumandBCGwithinputfrompartners(seeAcknowledgements).

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap11

3

Howbigandwhereismycompany’sproblemwithextremeheat?

Companiesthatbeginquantifyingtheir

workforceheatriskcanquicklybuildthe

foundationforacompellingbusinesscase.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap12

Aheatindex

of100-110°F

(38-43°C)raisestheoddsofworkplaceinjuryby10-20%

acrossnearlyallmajorindustries.

Workforceheatriskiseasytounderestimateuntilcomprehensivelyassessed.Thefollowingactivitiescanhelpcompaniesmapexposureandbuildabusinesscasegroundedindata.ThischapterpresentsSteps1-3oftheWorkforceHeatResilienceRoadmap:

Step1:Initialassessment

Step2:Deepdivediagnostic

Step3:Businesscasedevelopment

STEP1

Initialassessment

STEP1

STEP2

STEP4

STEP5

STEP6

STEP7

STEP3

Initial

assessment

Deepdivediagnostic

Businesscasedevelopment

Solution

identification

Context-specificsolutiondesign

Pilotsandrefinements

Scalingupandbusiness

integration

KeyactionsExampleoutputs

Listofrelevantworkforceheatimpactsacrossupstream,directanddownstreamoperations

Understandingofwheretogatherdataandwhichstakeholderstoengage

High-levelfinancialestimatesandgeographicbreakdownsofheat-drivenwork-timelosses

Stakeholdermapofpotentialchampions,scepticsandcross-functionalcollaborators

Clearviewofevidencetogatherandquestionstoresolveinordertostrengthenthebusinesscase

1.Identifywhereheatrisksurfacesacrossthevaluechain

2.Gaugemagnitudeofforward-lookingwork-timelosses

3.Begininternalengagementsacrossfunctionstoevaluatereadiness

toact

ACTION1

Identifywhereheatrisksurfacesacrossthevaluechain

Whenenvironmentalheatloadexceedsthebody’scapacitytomaintainasafecoretemperature,

workersexperiencearangeofhealthimpacts:

–Cognitiveandphysicalimpairment:A2025nationwideanalysisofUSOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)injurydatafoundthataheatindexof100-110°F(38-

43°C)raisestheoddsofworkplaceinjuryby10-20%acrossnearlyallmajorindustries.19

–Acuteheatillnesses:Thesecaninclude

visibleandsevereeventssuchasheatstroke,whichmayresultindisorientationand

collapse.However,foreveryrecordedcase,manylesssevereorunreportedcasesof

heatexhaustionandotherheat-relatedillnessgoundetected.

–Chronicillness:Inhotconditions,eachadditional1°C(1.8°F)ofheatexposureis

associatedwitha0.5-2.1%increasein

cardiovascularmorbidityandmortality20anda3%increaseinkidney-relatedmortality.21Hightemperaturesarealsolinkedtoheightened

psychologicaldistressandworseningofexistingmentalhealthissues.

Theseimpactsextendbeyondtheworkplace,

creatingrippleeffectsthatinfluencework

performanceandbroadereconomicoutcomes.ArecentUKstudyfoundthatpoorsleepin

uncooledhomesisaconsistentdragonnext-dayproductivity,makingupanestimated5-10%of

thetotalproductivitylossthatadaptationtoheatcouldprevent.22

Manyheatimpactsareinvisibleorunderreported,manifestingasoperationalpressuresacrossvaluechains(seeTable1).Leaderswhorelysolelyon

heat-relatedincidentreportswillunderestimatethetruescaleoftheproblem.

WorkforceHeatResilience:AnActionableFrameworktoClosetheExecutionGap13

1

TABLE

Operationalpressuresdrivenbyworkforceheatimpacts

Workforcegroup

Operationalpressures

Example

Upstream

Highercostsinsupply

chain,contractmanufacturingand/orlogistics

Decreaseinoutputquantityand/orquality

Supplierand/orcontractordelays

Higherscrutinyofsupplierexposureandworking

conditions

Productivitylosses

Healthandsafetyincidents

Healthcareandinsurancecosts

WhenanintenseheatwavestruckIndiainMay2024,reductionsinworkinghourshamperedproductionvolumesevenasinputandfreightcostsrose,resultinginpass-throughcostsforcustomers23

AmongfarmworkersinCalifornia’sCentralValley,anincreaseinheatindexfrom95°Fto100°F(35°Cto38°C)wasobservedtoredu