Unit 4 Exploring poetry 讲义（下）-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版2020选择性必修第一册

M4U4ExploringpoetryII趣味导入◎课文语法填空根据P44-45教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Poetryisa1._______(combine)of“sound”and“sense”.Ifyouwanttorevealthehiddendimension,thefollowingmethodsshould2._______(adopt).First,evenifitstruemeaningappearstobe3._______yourgrasp,youcanalwayssaysomethingabouthowthepoemsoundswhenyoureaditaloud.Youcandetectarhythm,repeatedwords,rhymesandotherspecialeffects.Second,approachthepoemasifyou4._______(be)anexplorerinanunfamiliarlandscape.Asksomebasicquestionsaboutthepoem,suchas5._______istalkingandwhoisbeingtalkedtoandsoon.Third,be6._______(patience)ifyouarestrugglingtointerpretthemeaningofapoem.Setthepoemasideandcomebacktoitlater,thenyoucanmakeyourgreatdiscovery.Poemsthat7._______(constant)revealdeeperandpreviouslyunrecognizedmeaningsaremoreinteresting.Finally,whenyouabandonlogicalthinking,youcandiscoveritsinnerbeauty.Itisworth8._______(make)effortstoperceiveanotherlevelofmeaning.Onlyinthese9._______(way)canyouenjoyyourjourneyofthepoetry,becausepoetry’scombinationof“sound”and“sense”makesyouseetheworldinanewwayandallowsyou10._______(go)beyondnormalrealityfortheeverlastingbeauty.【答案】1.combination2.beadopted3.beyond4.were5.who6.patient7.constantly8.making9.ways10.togo答案：答案：1.novelist;novel2.industrialization;industry;industrial3.belief;believe;believable4.characterize;character;characteristic5.glorious;glory6.stability;stable;stably7.tolerant;tolerance;tolerate8.representative;represent;representation9.fascinate;fascinated;fascinating;fascination知识典例语言知识初探根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词_________n.小说家→_________n.（长篇）小说adj.新奇的_________n.工业化→_________n.工业；行业→_________adj.工业的；产业的_________n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→_________v.相信；认为真实→_________adj.可信的_________vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→_________n.特性；品质；符号；人物→_________n.特点；特性；品质adj.典型的；特有的_________adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→_________n.光荣；荣誉；赞颂；壮丽_________n.稳定（性），稳固（性）→_________adj.稳定的；沉稳的→_________adv.稳定地_________adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→_________n.宽容；容忍；忍耐力→_________v.容忍，允许_________adj.典型的，有代表性的n.典型人物，代表性人物；代表→_________vt.展现；展示；代表→_________n.描述；表现_________vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住→_________adj.极感兴趣的；入迷的→_________adj.迷人的→_________n.魅力；极大的吸引力；入迷根据提示补全下列短语berepresentativeof...代表某人/某物，是某人/某物的代表keepone’shead保持头脑清醒contributeto...导致；促成；捐款；投稿 familiarizeoneselfwith...谙熟于心themajorityof...大多数的 becharacterizedby...以为特色 berootedin...植根于……forfearof...唯恐……stickout醒目，突出inone'seyes在某人看来 重点知识点解析eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)advocatevt.拥护，支持，提倡n.[C]拥护者，支持者(教材P48)Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.相反，他们提倡回归自然。【用法详解】advocate(doing)sth.提倡（做）某事，主张（做）某事advocate+that从句提倡/主张……（从句谓语用“should+动词原形”）anadvocateof/for...……的拥护者/支持者如：Manyexpertsadvocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings(should)befittedwithsmokedetectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。anadvocatefor/ofhospitalworkers医院工作人员的支持者【即时巩固】单句语法填空1.他提倡把学生按能力分班，因需施教。Headvocatesstreaming(stream)children,andeducatingthemaccordingtotheirneeds.2.Hewasanadvocateofuniversalsuffrageasabasisforsocialequality.他提倡普选权，认为这是社会公平的基础。知识要点2beliefn.[sing.,U]看法，信念；[C,usupl.]信仰;；[U]相信，信心(教材P48)Thepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.诗人们也写自己的感情和信念。【用法详解】beyondbelief令人难以置信havebeliefin...相信……；对……怀有信心belief+that从句同位语从句……看法；……信念religious/politicalbeliefs宗教/政治信仰如：Iadmirehispassionatebeliefinwhatheisdoing.我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。beliefinGod/democracy对上帝/民主的笃信Sheactedinthebeliefthatshewasdoinggood.她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。Contrarytopopularbelief,hewasnotresponsibleforthetragedy.同大家的看法相反，对这出悲剧没有责任。Thereisageneralbeliefthatthingswillsoongetbetter.大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。【归纳拓展】词性转换：disbeliefn.[U]不信，怀疑常见搭配indisbelief怀疑地（2）believev.相信；认为……为实→believableadj.可信的→unbelievableadj.难以置信的如：Hestaredatmeindisbelief.他满腹疑惑地盯着我。Herexplanationcertainlysoundedbelievable.她的解释听起来的确可信。【即时巩固】单句语法填空Thisbookisfullofbelievable(believe),interestingcharacters.(2021届高三苏北七市三模)InaChinesegarden,astrongbeliefinasenseofunitywithnatureisrequired.知识要点3claimv.,n.(教材P50)Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim...显得更诱人、更美丽……【用法详解】(1)n.[C]声称，断言；索款，索赔常见搭配putin/makeaclaimfor...提出……的赔偿要求；要求……的赔偿如：Youcanmakeaclaimon根据yourinsurancepolicy.你可按保险单索赔。toputinaclaimforanallowance提出领取津贴的要求【用法详解】(2)vt.声称，宣称，断言常见搭配claimthat...声称……claimtodosth.声称做某事如：Heclaims(that)hewasnotgivenafairhearing.他声称他未得到公正的申述机会。Idon'tclaimtobeanexpert.我不敢自称为专家。【用法详解】(3)vt.&vi.索要，索取；vt.认领，索取常见搭配claimsth.fromsb.(forsth.)（因……）向某人索要……claimsth.back索回某物如：Sheclaimeddamagesfromthecompanyfortheinjuryshehadsuffered.她因受伤向公司要求获得损害赔偿金。【用法详解】(4)vt.（灾难、事故等）夺走，夺去（生命）如：Thecarcrashclaimedthreelives.那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。【即时巩固】单句语法填空Youcanclaimbackthetaxonyourpurchases.你可以要求退回购物时缴纳的税款。Heclaimedthatitwasallaconspiracyagainsthim.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。Imakenoclaim自认为不……tounderstand(understand)modernart.我自认为不懂现代艺术。知识要点4tolerantadj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的(教材P54)ThisopenandtolerantinclusiveatmosphereallowedLiBaithelibertytodevelopafreeandunconstrainedpersonality,which,inturn继而；反过来；依次,hadahugeimpactonhispoeticproduction.这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。【用法详解】betolerantof...容忍，忍受；（植物、动物、机器）对……有耐受性如：Theyneedtobetolerantofdifferentpointsofview.他们需要容忍不同的观点。Theplantsaretolerantoffrost.这些植物耐霜。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）tolerancen.宽容；容忍；忍耐力（2）toleratev.容许，允许（不同意或不喜欢的事物）；vt.容忍，包容（=putupwith...）；vt.耐……常见搭配toleratedoingsth.容忍/容许做某事如：Sherefusedtotoleratebeingcalledaliar.她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。知识要点5distinguishv.(教材P54)EquallyimpressiveisLiBai’sfreeexpressionofstrongfeelings,whichbreathesvitalityintothelifelessobjectshedescribes,andwhichdistinguisheshimfromotherlandscapepoets.同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。【用法详解】(1)vt.成为……的特征，使有别于；vt.&vi.区分，分清常见搭配distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB区分A和B如：Atwhatagearechildrenabletodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong?儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？Itwashardtodistinguishonetwinfromtheother.很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。Whatwasitthatdistinguishedherfromherclassmates?是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？【用法详解】(2)vt.使出众；使著名；使受人青睐常见搭配distinguishoneself(as/bysth.)（作为/因……）杰出，著名如：Shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.作为运动员她已享有盛名。【用法详解】(3)vt.看清；认出；听出（不用于进行时）（=makeout）如：Icouldnotdistinguishherwords,butshesoundedagitated.我听不清她说的话，但听得出她很紧张不安。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）distinguishableadj.隐约可辨的；可区分的（2）distinguishedadj.著名的。杰出的；高贵的常见搭配bedistinguishedforsth.=befamousforsth.因……而著名如：Heisdistinguishedforhisknowledgeofphysics.他因物理学方面的渊博学识而闻名于世。【即时巩固】单句语法填空TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage.中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。Themalebirdisdistinguishedfromthefemalebyitsredbeak.雄鸟喙呈红色，有别于雌鸟。知识要点6和7owe，debt(教材P54)Generationsofpoets,bothinChinaandabroad,oweadebttohisinspirationalpoems.他的诗篇滋养着中国乃至海外一代又一代诗人。【用法详解】(1)owevt.欠（债、账、情等）；归功于，归因于常见搭配owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠（债），欠（账），欠（情）；归因于，归功于……如：Shestillowesherfather￡3000.=Shestillowes￡3000toherfather.她还欠她父亲3000英镑。Youowemeafavour!你还欠我个人情呐！Ithinkyouoweusanexplanation.我认为你应当给我们一个解释。Heoweshissuccesstohardwork.他的成功是靠勤奋工作。【用法详解】(2)debtn.[C,usu.sing.]人情债，情义，恩情；[U]负债情况；[C]债务，欠款常见搭配oweadebtofgratitudetosb.感激某人；欠某人的情beinsb.'sdebt欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人beindebt负债（强调状态）↔beoutofdebt不负债（强调状态）go/get/run/fallintodebt陷入债务之中（强调动作）get/stayoutofdebt摆脱债务，不负债（强调动作）payoffone’sdebts还清某人的债务（强调动作）如：Ioweadebtofgratitudetoallmyfamily.我很感激我的全家人。IneedtopayoffallmydebtsbeforeIleavethecountry.我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。Wewerepoorbutwenevergotintodebt.我们穷是穷，但从不负债。Hediedheavilyindebt.他死时负债累累。【即时巩固】单句语法填空IknowIshallfeelforeverinher(she)debt.Peopleusedtorecoilfromtheideaofgetting(get)intodebt.Ithinkweareowed(owe)anapology.我认为得有人向我们道歉。知识要点8blamevt.责备；谴责，把……归咎于n.[U]责任，责备(教材P55)Ifyoucankeepyourheadwhenallaboutyou/Arelosingtheirsandblamingitonyou;如果周围的人失去理智，纷纷责难于你，而你能淡定处之；【用法详解】blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事blame...for(doing)sth.因（做）某事责备……betoblamefor(doing)sth.因（做）某事应受责备；对（做）某事负有责任不定式用主动形式表被动含义take/beartheblameforsth.承担某事的责任lay/puttheblame(forsth.)on...把（某事的）责任归咎于……如：Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？WhydoIalwaysgettheblameforeverythingthatgoeswrong?为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅？【即时巩固】单句语法填空Iftheirforceswerenotinvolved,thenwhoistoblame(blame)?Shedoesn'tblameanyoneforherfather'sdeath.◎单元重点语法—非谓语动词非谓语动词常指动词不定式、动词-ing和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语插入语不定式√√√√√√√动名词（动词-ing）√√√√分词（动词-ing、动词-ed）√√√√√非谓语动词作主语（主宾不过分：分词<尤其是过去分词>不作主语或宾语）不定式作主语：指具体的一次性的动作（通常会用it作形式主语）→表将来含义结构一：Itis/was+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todosth.结构二：Itis/was+a/an+n.+todosth.结构三：Ittakes/took+(sb)+time/courage/patience,...+todosth.Itrequires/requiredcourage/patience/hardwork,...+todosth.动名词做主语：指一般的或抽象的多次性的动作，时间概念不强(1)常用句型：结构一：Itis+adj.(eg.good,funny,nice,worthwhile,interesting,etc)+doingsth.结构二：Itisno/any/somegood/use(in)doingsth.结构三：Thereisnopoint/use/good(in)doingsth.结构四：Thereisnodoingsth.“禁止做……”(2)动名词的复合结构（注意时态和语态）：形容词性物主代词+动名词名词所有格+动名词如：Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Mike’sreturningtoworkisagreathelptous.注意Doing+谓语动词+其他.It+谓语动词+...+todosth.（80%）非谓语动词作宾语不定式作宾语作及物动词的宾语（从一而终：动词形式后加todo作宾语，其名词形式后也是加todo）(1)决心学会想希望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishrefuse,manage,desire,pretendoffer,promise,choose,planagree,ask/beg,help如：Hehopestogotouniversitynextyear.他盼望来年上大学。Shefinallydecidedtogiveupthejob.她最后决定放弃那项工作。(2)it作形式宾语，构成“及物动词+it+adj./n.+(forsb)+todosth”结构，这类及物动词常见的有：think,find,believe,feel,make,consider。如：Herforeignidentitymakesithard(forher)tofindajobhere.作介词的宾语：不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但可在except和but后作宾语（前有“do”，后无“to”）；若在除二者之外的介词后作宾语，通常会加上特殊疑问词（宾语从句的省略）。如：They’retalkingabouthowtogetthere.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Wehavenothingtodobutwait.动名词作宾语作及物动词的宾语考虑建议盼原谅（consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon）承认推迟没得想（admit,delay/putoff,fancy）避免错过继续练（avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise）否认完成就欣赏（deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate）禁止想象才冒险（forbid,imagine,risk）不禁介意准逃亡（can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape）难以忍受始反对（can’tstand,setabout,objectto）想要成功坚持忙（feellike,succeedin,stickto/insiston,bebusy）习惯放弃有困难（beused/accustomedto,giveup,havedifficulty/trouble/problems<in>）导致专心防道款（leadto,devoteto,prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfrom,apologizefor）besurprisedat对……感到惊讶beproudof以……为骄傲beafraidof害怕……注意①allow,permit,forbid,advise等及物动词后直接加动名词（doing）作宾语；如果这些词后有名词或代词，则用todo作宾语。如：allowdoingsth.或allowsbtodosth.；②大部分能加名词作宾语的及物动词，也能加动名词（doing）作宾语（但expect,want等除外）；③主动表被动：need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedone。作介词的宾语：vi./adj.+介词短语+doing。其中，需特别注意介词to！补充含有介词to的固定搭配admitto,beequalto,devote...to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo开始沉湎于……；养成……的习惯,seeto,attendto,leadto,payattentionto,be/getused/accustomedto等。3、动名词的复合结构作宾语（注意时态和语态）：人称代词（宾格）+动名词形容词性物主代词+动名词名词所有格+动名词名词通格名词原形+动名词如：=1\*GB3①Itthebabysittercan’tcometomorrow,doyoumindFred’s/his/himbeingleftaloneathome,sleeping?=2\*GB3②Iknewnothingaboutthewindowbeingopen.非谓语动词作表语不定式表示将来或解释说明或动名词→对称结构注意对于不定式，如果主语部分有实义动词“do”，则作表语的不定式通常省“to”。如：Theonlythingyoucandoiswaitandsee.（前有“do”，后无“to”）分词：exciting和excited非谓语动词作定语注意完成式<tohavedone,tohavebeendone,havingdone,havingbeendone>不作定语！！作前置定语（单个单词→所以没有todo）→doing,done动名词（doing表功能，强调名词词性；没有beingdone）现在分词（doing表进行，强调动作；没有beingdone）过去分词（done表完成，强调动作）注意有些单个的过去分词在作定语时习惯后置，如：given,left,concerned有关的等。作后置定语→todo,tobedone;doing,beingdone;done不定式（表将来）*现在分词短语（doing表主动/进行；beingdone表被动且进行，“正在被……”）过去分词短语（done表被动且完成，“已经被……”）*解析不定式作后置定语：①中心词为抽象名词，由原本加不定式的及物动词或形容词派生而来。如：beabletodo...→abilitytodo...等。提示其中，中心词（ability）与todo具有隐含的同位关系，即不定式解释说明中心词的内容，此类词还有means,way等。②中心词+不定式(1)中心词逻辑主语+todo（表主谓关系），如：Weneedsomenursestolookafterchildren.（nurses→lookafterchildren）(2)中心词逻辑宾语+todo（表动宾关系），此结构为“主动表被动”。如：Ihavesomeheavybags(forme)tocarry.（someheavybags←carry）Ihavesomeproblems(forme)todealwith.（someproblems←dealwith）注意试比较以下2句话：Therearemanydifficultiestohandle.→可在不定式前加“forme”，说明困难是由“我”解决。Therearemanydifficultiestobehandled.→表示困难不是由“我”解决。=3\*GB3③中心词为不定代词，或被theonly/last/next/...,thefirst等序数词或最高级修饰时。如：Ihavenopenciltowritewith.Heisthefirstonetogettoschool.注意①非谓语动词为不及物动词，则只有现在分词的主动形式（过去分词表示动作已完成）；②非谓语动词为及物动词，则有2种情况：有名词或代词作宾语，用现在分词的主动形式。如：Theyliveinaroomfacingthesouth.若无宾语，则用被动语态。根据时态的不同，有3种情况：Themeetingtobeheldisveryimportant.“将被举办的”Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.“正在被举办的”Themeetingheldwasveryimportant.“已被举办的”非谓语动词作状语不定式作状语目的状语（句首/句中/句末通常不在“,”后）结果状语：①表示出乎意料的结果，onlytodo...②too...todo*和enough...todo注意(1)too后面的形容词表示“愿意，乐意”等含义时，too相当于very，主语常为人，表肯定含义。如：Sheistoo/verywillingtohelphim.她很愿意帮助他。(2)not/nevertoo...todo表示肯定含义，意为“并不太……所以能”。如：Heisnottoo太oldtodothework.他并不是太老，所以能做这项工作。(3)too...nottodo意为“太……而不得不”，为双重否定（即肯定）。如：Heistooangrynottosaythat.他太生气了，不得不说出那样的话。原因状语：be+表喜怒哀乐的adj.+todo...分词作状语 现在分词形式一般式：doing,beingdone过去分词形式done完成式：havingdone,havingbeendone作用作时间、条件、原因、结果、让步状语→状语从句作方式、伴随状语→并列分句作用作时间、条件、原因、让步状语→状语从句作方式、伴随状语→并列分句分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语：主谓关系→现在分词，动宾关系→过去分词；为使分词所表达的时间、让步、条件等更加明确，可以在非谓语前加适当的从属连词（如when/while,although,if,unless等；省去“主语同”和“谓语be”），构成“从属连词＋分词”的结构（状语从句的省略），但as,because,since引导的原因状语从句等除外。如：Although(hewas)livingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.注意分词的完成式作状语，表示分词动作先于主句动作发生。如：Havingsentthechildrentobed,shebegantostudy.（由主语定语态，由谓语定时态）非谓语动词作补语（及物动词<五看三使两听一感觉一发现半帮助>、with复合结构）不定式：表示全过程，或经常发生的动作现在分词：动作正在进行过去分词：和宾语是被动关系独立主格结构名词/代词主格+分词adj./adv./介词短语There/Itbeing+n./代/adj.With(out)复合结构√小试身手-用括号内词的适当形式填空1.（湖南高考改编）Whentheclerksawkindfacewrinkled(起皱纹)inanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground_________(wonder)whethertostayorleave.2.（2018·江苏七市联考）Thevillageevolvedintomajore-commercecenter,and_________(review)thepast,thevillagersowedtheirsuccesstothepolicyofreformandopening-up.3.Billsuggested_________(hold)asportsmeetingthenextmonth.4.（2019·江苏常州检测）Thestudy,fromacademicsatHarvard,claims_________(produce)thefirstclearevidenceshowingthatwhentemperaturesgoup,schoolperformancegoesdown.5.Difficultasthefinancialproblemis_________(solve),webelievetherearemoresolutionsthandifficulties.6.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_______(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.7.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewaspileofmail_________(wait)forher.8._________(be)ashygirl,sheneverdarestospeakinpublic.9.Passengersarepermitted_________(carry)onlyonepieceofluggagetotheplane.10.（2019·天津七校联考）Icouldn’tmakesenseofthepassage.Youmusthaveleftoutsomeimportantinformationwhile_________(copy)it.11.（2019·天津七校联考）_________(lose)hisschooluniforminthestadium,Davidrushedbacktogetitandanacquaintancehadtakenitaway.12.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.13._________(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.14._________(expose)tothesunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.15.（2018·浙江读后续写改编）Mydadandspentthenightintheguestroomofthefarmhouselisteningtothefrogsandwater_________(roll)downtherivernearby.16.LionelMessi,_________(set)therecordforthemostgoals(进球)incalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.17.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine_________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.18.Pleaseletme_________(know)wherethemeetingis_________(hold)tomorrow.19._________(lack)thesupportofthebanks,Mikemanagedtosavehiscompanywiththehelpofhisfriends.20.It’snouse_________(worry)aboutit.Youcan’tdoanythingtochangeit.【答案】1.wondering2.reviewing3.holding4.tohaveproduced5.tosolve6.making7.waitingBeing9.tocarry10.copying11.Havinglost12.doing13.Havingbeenasked14.Beingexposed15.rolling16.havingset17.toreduce18.know;tobeheld19.Lacking20.worrying强化练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空 (industrial)isthewaytosolvetheseeconomicproblems.

2.TheWorldEconomicForum'sreporthassome (strike)findingsonhowwewillworkinthefuture.

3.It'seasytofindRobert.Hisheightdistinguisheshim otherboys.

4.QiuYingisa (represent)painterintheMingDynasty.5.Weknowthatcarbonemissionfromhumanactivitiesarepartly (blame)forglobalwarming.【答案】1.Industrialization2.striking3.from4.representative5.toblameII.完成句子1.有时候读诗可能是一辈子的事情。

Sometimes canbealifelongjob.2.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。_____________________thejourneyofpoetryreading_____________________somethingorletsyouperceiveanotherlevelofmeaning,itwillhavebeenworthyoureffort.

3.那是一个许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人用新且不同的方式看待世界的时代。 manypainters,musicians,novelistsandpoetslookedattheworldinnewanddifferentways.

4.浪漫主义者的目标是破除18世纪的理想：他们拒绝遵循死板的规则，相反，他们把重点放在想象和感情、对自然的热爱和回归过去的重要性上。TheaimoftheRomanticswas_______ ______________theidealsofthe18thcentury:theyrefused____________________________.Instead,theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.

5.但我知道路径延绵无尽头,恐怕我难以再回返。Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,doubted .

6.据信这首诗是李白少年时写的。____________________________thispoemwaswrittenbyLiBaiinhisteenageyears.

7.这首早期的诗歌在表达方式上具有引人注目的想象力，如“恐惊天上人”，它已经显示出一种浪漫主义风格的迹象，这成为后来李白诗歌的特色。Withstrikingimaginationinexpressionslike“scaringdwellersonhigh”,thisearlypoemalreadydisplayedsignsofaromanticstyle, .

8.受对冒险和旅行的强烈渴望的驱使，李白在二十出头的时候离开了家，开始四处旅行。 ,LiBailefthomeandstartedtotravelaround .

9.在旅途中，他游览了名山大川，见识了不同的风俗习惯。Duringhistravels,hevisitedfamousmountainsandgreatrivers, .【答案】1.readingapoem2.Aslongas;makesyoufeel3.Itwasatimewhen4.tobreakwith;tofollowrigidrules5.ifIshouldevercomeback6.Itisbelievedthat7.whichwaslatertocharacterizeLiBai’spoetry8.Drivenbyaburningdesireforadventureandtravel;inhisearlytwenties9.encounteringdifferentcustomsandpracticesIII.阅读理解AToincreaseawarenessofagingproblemsintheInternationalcommunity,theUnitedNationsestablishedOct.1astheInternationalDayofOlderPersonsin1991.Manycountriesalsohavetheirownspecialdaysorfestivalstohonorseniorcitizens.Let'stakealookathowsomecountriescelebrateSeniors'Dayaroundtheworld.TheRepublicofKoreaTheRepublicofKoreaestablishedMay8asitsMothers'Dayin1956,andthenthedaywasmadeintoParents'Dayin1973.It'samajorfestivalinthecountry.Onthisday,childrenalwaysmakegreetingcardsandprepareflowersandgiftsfortheirparents.Childrenalsosalutetheirparentsinatraditionalmannerduringvisitsandthenpresenttheflowersandgifts.Afterthat,theywillsitwiththeirparentsforatalk.TheUnitedStatesThefirstSundayafterLaborDay（whichisthefirstMondayinSeptember）wassetasNationalGrandparentsDayin1978,whenJimmyCarterwaspresident.Onthisday,manycommunitiesintheUSwillholdvariousactivitiesfortheelderly.AsAmericanslovetraveling,manyseniorsalsoplanatriptogether.CanadaSeniors'Day,whichiscalledLaughterDay,fallsonJune21eachyearinCanada.Onthisday,childrenmaynotpresentprecioussouvenirsordeliciousfoodtotheseniors,insteadtheybringhumorandlaughter.AsforCanadians,laughteristhebestpresentforolderpeople.PolandPolandalsohasGrandparentsFestival,withtheGrandmotherFestivalonJan.21andtheGrandfatherFestivalonJan.22.Onthesetwodays,studentsinkindergartensandprimaryschoolswillinvitetheirgrandparentstoschoolandchildrenwillgivethemgiftstoshowrespect.Inaddition,youngparentswilltaketheirchildrentovisittheirgrandparents.InwhichcountrydoesSeniors’Daycomefirsteveryyear?A.TheRepublicofKorea. B.TheUnitedStates.C.Canada. D.Poland.22.WhataretheelderlyintheUSmostprobablydoingonSeniors'Day?A.Holdingvariousactivities. B.Travelingtogether.C.Talkingwithchildren. D.Visitingschools.23.WhatdotheseniorsinCanadavaluemostonSeniors'Day?A.Precioussouvenirs. B.Deliciousfood.C.Greetingcards. D.Humorandlaughter.BNaturalselectionisaharshquestioneratthebestoftimes.Butifyouwereabird,therewouldbeanextraquestion,notaskedsoforcefullybyanimalsthatcannotfly:"Isthatextragramofweightreallynecessary?"Contrarytotheinsult（辱骂）"bird-brained",birdsarenotnotably（显著地）morestupidthanmammals,butthepressuretokeeporgans（器官）lightappliestothebrainasmushasitdoestoanythingelse.Forthepastcentury,though,birdshavefacedanewenemythatmightrequirethemtogetsmarter:themotorcar.Thesedays,carsandothermotorizedvehicleskillaround250mbirdsayear.Thatsoundslikeasignificantselectivepressure,soAndersMoller,anevolutionary（进化论的）biologistattheParis-SudUniversity,inFrance,decidewhetheritreallywas.DrMoller'shypothesis（假设）wasthatavoidingvehiclesneedsintelligence,andintelligenceneedsabigbrain.Theconclusionofthissyllogism（三段论）isthatsmall-brainedbirdsaremorelikelytoberoadkillthanlarge-brainedbirds.Totestthisidea,though,heneededdataonalotofdeadbirds.Thatserendipityplaysapartinscienceisundeniable.Kekule'sdreamaboutcarbonatoms（原子）dancinginringsledtohismodelofthestructureofbenzene（苯）.DrMoller'sserendipitywastomeet,30yearsago,ataxidermistcalledJohannesErritzoe.MrErritzoehasduringhiscareer,exhaustively（详尽地）recordeddetailsofthespecimens（标本）thathavepassedthroughhishands.Thesedetailsincludetheweightoftheinternalorgans,andlikelycausesofdeath,of3,521birdspecimensof25species.Sincetheymeet,DrMollerandMrErritzoehavecooperatedonmanypapers.Thistime,theyaskedwhethertherewasadifferencebetweentheweightoftheorgansofbirdskilledbytrafficandofthosethathaddiedofothercauses.Theyfoundthatthesmallerabird'sbrain,themorelikelyitwastohavebeenroadkill.Some60%ofthesmallest-brainedbirdsMrErritzoehandledhaddiedthisway.Amongthelargest-brained,deathbytrafficwasunheardofAllthissuggestsaselectivepressureonbirdsinpartsoftheworldwithlotsoftraffictoacquirebiggerbrains,evenatthecostoftheextraenergyrequiredtokeeptheirbrainsairborne.Italsoleadstoaprediction,inafieldofscience--evolutionarybiology.Thisisthattheaverageweightofbirdbrainsmayriseovercomingdecades.WhetheranyonewithMrErritzoe'senthusiasmfordatacollectionwillprovidethemeanstotestthatpredictionis,though,adifferentquestion.24. Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A. Motorcarsarethemaincauseofbirddeath.B. Bothhumansandanimalsneedlightorgans.C. Birdsaremuchmorestupidthanotheranimals.D. Naturalselectionisthekeytothechanceofsurvival.25. Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4imply?A. Greatdiscoveriesalwayscomefromexperiments.B. Experimentsarereallyanecessarypartofscience.C. Unexpecteddiscoveriescanbemadewithgoodluck.D. Cooperationdoescontributetoscientificachievements.26. WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayDrMollerandMrErritzoeagreewith?A. Birds'brainsizedeterminestheirsurvivingability.B. Bodyweightplaysanimportantroleinbirds'survival.C. Thelargest-brainedbirdsaremorelikelytoberoadkill.D. Light-bodiedbirdsmovemorequicklytoavoidavehicle.27. Whatisthepredictioninevolutionarybiologyabout?A. Theriskofbeingkilledbycars.B. Thetrendofbirdbrainevolution.C. Thecostoftheextraenergyrequiredtoevolve.D. Theneedtobeprotectedfromnaturalenemies.CRumors（谣言）：we'veallheardsomeandwe'veallspreadsome.Inmoretraditionaltimestheyshookentirefamilies.Today,theycirculate（流传）differentlybecausethewayweshareinformationhasalsochanged.Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.Wedon'tenjoybeingonthereceivingendofone,sincetheyusuallydon'thavegoodintentions.Theyaresomewhatveiled（掩饰的）messages.Normallyrumorsareoralmessages:wordofmouth.Theparadox（自相矛盾）isthatthereisnoevidencetosupportrumors,butthemorepeopleshareit,themoretheyseeitastrue.Tofinishdefining（解释）rumors,wethinkthattheyfollowcertainveryclearlaws.Secrecy:Thesourceisunknown.Thereisalsoaprovenphenomenonthathumanbeingsusuallyforgetthesourceofamessagebeforetheyforgetitscontent.Certainty:Wehardlyquestionrumorssimplybecauseofthementaleffortinvolved.Ontheotherhand,noonelikestodoubtapersonwhoconvincesus