牛津发现Oxford Discover 4-Unit 18课件

Q9:

Whyarebiomesimportant?

Unit18

Words01020304ReadingGrammarCommunicateContentWords01parrotfish/ˈpærətfɪʃ/Abrightlycoloredtropicalfishwithabeak-likemouthusedforscrapingalgaefromcoral.n.鹦鹉鱼Theparrotfishplaysavitalroleinkeepingthecoralreefhealthy.seahorse/ˈsiːhɔːrs/Asmall,upright-swimmingfishwithahorse-likeheadandacurledtail,themaleofwhichcarriestheeggs.n.海马Theseahorsewrappeditstailaroundapieceofseaweedtostayinplace.mantaray/ˈmæntəreɪ/Averylarge,flatseacreaturewithwide,triangularfinsoneachsideofitsbody,resemblingwings.n.蝠鲼，魔鬼鱼Wesawagiantmantarayglidinggracefullythroughtheocean.seaturtle/siː

ˈtɜːrtl/Alargereptilethatlivesintheoceanandcomesashoretolayitseggsonbeaches.n.海龟Theseaturtlereturnedtothesamebeachwhereitwasborntonest.marinepark/məˈriːnpɑːrk/Aprotectedareaoftheseaandcoastlineestablishedtoconservemarinelifeandecosystems,oftenusedforrecreationandeducation.n.海洋公园Wewentsnorkelinginthemarineparktoseethecolorfulcoralreefs.snorkel/ˈsnɔːrkl/Ashorttubethatallowsaswimmertobreathewhilefloatingfacedowninthewater.Toswimusingsuchatube.n./v.1.呼吸管2.浮潜Don'tforgetyourmaskandsnorkel.Weplantosnorkelaroundthebaytomorrow.speedboat/ˈspiːdbəʊt/Asmall,fastmotorboatdesignedforspeed.n.快艇Theyrentedaspeedboattoexplorethecoastline.border/ˈbɔːrdər/Thelinethatdividestwocountriesorareas.Theedgeorboundaryofsomething.n.1.边境，国界2.边缘TheycrossedtheborderintoCanada.Sheplantedflowersalongtheborderofthegarden.petition/pəˈtɪʃn/Aformalwrittenrequest,typicallysignedbymanypeople,appealingtoanauthorityforachangeoraction.Tomakesucharequest.n./v.1.请愿书2.请愿Theystartedapetitiontosavethelocalforestfromdevelopment.law/lɔː/Arulemadebyagovernmentthatpeoplemustfollow.Thesystemofsuchrulesinasociety.n.1.法律，法令2.法律体系Itisagainstthelawtoparkhere.Sheisstudyinglawatuniversity.astonish/əˈstɒnɪʃ/Tosurpriseoramazesomeoneverygreatly.v.使震惊，使惊讶Themagician'sfinaltrickastonishedtheentireaudience.seaturtle,parrotfish,seahorse,mantaraymarinepark,speedboat,border,petition,lawManythingsinnatureleavemeinawe,butafewstandout.Thesheerscaleandbeautyoftheauroraborealis(northernlights)feelalmostotherworldly.I’malsodeeplyamazedbycoralreefs—theseunderwaterecosystemsarelikebustlingcitiesofcolorandlife,builtslowlyovermillenniabytinyorganisms.Andthenthere’sthemycelialnetworksbeneathforests—aninvisible“woodwideweb”thatallowstreestocommunicateandshareresources.Itremindsmethatsomuchwonderexistsjustbeneaththesurfaceofwhatwesee.1.Whatthingsinnatureastonishyou?Yes,Iwouldabsolutelylovetosnorkel!Theideaoffloatingeffortlesslyoveravibrantunderwaterworldsoundsmagical.I’mfascinatedbymarinelife—seeingtropicalfish,coralformations,andmaybeevenseaturtlesupclosewouldbeanunforgettableexperience.Snorkelingfeelslikeenteringaquiet,alienplanetfullofcolorandmotion,yetit’saccessibleandpeaceful.It’sachancetoconnectwithnatureinawaythat’sboththrillingandcalming.2.Wouldyouliketosnorkel?Whyorwhynot?Reading02Chinaishometocountlessplacesofbreathtakingnaturalbeauty.Hereareafewiconicexamplesandwhatpeoplecanexperiencethere:ZhangjiajieNationalForestPark(HunanProvince):Peoplecanseetoweringsandstonepillarsshroudedinmist,oftencalledthe"AvatarMountains,"alongwithdeepravines,clearstreams,anddiversesub-tropicalforestlife.JiuzhaigouValley(SichuanProvince):Visitorsaretreatedtoafairy-talelandscapeofcrystal-clear,multi-coloredlakes,spectacularwaterfalls,snow-cappedpeaks,anddenseforeststhatglowwithvibrantcolorsinautumn.TheLiRiver&KarstMountains(GuangxiProvince):Theviewfeaturessurreal,cone-shapedlimestonehillsdrapedingreenery,windingrivers,andpicturesquericepaddies,oftenexperiencedbytakingasereneboatcruise.TheYellowMountains(Huangshan,AnhuiProvince):Peoplecanseeuniquelyshapedgranitepeaksemergingfroma"seaofclouds,"ancient,gnarledpinetreesclingingtotherocks,andspectacularsunrisesoverthejaggedhorizon.TheRainbowMountains(ZhangyeDanxia,GansuProvince):Thisisageologicalwonderwherevisitorscanseestriatedmountainsinbrilliant,layeredbandsofred,yellow,blue,andgreen,formedbymineraldepositsovermillionsofyears.TheGrasslandsofInnerMongolia:Here,onecanexperiencethevast,endlessprairieknownasthe"seaofgrass,"withclearblueskies,herdsofhorsesandsheep,andthetraditionalcultureofnomadicherders.TheTaklamakanDesert(Xinjiang):Peoplecanseeimmense,rollingsanddunes,oasistowns,andthestark,awe-inspiringbeautyofoneoftheworld'slargestsandydeserts.WhatAreOpen-EndedQuestions?Open-endedquestionscannotbeansweredwithjust“yes”or“no.”Theyencouragefuller,morethoughtfulanswers.Theyhelpyouunderstandareadingmoredeeply.WhyAskOpen-EndedQuestions?PromotediscussionandreflectionEncouragecriticalthinkingHelpexplorefeelings,reasons,andexplanationsMakereadingmoreinteractiveandmeaningfulWhatAreOpen-EndedQuestions?Theyoftenbeginwithwordslike:Why How Who WhatExamples:Whydidthecharactermakethatchoice?Howdidtheeventchangethestory?Whatdoyouthinkwillhappennext?Open-Endedvs.Closed-EndedQuestionsOpen-EndedQuestionsClosed-EndedQuestionsCannotbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”Canbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”AskforexplanationoropinionAskforafactorconfirmationExample:

Whyshouldweprotectcoralreefs?Example:

Docoralreefsliveinwater?WhatdidAndrewdoafterhelosthisgoggles?HowdidAndrewfeelwhenheswamwiththeseaturtle?Herfatherworkedforthegovernment'sfisheriesdepartment,andhehelpedtomanagethesevenmarineparksoffthecoastofthecountry.Camila'sfatherinvitedhertovisitoneoftheparkswithhim.Inthreeweeks,20,000peoplein38countriessignedCamila'spetition."Youhavemadeadifference,"Camila'sfathersaid.Tobeinchargeoforganizingorrunningsomething,suchasaplace,project,orgroupofpeople.manageToasksomeonepolitelytocometoanevent,gosomewhere,ordosomethingwithyou.invitedTowriteyournameonadocument,letter,orpetitiontoshowthatyouagreewithitorthatitbelongstoyou.signedTohaveaneffectonasituationorperson,especiallyapositiveonethatchangesthingsforthebetter.differenceSupportsbiodiversity:Coralreefsandotherecosystemsarehomestohundredsofplantsandanimals.Protectshumansafety:Coralreefsshieldourshoresfrompowerfuloceanwaves.Medicalbenefits:Scientistscanfindnewmedicinesfromreefplantsandanimals.Stopsecosystemloss:Pollutionandoverfishingarealreadydestroyingcoralreefs.Iwanttoprotectcoralreefs,justlikeCamila:Theyarefullofcolorfullife,suchasfishandseaturtles,andarebeautifultoexplore.Theyarecriticalforoceanhealthandhumansafety.Withoutprotection,theywilldisappear,harmingthewholeoceanecosystem.CulturalCentreCoralsareinvertebrate(nospine)marineanimals.Therearemanydifferentkindsofcorals.Somecoralssecreteahardsubstance(calciumcarbonate)whichformshardframesinthereef.Acoralreefisactuallyacomplexcommunityofmarineplantsandanimals.Somescientistscallcoralreefstherainforestsoftheseabecausetheysupportalargevarietyofplantsandanimals,havedifferentlayers,andcontainhundredsofspecieslivinginsymbiotic(cooperative)relationships.Coralreefsfacemanynaturalthreats,suchasdamagefromhurricanesorfromnaturalpredators.CulturalCentre

Coralreefsaregenerallyabletorecoverfromdamagecausedbythesenaturalthreats.However,astheyaredamagedmoreandmorebyhumanactivities,theyareweakerandlessabletorecover.Coralreefsfacemanythreatsfromhumanactivity.Somethreatsareverycomplicatedandwilltakeinternationalcooperationtosolve,e.g.thefragileecosystemscannotwithstandevensmallchangesinoceantemperature.AstemperaturesriseonEarthandinitsoceans,reefsaredamaged.Otherthreatsarerelativelysimpletoprotectagainst,e.g.shipsthatdropanchoronreefsdamagethem,sorulesthatprohibitdroppinganchorinparksandotherreefareascanhelpprotectthereefs.Camila'sJourneyCamilalivedinBelizeCityonthecoastofBelizeinCentralAmerica.Herfatherworkedforthegovernment'sfisheriesdepartment,andhehelpedtomanagethesevenmarineparksoffthecoastofthecountry.Oneday,Camila'sfatherinvitedhertovisitoneoftheparkswithhim."I'mgoingtoGlover'sReefthisweekend,"heexplained."Wouldyouliketojoinme?""Ofcourse!"shesaid.

DuringtheirflighttothecoastaltownofDangriga,Camila'sfatherexplainedthatGlover'sReefwasontheedgeoftheBelizeBarrierReef,oneofthelargestcoralreefsystemsintheworld.Hundredsoffishandcoralspecieslivedinthesereefs.Hesaidthatmanycoralreefsaroundtheworldweredyingfrompollutionandoverfishing.FromDangriga,Camilaandherfathertookatwo-hourboatridetoGlover'sReef.

Camila'sexcitementgrewastheynearedasmallislandwithitsbeautifulcoastlineandturquoisewater."We'llsnorkelthroughtheparktomorrow,"herfathersaid.Thenextmorning,Camilaandherfatherputontheirgogglesandenteredthebluewatersofthepark.ThebeautyandvarietyoftheunderwaterworldastonishedCamila.Hundredsofbutterflyfish,parrotfish,andseahorsesdartedaroundher.

Shewatchedseaturtlesandmantaraysglideamongtherainbow-coloredcoral.Camilasawhowtheplantsandanimalsofthereeflivedtogetherperfectly.Shetookmanypictureswithherfather'sunderwatercamera.Itwasthemostexcitingexperienceofherlife.

Astheyleftthewater,Camilaandherfatherheardaloudnoise.Theyturnedandsawalargespeedboatfilledwithtouristsracingtowardthereefarea."They'llscarethefish!"shoutedCamila."There'snothingwecando,"saidherfather."They'rejustoutsideoftheparkborder.'

Camilawatchedtheboatcontinuealongtheborderandthenspeedaway.Shewasangryandupset.Atlunch,Camilawasveryquiet.Whenshefinishedeating,sheturnedtoherfather."I'mgoingtodosomethingforourplanet'scoralreefs,"shesaid."Weneedtohelpthem."

BackinBelizeCity,Camilaspoketoherclassaboutcoralreefs."InGlover'sReef,Ilearnedthatcoralreefsareanimportantpartofouroceanbiome,becausetheyarehomesforhundredsofkindsofanimalsandplants.Theyarewonderfulplacestoseethebeautyofouroceanscloseup.Myfathertaughtmethatcoralreefskeepourshoressafefrompowerfulwaves,andthatscientistscanfindnewmedicinesfromplantsandanimalsthatlivethere.

Whenshegothome,CamilacreatedapetitionontheInternet.Itread:Governmentsoftheworld,pleasehelptheocean'scoralreefs.Keepourcoralreefssafeandhealthyforeveryone.Inthreeweeks,20,000peoplein38countriessignedCamila'spetition.Withinoneyear,threecountriespassedlawstoprotecttheircoralreefs.

"Youhavemadeadifference,Camila,"saidherfather."Thankyou!Thecoralreefsoftheworldthankyou,too."

Yes,Iwould.Becausecoralreefsarevitalforoceanlifeandhumansafety,andCamilaprovedthatevenastudentcanmakeabigimpactbyspeakingupandstartingapetition.Iwanttohelpprotectourplanetjustlikeshedid.Sheraisedawarenessamongherclassmates.Shestartedapetitiontosavetheworld'sreefs.Twentythousandpeoplein38countriessignedit.Grammar03CoreConceptBothtensesrefertopastactions,buttheyareusedindifferentcontexts:PresentPerfectconnectsthepastactiontothepresent.SimplePastdescribesanactionthathappenedataspecifictimeinthepastandisnowfinished.KeyDifferencesPresentPerfectSimplePastTimeisunspecified

ornotimportant.Timeisspecified

orclearlyknown.Actionhaspresentrelevance

orresult.Actioniscompletelyfinished

inthepast.Oftenusedwith:

ever,never,already,yet,just,recently,for,sinceOftenusedwith:

yesterday,lastweek,ago,in2020,when,thenExample:

She

hascreated

awebsite.

(Wedon'tknowwhen;thewebsitelikelystillexists.)Example:

She

created

awebsite

lastyear.

(Specifictime;actionisover.)FormComparisonTenseFormExamplePresentPerfecthave/has+pastparticipleHe

hascreated

anewapp.SimplePastverb+ed(regular)/irregularpastformHe

created

anewapp

yesterday.Communicate04BrigitteRicardoSophieToruWhatDoes“Need”Mean?Needexpressessomethingthatisnecessaryorrequired.Weuseittotalkabout:Thingswemusthave(物品)Thingswemustdo(行动)HowtoUse“Need”inQuestionsStructure:What+do/does+[person]+need+for/to...?Examples:WhatdoIneedformytrip?TwoStr