高三英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册UNIT 3 FOOP AND CULTURE学案

注表示该词的熟词生义。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.peppern. 甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉2.peppercornn. 胡椒粒3.vinegarn. 醋4.onionn. 洋葱；葱头5.lambn. 羊羔肉；羔羊6.lambkebab 烤羊肉串7.dimsumn. 点心(中国食品)8.vegetariann. 素食者9.junkn. 无用的东西10.junkfood 垃圾食品11.garlicn. 蒜12.baconn. 熏猪肉；咸肉13.hamn. 火腿14.sausagen. 香肠；腊肠15.cabbagen. 甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜16.beancurdn. (＝tofu)豆腐17.oliven. 油橄榄；橄榄树18.fign. 无花果19.ingredientn. (尤指烹饪)材料；成分20.doughn. 生面团21.cafeterian. 自助餐厅；自助食堂22.bunn. 圆面包；小圆甜饼23.chillin.(NAmE＝chili)[pl.-es] 辣椒24.porkn. 猪肉25.pearln. 珍珠26.calorien. 卡路里(热量单位)27.vitaminn. 维生素28.fibren. 纤维；纤维制品29.dairyadj. 奶制的；乳品(业)的n. 乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂Ⅱ.核心单词1.cuisinen. 菜肴；风味；烹饪2.recipen. 烹饪法；食谱；秘诀3.boldadj. 大胆自信的；敢于冒险的4.chefn. 厨师；主厨5.stuffvt. 填满；把……塞进n. 东西；物品6.slicen. (切下的食物)薄片vt. 把……切成薄片7.minimumadj. 最低(限度)的；最小的n. 最小值；最少量8.tempern. 脾气；火气9.brandn. 品牌10.dessertn. (饭后)甜点11.canteenn. 食堂；餐厅12.somewhatadv. 有点；稍微13.madamn. 夫人；女士14.regardlessadv. 不顾；不加理会15.categoryn. 类别；种类16.quantityn. 数量；数额17.idealadj. 完美的；理想的；想象的n. 理想；完美的人(或事物)18.fundamentaladj. 根本的；基础的；基本的n. 基本规律；根本法则19.modestadj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的20.chewvi.&vt. 咀嚼；嚼碎n. 咀嚼21.overalladv. 总体上；大致上adj. 全面的；综合的Ⅲ.拓展单词1.prioradj.先前的；优先的→priorityn.优先事项；优先权2.elegantadj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegancen.优雅；优美3.exceptionaladj.特别的；罕见的；杰出的→exceptionn.例外→exceptprep.除了4.consumevt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumern.消费者；用户；客户→consumptionn.消费；消耗(量)5.stableadj.稳定的；稳重的→stablyadv.稳定地；坚固地→stabilityn.稳定(性)；稳固(性)6.associationn.协会；关联→associatevt.联想；联系vi.交往adj.副的；联合的→associatedadj.有关联的；相关的7.moderationn.适度；合理→moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的8.modestadj.些许的；简朴的；谦虚的；朴素的→modestyn.谦虚；谦逊；朴素；庄重9.trickn.诀窍；计谋；把戏vt.欺骗→trickyadj.棘手的；难对付的10.consistvi.由……组成(或构成)；在于→consistentadj.一致的；连续的构词法：形容词后缀-ant/-ent表示“是……的；处于……状态的”直接＋-ent①consist→consistent一贯的②depend→dependent依赖的③differ→different不同的④persist→persistent坚持不懈的直接＋-ant⑤expect→expectant期待的⑥resist→resistant抵制的去(t)e＋-ant※⑦tolerate→tolerant宽容的⑧please→pleasant令人愉悦的特殊⑨excel→excellent优秀的；杰出的Ⅳ.重点短语1.priorto 在……之前的2.consistof 由……组成(或构成)3.slice...off 切下4.regardlessof 不管；不顾5.relate...to... 把……与……联系起来6.inmanyways 在许多方面7.ontheotherhand 另一方面8.makeup 组成；构成；化妆9.inotherwords 换言之10.beuptosb 由某人决定Ⅴ.经典句型1.句型：形容词作状语Tired，hungry，andnotknowingawordofChinese，wehadnoideahowtoorder，sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。2.句型：what引导主语从句Thefoodwaswonderfulanddifferent，butwhatwasevenmoreimportantwasthefriendshipthatwasofferedtous.食物很美味又很独特，但更重要的是我们之间的友谊。3.句型：bythetime引导时间状语从句TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.当萨姆加入他们时，他们已经吃完饭了。consistof由……组成(或构成)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Thebreakfast，consisting(consist)ofporridgeandsandwich，smeltextremelydelicious.②Whiletryingtolearnmoreaboutthesebirds，Ifindthattherehavenotbeenanyconsistent(consist)studiesormonitoringofthem. (2025·浙江1月卷)③众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。 (主旨升华)Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatlifeconsistsof/ismadeupof/iscomposedof/iscomprisedofnotonlysunshinebutalsostorms.④我们都知道，泰山的美在于它迷人的风景和丰富的文化。 (景点介绍)Asweallknow，thebeautyofMountTaiconsists/liesinitscharmingsceneryandrichculture.后归纳(1)consistof＝bemadeupof＝becomposedof 由……构成，由……组成consistin 在于；存在于(2)beconsistentwith 与……一致/相符【名师点津】consistof、belongto、comeintobeing等不能用于被动语态和进行时态。associationn.协会；关联(associatevt.联想；联系；vi.交往associatedadj.有关联的)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Thebook，associated(associate)withherchildhoodmemories，wasfoundinthestudy.Whenshehelditinherhands，tearswelledupinhereyes. (续写情感描写)②许多人将成功与幸福联系在一起，但真正的成功常常来源于个人成就和充实的人际关系(演讲稿)Manypeopleassociatesuccesswithhappiness，buttruesuccessoftencomesfrompersonalachievementsandfulfillingrelationships.③参加活动前，父亲提醒我要和积极思考的人合作。 (续写动作描写)Priortoparticipatingintheactivity，myfatherremindedmetobeinassociationwiththosethinkingpositively.后归纳(1)inassociationwith... 与……合作；与……有关联(2)associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起associatewith... 与……交往(3)beassociatedwith... 与……有关regardlessof不顾；不管先练透完成句子/一句多译①我决心更加同情和尊重他人而不管他们外貌如何。 (主旨升华)Iwasdeterminedtotreatotherpeople—regardlessoftheirappearance—withmorecompassionandrespect.②我很荣幸能就提高英语口语的技巧发表演讲。 (演讲稿)IfeelgreatlyhonoredtodeliveraspeechwithregardtothetricksofimprovingoralEnglish.③尽管雨下得很大，我们仍然决定按计划举行食品文化节。 (通知)→Regardlessoftheheavyrain/Regardlessofthefactthatitrainsheavily，westilldecidetoholdtheFoodCultureFestivalasscheduled.(regardlessof)→Despitetheheavyrain/Despitethefactthatitrainsheavily，westilldecidetoholdtheFoodCultureFestivalasscheduled.(despite)后归纳(1)regardlessofthefactthat... 不顾……的事实(2)inspiteof/despite 尽管(3)withregardto 关于；至于quantityn.数量；数额先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Largequantitiesofbookshavebeencontributed(contribute)tothechildreninthecountrysidesincethen.②Therewerelargequantities(quantity)ofactivities，consistingofmusicalplays，musicalinstrumentperformancesandsingingcontests. (报道)③了解到你在打篮球方面有丰富的经验，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们的篮球俱乐部。 (邀请信)Learningthatyouhavealargequantityof/largequantitiesofexperienceinplayingbasketball，I’mwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojoinourbasketballclub.后归纳alarge/smallquantityof 大/少量的(large)quantitiesof 大量的inquantity/inlargequantities 大量地[点津]①“aquantityof＋可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定；②“quantitiesof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。句型公式：bythetime引导时间状语从句【教材原句】TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.当萨姆加入他们时，他们已经吃完饭了。先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Bytheendof2020，Pruitthadrepaired(repair)morethan140fordonationortobereturnedtotheirowners.②Bythetimeyoucomehere，youwillhaveexperienced(experience)ourtraditionalChineseculture.③夜幕降临时，伯纳德已经卖完了所有的爆米花。 (新高考Ⅰ卷续写)Bythetimethenightfell，Bernardhadsoldoutallthepopcorn.后归纳(1)bythetime后的从句如用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；如从句用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时。(2)“by＋表过去的时间”作状语时，谓语用过去完成时。(3)“by＋表将来的时间”作状语时，谓语用一般将来时或将来完成时。句型公式：形容词(短语)作状语【教材原句】Tired，hungry，andnotknowingawordofChinese，wehadnoideahowtoorder...又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐……先练透完成句子①又冷又饿，我在空荡荡的街道上漫无目的地徘徊，思考着我的未来。(续写情感描写)Coldandhungry，Iwanderedaimlesslyintheemptystreet，wonderingaboutmyfuture.②这位运动员虽然疲惫但仍然坚定，满脸汗水，眼睛盯着终点线，在跑马拉松的最后一圈时把自己的身体推向极限。 (续写心理描写)Exhaustedbutstilldetermined，theathletepushedhisbodytothelimitasheranthefinallapofthemarathon，withhisfacecoveredinsweatandhiseyesfixedonthefinishline.③我们好奇而兴奋，迫不及待地想要和外国学生交换礼物，以表达我们对他们真挚的欢迎。 (续写心理描写)Curiousandexcited，wecouldn’twaittoexchangegiftswiththeforeignstudents，conveyingoursincerewelcometothem.后归纳形容词(短语)作状语：(1)说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。(2)表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。1.consumevt.吃；喝；饮；消耗；使充满(强烈的感情)(生义)【诵读领悟】①Consumedwithguilt，theboyslippedintotheclassroomquietlyandputthebrokenvasebackontheshelf，hopingnoonewouldfindoutitwashimwhoknockeditover.男孩满心愧疚，悄悄溜进教室，把打碎的花瓶放回架子上，希望没人发现是他碰倒的。②Tomwasconsumedwithangerafterhearingthebadnews.听到这个坏消息后，汤姆满心愤怒。③Whenshesawherformerclassmateachievegreatsuccess，envyconsumedherwithamixoflongingandfrustrationforawhile.看到以前的同学取得巨大成功时，嫉妒曾让她一度充满渴望与失落。【佳句仿写】看到爷爷坐在扶手椅上，神情呆滞，我百感交集。(续写神情描写)SeeingGrandpasittinginhisarmchair，dull-looking，Iwasconsumedwithmixedfeelings.consumesbwithsth使某人充满(强烈的情感)beconsumedwith/by＋情感名词充满(某种情绪或念头)2.tempern.脾气；火气【诵读领悟】①Hisbadtemperoftengetshimintotrouble；he’llarguewithanyonewhodisagreeswithhim.他的坏脾气总让他惹麻烦，谁跟他意见不合他就跟谁吵。②Mygrandmahasasweettemper，andshe’salwayspatientwithkidsandneighbors.(人物描写)我奶奶脾气特别好，对孩子和邻居总是很有耐心。③Pleasekeepyourtemper，there’snoneedtogetangryoverasmallmistake.请控制一下情绪，没必要为一个小错误发火。【佳句仿写】现在别跟他说话，他跟老板吵完架后心情很差。Don’ttalktohimrightnow，he’sinabadtemperafterarguingwithhisboss.keepone’stemper 控制一下情绪haveasweettemper 脾气特别好beinabad/goodtemper 情绪状态不好/好维度一词汇语境运用1.Consuming(consume)breakfastisnotonlyfundamentaltohealthbutalsoitcanhelpyoukeepfocusedandstudymoreefficiently.2.Untilnow，largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent(spend)onbringingupthethreechildren.3.Tricked(trick)outofherlifesavings，theoldladysatinheremptylivingroom，feelingasenseofdespairanddisbelief.(续写情感描写)4.Stepoutofyourcomfortzoneandyouwillfind(find)yourselfgrowingandimproving.5.(2023·浙江1月卷)ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryasthecapitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories，andsomeareevenassociated(associate)withhistoricevents.6.Thebreakfastconsisting(consist)ofeggs，toast，andaglassoforangejuiceprovidesabalancedstarttotheday.7.(2024·全国甲卷)It’smorechallengingtoeatinmoderation(moderate)ifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready，likecookies.8.Noonecandenythefactthatfreshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth，sowemustregularlygooutdoors.维度二阅读理解清障Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思1.Herrecipeforsuccessinvolveshardwork，determination，andalwaysstayingfocusedonhergoals. n.方法；秘诀；诀窍2.Ithinkthatisoneofthemajoringredientsforhissuccess. n.要素3.Highlighttheimportantwordsinboldtype. adj.粗体的4.Attheageoffiveheshowedexceptionaltalentasamusician. adj.杰出的根据语境选择加黑词的含义5.stuffvt.填满；把……塞进n.东西；物品；活儿(生义)；工作(生义)①IamhavingatightscheduletodaybecauseIhavegotalotofstufftodo. n.活儿；工作②Youwillfindmuchtolaughatandmuchusefulstuffaswell. n.物品；东西③Underherbed，theyfoundabagstuffedwithmoney. vt.填满④Onehundredgoldpieceshadbeenstuffedintothatsmallbag. vt.把……塞进6.consumevt.吃；喝；饮；消耗；烧毁(生义)；毁灭(生义)①Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被)，whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark. vt.吃②Afteralonghikeinthemountains，thegroupconsumedmorecaloriesthantheyusuallydoinaday. vt.消耗③Afteralightningstrike，thewoodenhotelwasquicklyconsumedbyfire，leavingnothingbutashesbehind. vt.烧毁；毁灭7.trickn.诀窍，技巧；计谋；诡计，把戏vt.欺骗(生义)①Trickedintogivingupalargequantityofmoney，hegotsodesperatethathedrownedhissadnessinwine. vt.欺骗②AsanexchangestudentfromAmerica，Ilikeeatingdumplings.Wouldyoupleasetellmethetrickofmakingdumplings？ n.诀窍，技巧③Thenaughtyboyplayedtricksontheshygirl，makinghercheeksflamewithanger. n.把戏Ⅱ.构词法构词法形容词后缀-ive/tive表示“……的，有……倾向的”指出下列黑体词的含义1.(2025·北京卷)Guidingyoutodevelopinnovativesolutionsforreal-worldchallengesandcreatetransformativeprogresstobenefitallcommunities. adj.有改革能力的2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Ifheseemsalittledefensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods. adj.戒备的，怀有戒心的3.(2025·全国一卷)Asanewunitstarted，Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice. adj.有说服力的4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth. adj.建设性的5.(2022·浙江1月卷)Celebrateprogressandkeeprefining(改进)towardahappyproductiveexistence. adj.富有成效的Part1.应用文增分练(发言稿—传统美食)假定你是李华，你将接受校英语报专栏ABiteofMyHometown的主持人Cindy的访问。请你写一篇有关中国传统食物的发言稿，内容包括：1.介绍一种美食；2.说明该美食背后的意义；3.邀请来体验美食。用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文【布局谋篇】开篇：开头点明演讲主题①It’sagreathonourformetohaveapreciousopportunitytotalkaboutoneofthetraditionalfoodsinChina(能有机会向大家介绍中国的一种传统美食，对我来说是莫大的荣幸).中段：演讲主题①介绍一种美食；②说明该美食背后的意义Today，I’dliketointroducedumplingstoyou.DumplingsareakindoftraditionalChinesefoodinNorthernChina，②whichareassociatedwithmanysignificantoccasions(与许多重要的场合有关).③Happyanddelighted，thewholefamilywillgathertogethertomakedumplings(全家人会其乐融融地聚在一起包饺子)，especiallyduringtheSpringFestival.Manytricksareneededtomakegooddumplingsthatlookattractiveandtastedelicious.④Makingdumplingsmainlyconsistsofthreeprocedures(包饺子主要包括三个步骤)—preparingthedoughandcuttingitintoslices，wrappingvariousfillingswiththeslicesandboilingtheminwater.结尾：表达期望，邀请来体验美食DumplingsarereallydeliciousandhaveatasteofthemwhenyouvisitChina.Thankyouagain！【多元表达】⑤DumplingsarereallydeliciousandhaveatasteofthemwhenyouvisitChina.(升级为省略句，和do强调句)→DumplingsarereallydeliciousanddohaveatasteofthemwhenvisitingChina.Part2.读后续写提能练拓展语料积累动作描写“动手臂”【语言素材】动“自己的”①waveone’sarms 挥动双臂②foldone’sarms 某人双臂交叉③holdout/openone’sarms 某人伸出/张开双臂④pullsbintoone’sarms 拉某人入怀⑤gathersbinone’sarms 把某人抱在怀中⑥put/throwone’sarmsaroundsb 搂住某人续表其他①takeone’sarm 挽住某人的胳膊②seize/grabsbbythearm 抓住某人的胳膊③keepsbatarm’slength 与某人保持距离④ineachother’sarms 互相搂抱着⑤withcrossedarms 双臂交叉⑥withopenarms 张开双臂(欢迎)⑦arminarm 臂挽着臂 ⑧inone’sarms 在某人怀中【靓句表达】1.Whensheburstintotearsafterhearingthebadnews，heimmediatelypulledherintohisarms，pattingherbacksoftlytocalmherdown.听到坏消息她失声痛哭时，他立刻把她拉进怀里，轻轻拍着她的背安抚。2.Shestoodtherewithherarmscrossed/folded，lookingveryangry.她站在那里，双臂交叉，看上去很生气。3.Shegrabbedhimbythearmjustashewasabouttorunintothebusystreet，hervoicetremblingwithfear.就在他要冲进繁忙街道的瞬间，她抓住了他的胳膊，声音因恐惧而颤抖。4.Havingwonfirstprizeinthespeechcontest，theywalkedhomearminarm.在演讲比赛中获得第一名后，他们臂挽臂走回家。续写语料运用用表“动手臂”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵微场景：主题“亲情”——安慰妹妹时的“动手臂”Mylittlesisterfeltuneasy，hermouthwideopen，①armswaving(挥舞双臂，独立主格)，andlegskicking.Ithoughtshemightbescared，soI②heldoutmyarms(伸出双臂)，pickedherup，andpattedherontheback.Iwalkedslowlybesideherlittlebed，whisperingmyfavoritesongtoherears，justasmymumdidwhenIgotscared.Mumwouldalways③pullmeintoherarms(拉我入怀)andsinguntilIcalmeddownwhenIwasyoung.Surprisingly，sheseemedtounderstandmeandstoppedcrying④inmyarms(在我怀中).Lookingintoherbigeyes，Ibreathedasighofrelief.单元测评24UNIT3FOODANDCULTURE(限时：45分钟满分：60分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)A(2026·济南市高三摸底考试)Freshwaterisvitalforalllifeonourplanet.Yet，inmanyplacesaroundtheglobe，ourmanagementoffreshwaterresourcesisbecomingunsustainable.UnderstandingtheinterconnectednessandcomplexityoflocalandregionalfreshwaterissuesiscriticaltolivingsustainablyonEarth.That’swhytheNationalGeographicSocietyandtheNatureConservancyhavejoinedforcestodevelopaprogramcenteredaroundauniqueremoteexternship(校外实习)programforyoungadultsworldwide.TheExperienceThroughouttheexternship，youwilllearnaboutfreshwaterconservationcareersfromweeklywebinars(研讨会)featuringtheNationalGeographicSocietyandtheNatureConservancyexperts，yourownresearch，andinformativeinterviewsconductedwithlocalconservationorganizations.Duringthisexternship，youwillalso：·Gainknowledgeoffreshwaterconservationissuesandstrategiesthroughresourcesandcasestudiesprovidedbythetwopartnerorganizations.·Engagewithlocalleaders，conservationists，andcommunitymemberstograspfreshwater-relatedchallengesandtheirimpactsonthecommunity.·Applyprimaryandsecondaryresearchmethodstoinvestigateexistingconservationinitiativesandidentifylocalfreshwaterissues.·Conductlandscapeandgapanalysestouncoverconservationgapsandproposeactionablesolutions.·Developwrittenandvisualstorytellingskillstoeffectivelycommunicatekeyissuesandcommunity-basedactionstrategies.QualificationsWeareseekingyoungpeopleaged18－25fromaroundtheglobeinterestedinlearningaboutintroductoryconservationapproaches.Nopriorworkexperienceorcourseworkinconservationorenvironmentaltopicsisrequired.Theprogramvaluesdiversityinbeliefs，cultures，andbackgrounds.DurationandRewardsStartDateJuly14thFormatFullyremoteProgramOptionsDurationHours/WeekHourlyRateAdditionalRewards4weeks10$5$208weeks10$6$30Note：Thosewhofinishallrequiredtasks(whetherforthe4-weektrackorthe8-weektrack)willbequalifiedforanadditionalreward.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个针对全球年轻人的独特的远程校外实习项目，包括实习内容、资格要求、时长和奖励等。1.Whatisthepurposeofthisexternshipprogram？A.Topromoteinternationalcooperation.B.Toprovideahands-onfieldexperience.C.Tointroducefreshwater-relatedcareers.D.Tohelpunderstandfreshwaterchallenges.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“UnderstandingtheinterconnectednessandcomplexityoflocalandregionalfreshwaterissuesiscriticaltolivingsustainablyonEarth...auniqueremoteexternship(校外实习)programforyoungadultsworldwide.”可知，这个校外实习项目的目的是帮助全球年轻人了解淡水挑战。故选D。2.Whatmightparticipantsdoduringtheexternship？A.Raisefundsfortheprogram.B.Documentglobalcasestudies.C.Putforwardworkablesolutions.D.Engageinmakinglocalpolicies.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据Duringthisexternship，youwillalso部分中的“·Conductlandscapeandgapanalysestouncoverconservationgapsandproposeactionablesolutions.”可知，参与者在实习期间可能会提出可行的解决方案。故选C。3.Howmuchwillan8-weekexternearnatmostuponfullcompletion？A.$200. B.$220.C.$510. D.$480.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据表格中的“Duration：8weeks；Hours/Week：10；HourlyRate：$6；AdditionalRewards：$30”和最后一段“Note：Thosewhofinishallrequiredtasks(whetherforthe4-weektrackorthe8-weektrack)willbequalifiedforanadditionalreward.”可知，一个为期8周的实习生每周工作10小时，每小时6美元，完全完成任务后额外奖励30美元，即8×10×6＋30＝510美元。故选C。B(2026·湖北黄冈中学调研)Microscopicplasticpiecesareeverywhere，andanewstudyrevealstheyexistinbottledwateratconcentrations10to100timeshigherthanpreviouslyestimated.ResearchersfromColumbiaUniversityandRutgersUniversityfoundroughly240，000detectableplasticpiecesinatypicalliterofbottledwater，withthestudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.TheresearchersusedstimulatedRamanscatteringmicroscopyandmachinelearningtodetectsevencommonplastics，testingthreeunnamedbottledwaterbrands.About10％oftheseparticles(微粒)aremicroplastics(5millimetersto1micrometer)，and90％arenanoplastics(纳米塑料)(lessthan1micrometer).Microplasticshavealreadybeenfoundinhumanlungs，bloodandplacentas.“Nanoplasticscouldbeevenmoredangerousthanmicroplasticsbecausewheninsidethehumanbody，thesmalleritgoes，theeasierforittobemisidentifiedasthenaturalcomponentofthecell，”saysWeiMin，aColumbiachemistryprofessorandco-authoronthestudy.TheInternationalBottledWaterAssociation(IBWA)statedithad“verylimitednotice”toreviewthestudy，arguingthenewdetectionmethodneedstobefullyreviewedbythescientificcommunityandmoreresearchneedstobedonetodevelopstandardizedmethodsformeasuringandquantifyingnanoplasticsinourenvironment.Itaddedthereisnoscientificagreementonthepotentialhealthimpactsofnano-andmicroplasticparticlesandmediareportsunnecessarilyscareconsumers.PhoebeStapleton，anotherco-authorofthestudy，saysresearchersalreadyknowthatnanoplasticsareinwater.“Butifyoucan’tquantifythemorcreateimagesofthem，it’shardtobelievetheyreallyexist.Theimportanceofourteam’sresearchisthatitnowrevealsthisclearly—itnotonlyprovidescomputer-generatedimages，butalsoletsusmeasurethenanoplastics.Evenmoreimportantly，itofferschemicalanalysisofthosemeasurements，”shesays，addingthattheresearchhelpspeoplebetterunderstandhowmuchplastichumansusuallytakeintotheirbodiesandwhateffectsithas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现瓶装水中微塑料和纳米塑料的含量比之前估计的要高得多，介绍了研究的方法、相关各方的态度以及该研究的重要意义。4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethenewfindings？A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byquotinganexpert.C.Bydefiningaconcept.D.Byprovidingstatistics.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文中提到了10到100倍，还提到了24万块可检测到的塑料颗粒，所以作者通过提供统计数据来介绍新发现。故选D。5.Whatcouldmakenanoplasticsagreaterthreatcomparedwithmicroplastics？A.Difficultyindetectingit.B.Failuretocreateitsimage.C.Largerquantitythanmicroplastics.D.Highconcentrationlevelsinbottledwater.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，纳米塑料在人体内时，体积越小，就越容易被误认为是细胞的天然成分，可推理出纳米塑料更难被检测到，这使得它可能成为更大的威胁。故选A。6.WhatisIBWA’sattitudetowardsthestudy？A.Objective. B.Approving.C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.答案：C解析：观点态度题。根据第三段可知，对于纳米和微塑料颗粒对健康的潜在影响，科学界尚未达成共识，且认为媒体报道不必要地吓唬消费者，可推断出IBWA对该研究持怀疑态度。故选C。7.WhatisPhoebeStapleton’sremarkmainlyabout？A.Uniquenessofthestudy.B.Significanceofthestudy.C.Potentialapplicationofthestudy.D.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这项研究有助于人们更好地了解人类通常摄入体内的塑料有多少，以及它会产生什么影响，可推断出PhoebeStapleton的话主要强调了该研究的重要意义。故选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·长沙市高三最后一卷)Consumingfoodcanbeapleasurablething—weenjoyfeastingonthemixoftastesandtexturesanditstopsusfeelinghungrytoo.1.Butwhatmanyofusdon’tconsiderishowouremotionsareaffectedbywhatweputintoourstomach.Forme，it’stheunhealthyfoodslikechocolatethatputasmileonmyface—well，Idohaveasweettooth！Itmightseemobviousthatwhat’sbadforourwaistlineusuallymakesushappy.2.Butdietitianstellusthateatingbadfoodforalongtimenotonlyleadstomanyhealthproblems，butitcanalsoaffectourmentalstateandcausedepression.Thelinkbetweenourmindandfoodhasbeenlookedatbyscientists.They’verecentlyfoundthatit’sthebacteria(细菌)inourbodythataffectourmood.ResearchersinCanadahavefoundthatcertain“good”bacteriahelpreduceanxietyinmice.3.Manyfoodproductsareclaimingtobehighinsuch“good”bacteriaandsomeofthebesttypesarehome-madefoodlikeyogurt.4.MaybeIshouldchangemydiettobrightenmeup！DoctorMichaelMosleywouldagree.He’sbeenlookingintothisfortheBBCandsaysthebestfoodtocheerusupisina“Mediterraneandiet”；oliveoil，wholegrains，lotsoffruitsandvegetables.Sugar：terribleforyou！Somaybeit’stimetolayoffthefattyandsugarythings.5，evenifthesciencebehinditiscomplex.It’snotrocketsciencebutthisisfurtherevidenceforthesaying“wearewhatweeat”.Thereareotherfactorsthatcanchangeourmoodbutitseemswehavesomeabilitytoimprovehowwefeelbycontrollingwhatweputonourplate.A.Idon’twanttogiveitatryB.EatinghealthilymayseemsimpleC.WeareindeeddeterminedbywhatweeatD.ThisreallymakesmethinktwiceaboutwhatIeatE.FoodalsogivesusenergyandmineralsourbodyneedsF.Mostofusgetthisfeelingwhenweusefoodasaquickpick-me-upG.Forushumans，thismeansfoodwith“good”bacteriacanimprovehowwefeel【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物对人们情绪的影响。1.答案：E解析：前文提到“Consumingfoodcanbeapleasurablething—weenjoyfeastingonthemixoftastesandtexturesanditstopsusfeelinghungrytoo.”，说明食物能带来愉悦感和让我们不饿，E选项“Foodalsogivesusenergyandmineralsourbodyneeds”进一步阐述食物还能给我们身体所需的能量和矿物质，与前文构成并列关系，都是在说食物对我们身体的基本作用。故选E。2.答案：F解析：空格前文提到像巧克力这样的不健康食物能让我们开心，F选项“Mostofusgetthisfeelingwhenweusefoodasaquickpick-me-up”中的“thisfeeling”指代前文吃不健康食物带来的开心感觉，且提到当我们用食物来快速提神时会有这种感觉，符合语境。故选F项。3.答案：G解析：根据前文“ResearchersinCanadahavefoundthatcertain‘good’bacteriahelpreduceanxietyinmice.”可知，加拿大的研究人员发现某些“有益”细菌有助于减轻老鼠的焦虑，G选项则指出对于人类来说，含有“有益”细菌的食物能改善我们的感觉，是对前文研究结果在人类身上的延伸。故选G。4.答案：D解析：空格前文提到很多食品声称富含“有益”细菌，自制食品如酸奶是最好的类型之一，D选项中的“This”指代前面关于“有益”细菌食物的内容，表明这让作者对自己吃的东西重新思考，与后文“MaybeIshouldchangemydiettobrightenmeup！”相呼应。故选D。5.答案：B解析：根据后文“evenifthesciencebehinditiscomplex”以及“It’snotrocketsciencebutthisisfurtherevidenceforthesaying‘wearewhatweeat’.”可知，B选项中的simple与后文complex形成让步转折，符合语境，故选B。Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)(2026·湖北省荆州市起点考试)OnasunnySundayafternoon，theDisneyDreamsailedthroughbluewatersneartheBahamas.Alaughinggirlstood1ontheship’srailing(栏杆)asherfatherpreparedtotakeherphoto.Suddenly，hershoe2onthemetalbar.Armswavingwildly，shefellintotherough3thirtyfeetbelow.Peopleonthedeck(甲板)4andgatheredatonce.Without5，thefatherjumpedovertherailing，hisshirtspreadingoutlikeawhitesailagainstthewidesea.Panic6thecrowd.Theywatchedthedistant7inthewhitefoam(泡沫)leftbytheship，twosmallheadsrisingandfallingwiththewaves.Crewinlifejackets8ayellowrescueboatwithinmomentsand9towardthestrugglingpair.Saltwaterhurtthefather’seyes，blurringhisvisionashe10hisdaughterinaone-armedrescuehold.Waveshittheirfaceswhenaliferingdroppedbesidethem.“HOLDTHIS，”shoutedacrewman，11faroverthemovingboat.Thefather’scoldfingerscaughtthe12justastheship’sshadowcoveredthem.Strongarmspulledthemaboard，thechild13seawaterontothedeck.Crewcoveredthe14pairwithsilverblanketsaspassengerscriedin15.Againstthebrightsunset，therescueboatreturned.Thedeckswerefilledwithnewfriendship.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在巴哈马附近海域的迪士尼梦想号游轮上，一个欢笑的女孩在父亲准备为她拍照时不慎从栏杆上滑倒掉入海中。父亲毫不犹豫地跳入水中救她，船员们迅速展开救援，最终父女俩被成功救起，船上乘客也深受感动。1.A.uncomfortably B.unsteadilyC.uncertainly D.unwillingly答案：B解析：根据下文“Armswavingwildly，shefellintotheroughthirtyfeetbelow.”可知，女孩掉进了海里，应该是她摇摇晃晃地站在船的栏杆上。故选B。2.A.stuck B.steppedC.pressed D.slipped答案：D解析：根据下文“Armswavingwildly，shefellintotheroughthirtyfeetbelow.”可知，女孩掉进了海里，应该是她的鞋打滑了。故选D。3.A.floor B.deckC.ocean D.hole答案：C解析：根据上文“OnasunnySundayafternoon，theDisneyDreamsailedthroughbluewatersneartheBahamas.”可知，他们在海上航行，此处指女孩掉进了大海里。故选C。4.A.regretted B.screamedC.cheered D.sighed答案：B解析：根据上文“Armswavingwildly，shefellintotheroughthirtyfeetbelow.”可知，女孩掉进了波涛汹涌的大海里，甲板上的人们应该很害怕，尖叫着，立刻聚集在一起。故选B。5.A.hesitation B.permissionC.expectation D.inspiration答案：A解析：根据上文“Armswavingwildly，shefellintotheroughthirtyfeetbelow.”及常识可知，女儿掉进了海里，父亲毫不犹豫地跳进海里去救自己的女儿。故选A。6.A.settled B.escapedC.failed D.seized答案：D解析：根据上文“Peopleonthedeck(甲板)andgatheredatonce.”可知，人们很惊恐，此处指人群被恐慌“控制”。故选D。7.A.crewmen B.shapesC.figures D.shadows答案：C解析：根据下文“inthewhitefoam(泡沫)leftbytheship，twosmallheadsrisingandfallingwiththewaves”可知，此处指远处白色泡沫里的人影。故选C。8.A.liftedup B.sentoutC.calledin D.toredown答案：B解析：根据下文“ayellowrescueboatwithinmomentsandtowardthestrugglingpair”可知，此处指身穿救生衣的船员很快派出了一艘黄色的救援船。故选B。9.A.swam B.racedC.tended D.changed答案：B解析：根据上文“Crewinlifejacketsayellowrescueboatwithinmoments”及常识可知，此处指船员驾驶救援船，全速冲向挣扎的父女二人去进行营救。故选B。10.A.pushed B.approachedC.touched D.locked答案：D解析：根据下文“inaone-armedrescuehold”可知，此处指他用单臂紧紧抱住女儿，即将她“锁住”。故选D。11.A.leaning B.jumpingC.waiting D.lying答案：A解析：根据下文“faroverthemovingboat”及常识可知，此处指一个船员远远地俯在正在移动的小船上去营救海里的人。故选A。12.A.wave B.ropeC.ring D.board答案：C解析：根据上文“Waveshittheirfaceswhenaliferingdroppedbesidethem.‘HOLDTHIS，’sh