托福高分范文：森林灭火的效果

托福高分范文：森林灭火的效昊

托福综合写作试题

WritingBasedonReadingandListening

Directions:Forthistask,youwillreadapassageaboutanacademictopicandyou

willlistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouread

andlisten.

Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoaquestionthatasksyouabouttherelationship

betweenthelectureyouheardandthereadingpassage.Trytoanswerthe

questionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformationfromthereadingpassageand

thelecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyourpersonalopinion.You

mayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmayuseyournotesto

helpyouanswerthequestion.

Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe150to225words.Yourresponsewillbe

judgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthecompletenessandaccuracyofthe

content.

Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthepassage.Thenlistentothelecture.Then

allow20minutestoplanandwriteyourresponse.

Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.

READING

Overthe20thCentury,wildernessmanagementhasexperiencedremarkable

advancement,partlyowingtotheeffectivepracticeoffiresuppression.Inmost

cases,aircraftsareusedtomonitorforestsforsmallbrushfires.Meanwhile,with

thehelpofhugeamountsofwaterandsophisticatedchemicalfireextinguishers,

thespreadoffirescouldbewellprevented.

Factually,therearemultiplepurposesofreducingthedestructioncausedbyforest

fires.Oneofthemissimplytoimprovethehealthoftreesandmakethemlive

longer.Forinstance,insomepartsofhickoryandoakforestontheEastern

Seaboard,firesuppressionhasallowedthematurationofsomanytreesthatthe

densetreetopsformagiganticcanopy.

Besides,evidenceofthehealthfulinfluenceoffiresuppressioncouldalsobefound

closertotheground.Whenforestfiresarerestrained,vinesandlowbushes,which

wouldhavebeenburntout,canflourish.Infact,firesdoharmtoplantlifein

anotherwaythatseemsmoreindirect.Certainchemicaltestsonareasrecently

attackedbyforestfiresindicatethattheoverallamountofnutrientsinthesoilis

decreasedbyburning.Iffiresaresuppressed,suchadecreasewillbepreventedso

thatferns,wildflowersandherbscangrowwithoutdisturbance.

Finally,thefire-preventingmeasurealsobenefitswildlife.Withitsefficient

implementation,ahugevarietyofanimalsinthewesternoakforest,rangingfrom

smallInsectsandbirdstolargedeerandbears,arenotkilledbyflres.Asaresult,

theirpopulationcanbetremendouslyenlarged.Toillustrate,thetotalnumberof

deerinhabitingherehasincreasednotably.

LISTENING

NowplayTrack7

Professor:

Asforestfiresweregenerallyconsideredtoberatherdestructive,people

responsibleforwildernessmanagementhavemadegreateffortstoputthem

undercontrol.However;itturnsoutthatinsteadofprotestingtheforests,fire

suppressionmayproducenegativeimpactsontheminthelongrun.

Let*sbeginwiththelightproblems.Weallknowthatthehealthofoakscannever

dowithouttheassimilationofenoughsunlight.Ifsometreeshavebecomeoverly

thick,littlelightwillreachtheforestfloor.Yetyoungoaksbadlyneedlightinorder

togrowproperly.Itisduetothelackoflightthatnewoaksaren'tmaturingfast

enoughtoreplaceolderones.What'sworse,othertreespeciesthatdon'trequire

somuchlight,suchasmaples,mightbeinvadingoakforestsandcompetingfor

resource.

Additionally,competitionproblemsexistclosertothegroundaswell.Inthepast,

forestfires,bothnaturalandartificial,usedtoburnoffsomeoftheground-level

plantsbeforetheygrowintohugethickets.Withoutthedisturbanceoffires,now

theseplantsmayrunwildovertheforestfloor.Needlesstosay,suchasituation

alsomeansthatitisexceptionallydifficultforyoungtreesandothernativeplants

tolivelongerandstronger.

Next,wecometotheIncreaseInthenumberofdeer.Althoughthispartiallyresults

fromtheeffectivepreventionofforestfiresandpartiallyfromlimitationson

hunting,thereisonethingthatshouldnotbeneglected,thatis,deerenjoyeating

theleavesoffoaksaplings.Therefore,ifanoakseedlingdoesmanagetogetagood

start,despitethelackoflightandcompetitionsfromotherplants,itislikelytobe

killedwithitsleavesbeingeatenbythedeer.

Question

Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheyoppose

specificpointsmadeinthereadingpassage.Youmustfinishyouranswerin20

minutes.

托福综合写作范文

Thissetofmaterialsfocusonthedebateovertheeffectsoffiresuppression.The

lecturerpresentsthecontradictoryideathatthismeasuremaynotbeasbeneficial

asthewriterconceives.

First,thepassagestressesitseffectivenessinmakingtreeslivebetter.Conversely,

thespeakerarguesthattheovergrowthofoldertreeswillhinderenoughsunlight

fromreachingyoungplantsandinterrupttheirmaturation.Therefore,insteadof

invigoratingtheforest,firesuppressionwillunderminethehealthoftrees,which

rebutsthewriter'spoint.

Second,thepassageowestheflourishingoflowersheightplantstofireelimination.

Intheauthor'sopinion,withoutthedamageofburning,nutrientsinthesoilwillbe

betterpreserved.Nonetheless,suchaconceptionisopposedbytheprofessor;who

believesthattheabandonedgrowthofground-levelplantswilldisturbthegrowth

ofyoungtreesduetointensifiedcompetition.

Third,asIsassertedbytheauthor,thankstofiresuppression,thepopulationof

animalsinhabitingtheforest