部编版初中英语八年级下册语法专项练习题及答案

部编版初中英语八年级下册语法专项练习题及答案第1页共1页部编版初中英语八年级下册语法专项练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Ifitissunnytomorrow,wewillgotothepark.Whatwilltheydoiftheweatherissunny?A.Theywillstayathome.B.Theywillgotothezoo.C.Theywillgotothepark.D.TheywillwatchTVathome.参考答案：C2.Thetrainisusuallylate,butitarrivedontimeyesterday.Whatwasdifferentyesterday?A.Thetrainwasfast.B.Thetrainwasexpensive.C.Thetrainarrivedontime.D.Thetrainwascrowded.参考答案：C3.Manypeopleareworriedaboutairpollution.Whatcanpeopledotoprotecttheenvironment?A.Theyshouldusemorecars.B.Theyshouldplantmoretrees.C.Theyshouldthrowawaymoretrash.D.Theyshouldusemoreplasticbags.参考答案：B4.Thetrainstationisusuallyfarfrompeople'shomes.Whyisitfarfrompeople'shomes?A.Itisnoisy.B.Itisdangerous.C.Itisconvenient.D.Itiseasytofind.参考答案：A5.Thetrainjourneycanbelong,butitisinteresting.Whatmakesthetrainjourneyinteresting?A.Thefoodisgood.B.Thesceneryisbeautiful.C.Thetrainisfast.D.Theticketsarecheap.参考答案：B6.Whatarethemainsymptomsoftheflu?A.Afever,acough,andasorethroat.B.Aheadache,astomachache,andarash.C.Acold,asorethroat,andarunnynose.D.Afever,asorethroat,andarunnynose.参考答案：A7.Howcanpeopleprotectthemselvesfromthesun?A.Theyshouldwearahatandsunglasses.B.Theyshouldstayinsideallthetime.C.Theyshouldswimintheocean.D.Theyshouldwearshortsandt-shirts.参考答案：A8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainproblemwithpublictransportation?A.Itistooexpensive.B.Itisnotreliable.C.Itisnotfast.D.Itisnotcomfortable.参考答案：B9.Accordingtothepassage,howcanpeoplereducetheircarbonfootprint?A.Theyshoulddrivemorecars.B.Theyshouldusemoreelectricity.C.Theyshouldusepublictransportation.D.Theyshouldbuymorethings.参考答案：C10.Thepassageincludesinformationaboutthebenefitsofrecycling.Whataresomebenefitsofrecycling?A.Itsavesmoney.B.Itreducespollution.C.Itcreatesjobs.D.Alloftheabove.参考答案：D二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.TheweatherinShanghaiisusually______insummerand______inwinter.参考答案：hot,cold2.Myfatheroftendrivestowork,buthepreferstotakethesubwaywhenthetrafficis______.参考答案：heavy3.Accordingtothereport,thenumberofpeoplewhousepublictransportationhasbeen______inrecentyears.参考答案：increasing4.Ifitisrainingtomorrow,wewillhaveto______thepicnic.参考答案：postpone5.Manypeopleareworriedaboutthepollutioninbigcities.Theythinkitis______tofindasolution.参考答案：important6.Thetrainisusuallylate,butitisalways______ontimeinthemorning.参考答案：ontime7.Thetrainstationisusually______crowdedduringtheholidays.参考答案：more8.Thetrainjourneycanbelong,butitis______toseethebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.参考答案：interesting9.Manypeopleareinterestedinprotectingtheenvironment.Theybelieveitis______toplantmoretrees.参考答案：necessary10.Thetrainstationisusually______thanthebusstation.参考答案：busier三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Theweatherforecastpredictsraintomorrow,soweneedtotakeanumbrellawithus.参考答案：√2.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglishspeakingskills,youshouldpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.参考答案：√3.TheEarthrevolvesaroundtheSuninabout365days.参考答案：×4.Waterboilsat100degreesCelsiusatsealevel.参考答案：√5.Recyclinghelpstoprotecttheenvironmentandreducepollution.参考答案：√6.TheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.参考答案：√7.Ittakeslightabout8minutestotravelfromtheSuntotheEarth.参考答案：√8.Bicyclesaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlythancars.参考答案：√9.Thespeedofsoundinairisabout343meterspersecondatroomtemperature.参考答案：√10.Eatingabalanceddietisimportantformaintaininggoodhealth.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.WhatisthemainfunctionofthepresentperfecttenseinEnglish?参考答案：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtotalkaboutactionsorsituationsthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepastandhaverelevancetothepresent.2.Howdoyouformthepastparticipleofregularandirregularverbs?参考答案：Regularverbsformthepastparticiplebyadding"-ed"(e.g.,walk-walked).Irregularverbshaveuniquepastparticipleformsthatmustbememorized(e.g.,go-gone).3.Canyouexplainthedifferencebetween"too"and"either"inEnglish?参考答案：Toomeans"excessively"(e.g.,"It'stoohot").Eithermeans"also"or"too"innegativesentences(e.g.,"Idon'tlikecoffee,andIdon'tliketeaeither").4.Whataretherulesforusingarticles(a,an,the)inEnglish?参考答案：Definitearticle"the"isusedforspecificnouns(e.g.,"thebook").Indefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedfornon-specificnouns(e.g.,"abook,""anapple").5.Howdoyoumakeasentencenegativeusingmodalverbs?参考答案：Tomakeasentencenegativeusingmodalverbs,place"not"afterthemodalverb(e.g.,"cannot"-"cannot,""willnot"-"willnot").6.DescribethestructureofasimplesentenceinEnglish.参考答案：Asimplesentencehasonesubjectandonepredicate.Itexpressesacompletethought.Forexample,"Thecatsleeps."7.Whatisthepurposeofusingadjectivesandadverbsinasentence?参考答案：Adjectivesdescribenouns(e.g.,"aredcar").Adverbsdescribeverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs(e.g.,"quicklyruns").Theyadddetailandmeaningtosentences.8.HowcanyouaskforandgivedirectionsinEnglish?参考答案：Toaskfordirections,usephraseslike"Whereis...?"or"HowcanIgetto...?".Togivedirections,usephraseslike"Gostraight,""Turnleft,"or"Walkpastthepostoffice."五、应用题（共8小题，每题3分）（请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写最后结果不得分）1.Acityisplanningtoimproveitspublictransportationsystem.Theyhavecollecteddataaboutthenumberofpeopleusingbusesandtrainsoverthepastmonth.Thedataisasfollows:Buses:1,200peopleonMonday,1,500peopleonTuesday,1,000peopleonWednesday,1,800peopleonThursday,and2,000peopleonFriday.Trains:1,500peopleonMonday,1,000peopleonTuesday,2,000peopleonWednesday,1,800peopleonThursday,and2,500peopleonFriday.Thecitywantstoknowwhichmodeoftransportationismorepopularandbyhowmanypeople.参考答案：Thetrainismorepopularby300people.2.Acompanyisproducingsolarpanels.Theyhavetwofactories,FactoryAandFactoryB.FactoryAproduces500solarpanelsperday,andFactoryBproduces700solarpanelsperday.Thecompanywantstoincreaseitsproductionby20%nextmonth.Howmanysolarpanelsshouldeachfactoryproduceperdaytomeetthetarget?参考答案：FactoryAshouldproduce600panelsperday,andFactoryBshouldproduce840panelsperday.3.Aschoolisorganizingacharityevent.Theyhaveraised5,000sofar.Theyneedtoraiseatotalof10,000.Theeventisintwoweeks.Howmuchmoneydotheyneedtoraiseeachweektomeettheirgoal?参考答案：Theyneedtoraise2,500eachweek.4.Afarmerisgrowingtomatoesandcucumbers.Hehas10acresofland.Hewantstoplant6acresoftomatoesandtherestofthelandforcucumbers.Howmanyacresofcucumberswillheplant?参考答案：Hewillplant4acresofcucumbers.5.Astoreishavingasale.Allitemsare30%off.Ashirtthatoriginallycosts20isonsale.Howmuchwilltheshirtcostduringthesale?参考答案：Theshirtwillcost14duringthesale.6.Areciperequires3cupsofflourtomake12cookies.Ifyouwanttomake36cookies,howmanycupsofflourwillyouneed?参考答案：Youwillneed9cupsofflour.7.Acartravelsataspeedof60milesperhour.Howfarwillittravelin3hours?参考答案：Thecarwilltravel180miles.8.Aboxcontains24redmarbles,18bluemarbles,and12greenmarbles.Whatfractionofthemarblesarered?参考答案：Thefractionofthemarblesthatareredis1/4.标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：C解析：本题考查宾语从句。根据题干中的"ifitissunnytomorrow,wewillgotothepark"可以确定，如果明天天气晴朗，我们会去公园。因此，正确答案是C.Theywillgotothepark.选项A、B、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的条件不符。2.参考答案：C解析：本题考查一般过去时。根据题干中的"Thetrainisusuallylate,butitarrivedontimeyesterday"可以确定，火车通常晚点，但昨天准时到达了。因此，正确答案是C.Thetrainarrivedontime.选项A、B、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。3.参考答案：B解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Manypeopleareworriedaboutairpollution.Whatcanpeopledotoprotecttheenvironment?"可以确定，许多人担心空气污染。因此，正确答案是B.Theyshouldplantmoretrees.选项A、C、D都是错误的，因为它们与环境保护无关。4.参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Thetrainstationisusuallyfarfrompeople'shomes.Whyisitfarfrompeople'shomes?"可以确定，火车站通常离人们家很远。因此，正确答案是A.Itisnoisy.选项B、C、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。5.参考答案：B解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Thetrainjourneycanbelong,butitisinteresting.Whatmakesthetrainjourneyinteresting?"可以确定，火车旅行可能很漫长，但它很有趣。因此，正确答案是B.Thesceneryisbeautiful.选项A、C、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。6.参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Whatarethemainsymptomsoftheflu?"可以确定，流感的主要症状是什么？因此，正确答案是A.Afever,acough,andasorethroat.选项B、C、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。7.参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Howcanpeopleprotectthemselvesfromthesun?"可以确定，人们如何可以保护自己免受阳光的伤害？因此，正确答案是A.Theyshouldwearahatandsunglasses.选项B、C、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。8.参考答案：B解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainproblemwithpublictransportation?"可以确定，根据文章，公共交通的主要问题是什么？因此，正确答案是B.Itisnotreliable.选项A、C、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。9.参考答案：C解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Accordingtothepassage,howcanpeoplereducetheircarbonfootprint?"可以确定，根据文章，人们如何可以减少他们的碳足迹？因此，正确答案是C.Theyshouldusepublictransportation.选项A、B、D都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。10.参考答案：D解析：本题考查一般现在时。根据题干中的"Thepassageincludesinformationaboutthebenefitsofrecycling.Whataresomebenefitsofrecycling?"可以确定，文章包括关于回收利用好处的信息。因此，正确答案是D.Alloftheabove.选项A、B、C都是错误的，因为它们与题干中的信息不符。二、填空题1.参考答案：hot,cold解析：本题考查〈形容词辨析〉。根据题干中的“summer”和“winter”可以判断，上海夏季天气炎热，冬季天气寒冷，因此分别填入hot和cold。2.参考答案：heavy解析：本题考查〈形容词辨析〉。根据题干中的“traffic”可以判断，当交通拥堵时，小明的父亲更喜欢乘坐地铁，因此填入heavy。3.参考答案：increasing解析：本题考查〈动词辨析〉。根据题干中的“report”和“publictransportation”可以判断，近年来乘坐公共交通的人越来越多，因此填入increasing。4.参考答案：postpone解析：本题考查〈动词辨析〉。根据题干中的“itisrainingtomorrow”可以判断，如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟野餐，因此填入postpone。5.参考答案：important解析：本题考查〈形容词辨析〉。根据题干中的“peopleareworriedaboutthepollution”可以判断，人们担心污染问题，认为找到解决方案很重要，因此填入important。6.参考答案：ontime解析：本题考查〈短语辨析〉。根据题干中的“itisrainingtomorrow”可以判断，虽然火车通常晚点，但早上总是准时到，因此填入ontime。7.参考答案：more解析：本题考查〈形容词比较级〉。根据题干中的“trainstation”和“busstation”可以判断，在假期期间，火车站比汽车站更拥挤，因此填入more。8.参考答案：interesting解析：本题考查〈形容词辨析〉。根据题干中的“trainjourney”和“seethebeautifulscenery”可以判断，虽然火车旅行可能很漫长，但沿途可以看到美丽的风景，因此填入interesting。9.参考答案：necessary解析：本题考查〈形容词辨析〉。根据题干中的“protectingtheenvironment”和“plantmoretrees”可以判断，许多人感兴趣于保护环境，认为种更多树是必要的，因此填入necessary。10.参考答案：busier解析：本题考查〈形容词比较级〉。根据题干中的“trainstation”和“busstation”可以判断，火车站比汽车站更繁忙，因此填入busier。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“日常交际用语”。题干表述符合日常交际中关于天气预测的常用表达，是正确的。2.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“学习策略”。题干表述符合提高英语口语能力的有效方法，是正确的。3.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“天文知识”。地球绕太阳公转一周的时间约为365.25天，而不是365天，因此题干表述错误。4.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“物理知识”。标准大气压下，水的沸点确实是100摄氏度，因此题干表述正确。5.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“环境保护知识”。题干表述符合垃圾分类和回收的意义，是正确的。6.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“地理知识”。长城是世界著名建筑之一，题干表述正确。7.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“天文知识”。太阳光从太阳传到地球确实需要大约8分钟，因此题干表述正确。8.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“环保知识”。题干表述符合环保理念，骑自行车比开车更环保，是正确的。9.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“物理知识”。室温下声音在空气中的传播速度约为343米/秒，因此题干表述正确。10.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“健康知识”。题干表述符合营养学常识，均衡饮食对健康至关重要，是正确的。四、简答题1.参考答案：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtotalkaboutactionsorsituationsthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepastandhaverelevancetothepresent.解析：本题考查〈现在完成时态的用法〉。现在完成时主要用来谈论过去发生的动作或情况，并且与现在有联系。例如，“Ihavefinishedmyhomework”表示“我已完成作业”，强调现在已完成的状态。2.参考答案：Regularverbsformthepastparticiplebyadding"-ed"(e.g.,walk-walked).Irregularverbshaveuniquepastparticipleformsthatmustbememorized(e.g.,go-gone).解析：本题考查〈动词过去分词的构成〉。规则动词的过去分词通过加-ed构成（如walk变为walked），不规则动词的过去分词需要单独记忆（如go变为gone）。3.参考答案：Toomeans"excessively"(e.g.,"It'stoohot").Eithermeans"also"or"too"innegativesentences(e.g.,"Idon'tlikecoffee,andIdon'tliketeaeither").解析：本题考查〈too与either的用法区别〉。too表示“过于”（如“It'stoohot”），either在否定句中表示“也”（如“Idon'tlikecoffee,andIdon'tliketeaeither”）。4.参考答案：Definitearticle"the"isusedforspecificnouns(e.g.,"thebook").Indefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedfornon-specificnouns(e.g.,"abook,""anapple").解析：本题考查〈冠词的用法规则〉。定冠词the用于特指名词（如“thebook”），不定冠词a/an用于泛指名词（如“abook”“anapple”）。5.参考答案：Tomakeasentencenegativeusingmodalverbs,place"not"afterthemodalverb(e.g.,"cannot"-"cannot,""willnot"-"willnot").解析：本题考查〈情态动词的否定形式〉。使用情态动词构成否定句时，在情态动词后加not（如cannot变为cannot，willnot变为willnot）。6.参考答案：Asimplesentencehasonesubjectandonepredicate.Itexpressesacompletethought.Forexample,"Thecatsleeps."解析：本题考查〈简单句的结构〉。简单句由一个主语和一个谓语构成，表达一个完整的意思（如“Thecatsleeps”）。7.参考答案：Adjectivesdescribenouns(e.g.,"aredcar").Adverbsdescribeverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs(e.g.,"quicklyruns").Theyadddetailandmeaningtosentences.解析：本题考查〈形容词和副词的作用〉。形容词修饰名词（如“aredcar”），副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词（如“quicklyruns”），它们为句子增添细节和意义。8.参考答案：Toaskfordirections,usephraseslike"Whereis...?"or"HowcanIgetto...?".Togivedirections,usephraseslike"Gostraight,""Turnleft,"or"Walkpastthepostoffice."解析：本题考查〈英语中问路和指路的表达〉。问路时用“Whereis...?”或“HowcanIgetto...?”，指路时用“Gostraight”“Turnleft”或“Walkpastthepostoffice”等短语。五、应用题1