托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编2

托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编2

一、听力写作（本题共2题，每题1.0分，共2分。）

1、WritingBasedonReadingandListeningDirections:Forthistask,youwillreada

passageaboutanacademictopicandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.

Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoa

questionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthe

readingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformation

fromthereadingpassageandthelecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyour

personalopinion.Youmayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmay

useyournotestohelpyouanswerthequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe

150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthe

completenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthe

passage.Thenlistentothelecture.Thenallow20minutestoplanandwriteyour

response.Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.ReadingYouwillhave3minutesto

readthepassage.Theterm"database"isoneofthemanyincreasinglycommonwords

dealingwithtechnologycoinedinourtime.Thetermreferstoanorganizedcollectionof

data.Thedataistypicallyorganizedtomodelrelevantaspectsofrealityinawaythat

supportsprocessesrequiringthisinformation.Themodernmedicalfieldinparticularhas

benefitedagreatdealfromthisinnovation.Traditionally,medicaldatawasusually

recordedonpaper,whichnaturallyrequiredanadequatesupplyofpaperandenough

spaceforitsstorage.So,hospitalshadtospendalotofmoneyonpurchasingthepaper,

havingitdelivered,andstoringit.Inaddition,paperwasmadefromprocessedwood,and

wasnotenvironmentallyfriendly.Thankfully,duetotheadvancementsinrecord-keeping

technology,ifwcneedtolookupapatient'smedicalhistory,there'snoneedtowaste

timeandenergystoringandreferencingpaperrecords;wecansimplysearchadatabase

tofindtherequiredinformation.Inthisway,computer-baseddatabasesofmedical

recordsaremoreeconomicalandefficientthantraditionalpaperrecords.Precisionisa

necessityinthemedicalfield,asanytinymistakecouldbecomelife-threatening.The

traditionalwayofdocumentingmedicalrecordsonpaperincreasedtheprobabilityof

handwrittenmistakes.Conversely,whenmedicalrecordsarestoredinadatabase,all

recordsareentereddirectlyintocomputers,andthecomputersprocessthewhole

messageatonce.Thiseliminatescommonhandwritingmistakesandindoingso,leadsto

bettermedicalcareforpatients.Noadvancedmedicalaccomplishmentscanbeachieved

withoutyearsofresearch.However,researchrequiresnumerousexperimentsandthe

resultingquantitiesofdatacanbedifficultforhumanscoanalyzeontheirown.Withthe

assistanceofmedicaldatabasesandmoderncomputingpower,scientistscananalyze

thesevaststoresofdataingreaterdepthandwithgreaterspeedthaneverbefore,which

canleadtomedicalbreakthroughsthatbenefitallofhumanity.Thenyouwillhear:Now

listentopartofalectureonthetopicyoujustreadabout.Lecture

QuestionSummarizethepointsmadeinthe

lectureyoujustheard,explaininghowtheycastdoubtonpointsmadeinthereading

passage.

标准答案：Inthereadingpassage,theauthormentionsthat"database"meansan

organizedcollectionofdataanditparticularlybenefitsmodernmedicineinmanyways.

Theprofessordisagrees,andpointsoutflawswiththecomputerizeddatabaseapproach.

First,thereadingsuggeststhattheuseofpaperformedicalrecordsisinefficient,

expensive,andbadfortheenvironment;incontrast,theuseofdatabasestostoremedical

recordsismoreeconomicalandefficient.Counteringthisargument,theprofessorsays

thatdoctorsareusedtojottingdowntheirfindingsonpaper,anditisinconvenientfor

themtologontoacomputerandtypeindatathatcouldhavebeenwrittenbyhandmuch

faster.Thenextpointinthereadingisthattraditionally,medicaldatawasrecordedby

hand,andwaspronetolife-threateningerrorsjustbecauseofsloppyhandwritingbeing

misread.Ontheotherhand,theprofessorargues,digitalmedicaldatabaseswilldolittle

tosolvethisproblem.Hepointsoutthatmostdoctorshavenursesorassistantstranscribe

theirhandwrittennotesintocomputersanyway,meaningthelikelihoodofhandwriting

beingmisreadisstillquitehigh.Finally,theauthorsuggeststhatmedicalrecord

databasesaremuchmoreconvenientforongoingscientificresearch,asthisinformation

ismoreeasilyaccessibleforanalysis.Butinthelecture,il'spointedoutthatmedical

recordsareconfidentialbylaw,somostresearcherswillneverhaveaccesstoinformation

onamedicaldatabaseanyway.Therefore,databasesarenothelpingtosolveanycurrent

problems.

知识点解析：对于医疗数据库是好是坏的问题，阅读文章认为它带来了很多好

处，比如电子数据库方便而环保，相对于纸质记录更不容易出错，以及易于被研究

者使用等。然而听力讲座中，教授却对这三点都进行了驳斥，认为这些方面恰恰也

是医疗电子数据库存在问题的地方。

2、WritingBasedonReadingandListeningDirections:Forthistask,youwillreada

passageaboutanacademictopicandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.

Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoa

questionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthe

readingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformation

fromthereadingpassageandthelecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyour

personalopinion.Youmayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmay

useyournotestohelpyouanswerthequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe

150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthe

completenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthe

passage.Thenlistentothelecture.Thenallow20minutestoplanandwriteyour

response.Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.ReadingYouwillhave3minutesto

readthepassage.Thesmilodons,atypeofsabre-toothedtiger,despitehavingbeen

extinctforthousandsofyears,neverthelesscontinuetoattractmuchscientificresearch.

Recentlythequestionofwhethertheyweresocialanimalsornothasarousedaheated

debate.Asfarasweareconcerned,theybelongtothesocialanimalclassification,which

isexplainedinthefollowingparagraphs.First,smilodonslivedinbothSouthandNorth

Americafrom1.8millionto100,000yearsago,andthroughobservingfossilsfromthat

period,scientistsfoundevidencethatsomesmilodonswerewoundedbutstillmanagedto

survive.Thisraisesanobviousquestion:Withoutthecompanyofothermembers,how

couldthewoundedsmilodonssurvive?Thewoundedtigersneededothermembersofthe

packtohuntforthemandtendtotheirwounds.Fossilssuggestthatsmilodonsarcsocial

animals.Second,smilodonfossilsdiscoveredintheRheaKapoortarpitinLosAngeles

reflectasceneoftheirjointhuntingatthattime.Anherbivorewascaughtinthestickylar

pitandonthevergeofdying,andbeganattractingmanyhungrypredatorssuchas

smilodons.However,duringtheprocessofcapturingandeatingthewoundedbeaststuck

inthetar,manysmilodonswerealsotrappedinthegooeymessanddiedtogetherasa

group.Third,livingandhuntingtogetherwouldhaveimprovedsmilodons'competitive

advantages.Thoughnowadaysmosttigersliveandhuntalone,smilodonswerequite

different.Livinginatimeperiodwherethenaturalenvironmentwasharshandgamewas

limited,smilodonshadtocooperatewitheachothertohuntsuccessfully,andinturn

surviveasaspecies.Thenyouwillhear:Nowlistentopartofalectureonthetopicyou

justreadabout.LectureQuestionSumiTiarizethepoints

madeinthelectureyoujustheard,explaininghowtheycastdoubtonpointsmadeinthe

readingpassage.

标准答案：Thereadinghypothesizesthatsmilodons,theextinctsabre-toothedtiger,

wereinfactsocialanimals.Theprofessordiscountstheevidencegiven,claimingthat

noneofitsufficientlyprovesthesmilodonwasasocialanimal.First,thereadingclaims

thatwoundedsmilodonswerestillabletosurvive,andthiswouldhavebeenvirtually

impossiblewithouttheaidandprotectionofothertigerswithinapack.Theprofessoris

unconvinced,andsaysthatsmilodonsweresuchpowerfulandtenaciousanimalsthat

eventhewoundedcouldsurvivebyscavengingforcorpsesleftbehindbyotherpredators.

Additionally,evenwoundedsmilodonscouldhavesurvivedinharshconditionsdueto

theirnaturalhardinessandphysicalresilience.Next,thereadingsuggeststhatfossils

foundintheRheaKapoortarpitinCaliforniaindicateagroupofsmilodonsalldrowned

inthetarwhiletryingtosurroundandfeedonawoundedherbivore.Insteadofagreeing

thattheydiedtogetherasapack,theprofessorpositsthatmanyindividualsmilodons

becamestuckinthemuckatdifferenttimes,whiletryingtogettothewoundedprey.

Last,thepassagedescribesthenaturaladvantagesofsmilodonscooperatingasapack.

Theprofessordisagrees,andsaysthatsmilodonswereevolvedperfectlytortheirharsh

environment,withstrong,furredbodiesandlongsharpteethforhunting.Theyneededno

helpinsurvivingsolo.

知识点解析：针对剑齿虎是否是群居动物，阅读文章认为它是，并提出三点理

由：首先，受伤的剑齿虎存活下来可能得益于其他同伴的帮助；其次，化石上发现

了一群剑齿虎留下的信息；最后，恶劣的生存环境使它们必须群体生活。而听力认

为这三点论述都是不成立的。

二、常规写作（本题共2题，每题7.0分，共2分。）

3、WritingBasedonKnowledgeandExperienceDirections:Forthistask,youwill

writeanessayinresponsetoaquestionthatasksyoutostate,explain,andsupportyour

opiniononanissue.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.

Youressaywillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludesthedevelopment

ofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthe

languageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Youhave30minutestoplanandcompleteyour

essay.Writeyouressayinthespaceprovided.QuestionDoyouagreeordisagreewith

thefollowingstatement?Therulesthatsocietiestodayexpectyoungpeopletofollowand

obeyarctoostrict.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

标准答案：Socialrulesplayanimportantroleineverysociety,butwhetherornotthe

rulesforyoungpeoplearereasonablecanbecontroversial.Somepeoplebelievethat

socialrulesforyoungpeopletodayaretoostrict,whileothersthinktheyarereasonable.I

believethatsocialrulesforyoungpeoplearenotonlyreasonable,butgood,becausethey

helpyoungpeoplebehavethemselvesandpreventthemfromhurtingthemselves.First

andforemost,socialrulesexistasawaytoinstructyoungpeopleinproperconduct.For

example,societyexpectsyoungpeopletogotoschooleverydayandspendmostofiheir

daystudying-thisistohisorherownbenefit.Ifthisruledidn'texist,youngpeople

mightwastealltheirtimeplayingvideogamesorparticipatinginotherunimportant

activitiesinsteadofspendingtheirtimelearninghowtoread,write,anddomathematics.

Inthisway,socialruleshelpyoungpeopletousetheirtimewellandmakegood

preparationsforthefuture.Anotherreasonthatsocialrulesaregoodforyoungpeopleis

thattheyprotectthemfromhurtingthemselves.Ashasalwaysbeenthecase,young

peopletodayarelikelytomakefoolishdecisionsiftheydonothaverulesthatsetclear

boundariesfortheirbehaviors.Forexample,manystudentstodaygetinvolvedindrugs.

Withoutrulesagainstthesesubstances,evenmorestudentswouldtrythesethings.Drugs

candolong-termdamagetoyoungpeople'sfuturesbecausetheirmindsandbodiescan

beseverelydamaged;someevendiefromoverdosing.Socialrulesshouldthereforenot

beseenasstrictandrestrictive,butasgoodguidesforyoungpeoplethatareinplaceto

helpboththeindividualaswellassocietyasawhole.Sinceyoungpeopletodayareboth

helpedandprotectedbysocialrules,Idonotbelievetherulesareoverlystrict.Young

peopleshouldbethankfulfortheserulesratherthancomplainaboutthem.

知识点解析：“社会规则''一词听上去非常高大上，无从下手。但是我们只要把它

和我们的生活联系起来题目就会变得容易多了。“未成年人禁止进入网吧”，“禁止

吸食毒品”，“中高考的设置”等等都是社会规则。这些规则看似很严格，却是十分

合理和有必要的。如果没有这些规则的约束，年轻人在自控力不强的情况下很容易

走错路。

4、WritingBasedonKnowledgeandExperienceDirections:Forthistask,youwill

writeanessayinresponsetoaquestionthatasksyoutostate,explain,andsupportyour

opiniononanissue.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.

Youressaywillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludesthedevelopment

ofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthe

languageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Youhave30minutestoplanandcompleteyour

essay.Writeyouressayinthespaceprovided.QuestionDoyouagreeordisagreewith

thefollowingstatement?Yourjobhasmoreeffectonyourhappinessthanyourliving

environmentdoes.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

标准答案：Foratrulypeacefulexistence,apersonneedsbothacomfortableand

satisfyingcareer,aswellasahappylivingenvironment.However,one'sliving

environmentisprobablymoreimportantforcontentmentthanone'sjob,becausepeople

spendfarmoretimeathomethantheydoatwork,anditiseasiertochangejobsthan

livingenvironments.Onewayofjudgingtheimpactacertainfactorhasonourlivesisby

lookingathowmuchtimewespendexposedtoitInthissense,there'snocontest

betweenthecareerandlivingenvironment:eventhehardest-workingemployeesstil'

spendthemajorityoftheirtimeathome.Evenifproblemsoccuronthejob,mostpeople

trytoputthoseproblemsasidewhentheygettotheirhouseorapartment.Peopleeat,

sleep,bondwithfriendsandfamily,