第一讲　利用设空位置选句

第一讲利用设空位置选句阅读七选五设空主要有三种位置：段首、段中和段尾，从写作手法上来看，三种位置关系的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。命题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力的。内容索引02.技法203.技法304.练重点练难点创新应用体验01.技法101.技法1典例剖析◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选)·Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason：they'respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces，it'seasytofeellikeyou'remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.[线索句①]__37__·Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld，it'sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.38.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination'slesser-knownsights?·__39__Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.[线索句②]You'llcompetewithfewertourists，savemoney，experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace，andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So，shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone，orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.[1]观察设空位置，确定所填句型：第37题设空处位于段尾，应对前面信息进行概括归纳。第39题位于段首，观察其他段落首句可知，所选句为该段主题句，句型应与其他主题句一致，因此，设空处应是以动词原形开头的祈使句。[2]结合关键信息，推测所填句意：由线索句①“Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape，cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引着你的时候才去那里。)”可知，要忠实自己的感受，即“为你自己而不是为别人旅行”。由线索句②“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.”可知，旅游时要注意避开重要的节假日或高峰期，选择合适的时间，所以本段主要讲“在非高峰时间旅游”。[3]初步锁定答案：结合句式结构和段落大意可知，37选C;39选A。[4]代入原文验证：代入原文后第37题前后句意为“只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引着你的时候才去那里。为你自己而不是为别人旅行。”C项放在此处可以很好地总结本段前面信息。代入原文后第39题前后句意为“在非高峰时间旅游。避开重要的节假日或高峰时段，将影响最小化，将体验最深化。”A项放在此处可以很好地概括本段主旨。解题策略◎技法1设空在段首段首题主要考查三种情况：段落小标题；

段落主题句；段落过渡句(承上启下)。1．段落小标题设空处是小标题时，表明此处是对本段内容的总结，我们需要通读段落的内容。其正确选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。典例1

(2025·浙江卷1月)•Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.37.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.•Don'tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou'regoingtosay.However,they'rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.•__39__Ifyou'veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you'llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.A．Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou'regoingtosay.[解题思路]本题考查段落标题句。首先根据上文的另外两个小标题“Keepyouraudienceinmind.”和“Don'tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.”可知，标题句皆为祈使句，可以将选择范围缩小到A、B和D三项。根据下文可知，本段通过举例(教师、经理等通过

“教别人”

来学习)引出建议：让听众贡献想法、解释概念、主导讨论，核心是让听众参与。B选项“让听众参与进来”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。[自主解答]

.B[解题策略]2.段落主题句设空处位于段首，通常是段落主题句。解题时需要认真研读该段内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。典例2

(2025·全国二卷)•Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.__38__WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.A．Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn'tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.[解题思路]本空考查段落主题句。空后以华盛顿大学研究为例，说明55岁及以上的志愿者比相同年龄的其他人记忆力更好、整体健康维持更久。选项E“对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处”作为段落主旨句，概括下文研究结论，符合语境。选项E中的“adults”

“physicalhealthbenefits”与下文“adults55andolder”

“hadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlonger”相呼应。[自主解答]

.E[解题策略]

3.段落过渡句设空在段首，有时起到引出下文的作用。在语义和逻辑上与下文相衔接，如有小标题，内容和小标题相呼应。典例3

(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk：dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.37.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConcise

Oxford

DictionaryandtheCollins

Thesaurus.__38__Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E．Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F．Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G．Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解题思路]本空考查段落过渡句。根据上段内容可知，上段提到词典的单词拼写功能；又根据空后内容可知，该段讲述了词典具备的其他功能。空处应引出下文，使上下文衔接。[自主解答]

.

E[解题策略]02.技法2段中设空属于对主题句的展开，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和说明。解答此类试题时，考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。典例

(2025·全国一卷)OnethingMurphymaynotknowisthathersmileiscontagious(有感染力)andcanbethedifferenceinastudenthavingamuchbetterdaythantheywerehavingbeforeseeingher.JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek.__39__“Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood，”Wrightsaid.A．Thecafeclosesat9pmeveryday.B.Shehastwochildrenagedeightandfour.C.Sometimesshearrivesearlytoservethestudentsearly.D.Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.E.Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.F.Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.G.Shehasservedherefor17yearsandcan'timagineworkinganywhereelse.[解题思路]本空考查段中句。空格前

“每周

6天去咖啡馆”

是行为，空格后

“笑容让人心情愉悦”

是感受——此选项先说明

“去咖啡馆”

的积极结果(开启美好一天、准备上课)，再通过后文

“笑容”

解释这一结果的原因，形成

“行为→结果→原因”

的完整逻辑链，符合上下文语境。[自主解答]

.F[解题策略]03.技法3设空在段尾，通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。1．段落主题句或总结句典例1

(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.__38__A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.[解题思路]根据上文内容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading‘Actsofkindness.’Onthisone...orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出自己所做的好事。选项F是对上文列出善举这一做法的总结，讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。

[自主解答]

.F[解题策略]

2.段落过渡句典例2

(2025·北京卷)AsAliceBlackpointsout,today'sparents'fearoflettingkidsdomorehouseworkhasaddedtotheirinabilitytofeelcompetentand,thus,confidentinthemselves.PsychologistRobertTurnerwroteaboutthisinhisbook,The

Life

Cycle,mentioningastagewhenkidslearnself-directionandmastery.__35__ButTurner'sothercyclesarejustasimportant.36.Theyteachemotionalawarenessandmanagementaswellasidentity.Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed,interrupted,ordenied,youfeelincapableofaccessingyourstatesofself,controllingunpleasantfeelings,andmanipulating(操控)theenergythatputstogetherthefabricofyourinnerworld.A．It'salsoourjobtosupportadultswhoneedhelprepairingincompletelifecycles.B.Theytalkaboutsomeone'sinabilitytosupportthemselvesthroughwork.C.It'sbeingabletoshowunderstandingwhencommunicatingwithothers.D.Inotherwords,you'replayingthegameoflife—lifeisn'tplayingyou.E.Theyteachemotionalawarenessandmanagementaswellasidentity.F.Youfeellikean18-year-old,especiallywhenplaying80smusic.G.Whenthisstageisdenieditcreatesasenseofinsecurity.[解题思路]空格前后围绕

“孩子成长阶段与自我能力培养”

展开，空格处应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G项

“当该阶段被剥夺时，会产生不安全感”

承接前文

“特定阶段”，“被剥夺(denied)”

与后文

“delayed,interrupted,ordenied”

呼应，既具体说明该阶段受阻碍的直接影响，又为后文其他周期受影响的后果铺垫，逻辑连贯。[自主解答]

.G[解题策略]04.练重点练难点创新应用体验A(2025·“皖南八校”第三次大联考)Hopehasmanyaspectsthatcanhelpuscreateandmaintainpositiveexpectationsforthefuture.Understandingthesedifferentelementshelpsusbuildhopeinourselvesandothers.Peopleneedtowantsomethingbeforetheycanhopeforit.Hopestartswithwantingafutureoutcomethatmighthappen,evenifitseemsunlikely.__1__.Forexample,patientswhotrulywanttorecoverfromillnessaremorelikelytofollowtheirtreatmentplans.Gettingclearaboutwhatyouwantisanimportantfirststepinbuildinghope.__2__.Whilewecan'tpredictthefuture,believingthatgoodthingscanhappenhelpsbuildhope.However,peopledifferinhowmuchcertaintytheyneedbeforefeelinghopeful.Someneedlotsofevidence,whileotherstrustmoreeasily.Pastfailuresshouldn'tstopusfromhoping,asmanyseeminglyimpossiblethingshavebecomereality.Understandingwhatispossiblehelpscreatehope.Researchshowsthatkeepinghopealivecanaffectrecoveryandpainrelief.__3__.Thisshowshowpowerfulbeliefcanbe.Assomeonesays,seeingapossiblepathwayforwardisbothasourceandaproductofhope.Beingpositivehelpsmaintainhopeovertime.Whilehopecanchangewithsituations,havingapositiveoutlookismorelasting.Optimisticpeopleoftenhavebetterhealthandhandlechallengesbetter.Theylookforgoodnewseveninbadsituations,whilenegativepeoplemightfocustoomuchonproblems.__4__.Trustplaysanimportantroleinbuildinghope.Trustmeansbelievingthatthingswillgenerallyworkoutandthatpeoplearemostlyreliable.__5__.Whilenoteveryonecanbetrusted,beingwillingtotrustoftenleadstobetterrelationshipsandresults.Fearmightfeelsafer,butitcanpreventusfrommovingforwardandfindinghappiness.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了希望的多个方面及其对构建和维持希望的作用。A．SolearningtochangetakesdailypracticeB．LifeoftenbringsunexpectedchangesandsurprisesC．Unlikeotherpartsofhope,trustisachoicewemakeD．BelievingingoodoutcomesmakeshopegrowstrongerE．StayingpositivecanhelpbothindividualsandgroupsmaintainhopeF．Evenwhentakinginactivemedicine,hopefulpatientsoftenfeelbetterG．Whenpeoplestronglydesiresomething,they'remorelikelytotakeactiontoachieveit1．G上文“Peopleneedtowantsomethingbeforetheycanhopeforit.Hopestartswithwantingafutureoutcomethatmighthappen,evenifitseemsunlikely.”说明希望始于想要某个结果。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明当人们强烈渴望某事物时会更易采取行动。所以G项

“Whenpeoplestronglydesiresomething”和上文中的“Hopestartswithwantingafutureoutcomethatmighthappen”相呼应。故选G。2．D下文“Whilewecan'tpredictthefuture,believingthatgoodthingscanhappenhelpsbuildhope.”说明相信好事会发生对建立希望有帮助。空处为段落主旨句，应体现相信好的结果能让希望更强烈。故选D。3．F上文“Researchshowsthatkeepinghopealivecanaffectrecoveryandpainrelief.”说明希望对康复等有影响。空处应举例说明希望的这种影响。所以F项

“hopefulpatientsoftenfeelbetter”和上文中“affectrecoveryandpainrelief”相呼应。故选F。4．E上文“Optimisticpeopleoftenhavebetterhealthandhandlechallengesbetter.Theylookforgoodnewseveninbadsituations,whilenegativepeoplemightfocustoomuchonproblems.”说明积极乐观的好处。空处应总结积极对维持希望的作用。所以E项

“Stayingpositive”和上文中的“Optimisticpeople”相呼应。故选E。5．C上文“Trustmeansbelievingthatthingswillgenerallyworkoutandthatpeoplearemostlyreliable.”说明信任的含义。下文“Whilenoteveryonecanbetrusted,beingwillingtotrustoftenleadstobetterrelationshipsandresults.”说明信任是一种选择。空处和前后文为顺承关系，强调信任是一种选择。故选C。BConversationsareliketwo-waystreets:wetaketurnsspeakingandlistening.Whileweoftenfocusonwhatwesay,there'ssomethingprofoundlypositiveintheactoflistening.__1__Buthere'swhereitgetstricky:beingagoodlistenerisn'teasy.Itcanbeemotionallydraining,especiallyintoughconversations.MycolleaguesandIrecentlyexploredthedownsidesoflisteninginastudywithschoolteachers.Weaskedtheteachershowmuchefforttheyputintolisteningtotheirstudents.Andwefoundthatthemoreeffortteachersputintolistening,themoretheyreportedfeelingburnedout.Whydoesthishappen?Forteachers,listeningisn'tjustabouthearingwords.__2__Thiscanbeincrediblydraining,especiallywhenteachersfeelresponsibleforsolvingproblemstheymaynothavetheresourcesortimetoaddress.Thisisn'tjustaproblemforteachers,itaffectsallofus.Whetherwe'reparents,partners,friends,orcolleagues,weallfindourselvesinsituationswherewehavetolistentoothers'worriesandstresses.Andwithoutrealizingit,weabsorbthatemotionalweight.__3__Inaworldwherewe'reconstantlyconnected,weneedtobeawareoftheemotionalcostsoflistening.__4__First,focusonlisteningwithoutplanningyourresponse.Thiskeepsyoupresentandallowsthespeakertofeeltrulyheard.Second,understandthatsometimeslisteningisenough;don'tfeelyouhavetofixtheproblem.__5__Finally,don'talwaysfeellikeyouhavetoreflect.Whensomeoneissharingadeeplynegativeexperience,likethelossoflovedones,reflectingthoseemotionsbacktothemmayonlydeepentheirpain.Ultimately,whilelisteningisoneofthemostpowerfultoolswehaveforconnection,it'simportanttoknowwhentofullyengageandwhentotakeastepbacktoprotectourownwell-b