阅读理解专题强化练　C、D篇阅读强化练(二)

阅读理解专题强化练C、D篇阅读强化练(二)(分值：30分)授课提示：对应专题检测题题过31页A(2025·“皖南八校”高三第三次大联考)Growingupwithamotherwhointroducedswedes(芜菁甘蓝)toIndiancuisine,HillMainidevelopedanearlyappreciationforthetransformativepowerofcooking.Hisculinary(烹饪的)adventurestookhimtoNewYorkCity,where,atjust18,hewasredesigningmenusforManhattanrestaurants.Butthecallofsciencebeckoned(召唤),leadinghimthroughbiochemistryatHarvardandeventuallytoUCBerkeley,wherehenowcombineshispassionsforcookingandresearch.ThestarofHillMaini'sresearchisN．intermedia,thefungus(真菌)responsibleforoncom—atraditionalIndonesianfoodmadefromsoypulpleftovers.Whatmakesthisfungusextraordinaryisitsabilitytoturnindigestibleplantwasteintonutritious,flavorfulfoodinjust36hours.ButHillMainiandhisteamdidn'tstopatsoypulp.TheytestedN.intermediaonabout30differentagriculturalwasteproducts.Theresultswereastonishing—thefungusthrivedonalmostalloftheseagriculturalwasteproducts,provingitssignificantroleinfoodrecycling.Thesciencebehindthisfungalmagicisfascinating.N．intermediabelongstoagroupcalledfilamentousfungi,whichproduceenzymes(酶)thatbreakdowncomplexplantmaterialsthathumandigestivesystemsstrugglewith.Indoingso,theynotonlymakethewasteediblebutalsoincreaseitsproteincontentandimproveitsflavor.OneofthemostexcitingdiscoverieswastheexistenceoftwodistincttypesofN．intermedia:wildtypesfoundgloballyandtypesthathaveadaptedspecificallytohumangeneratedagriculturalwaste.Thissuggestsafascinatingco-evolutionbetweenthefungusandhumanfoodproductionpractices.However,wouldpeopleactuallyacceptit?Toanswerthis,HillMainiworkedwithRasmusMunk,headchefoftheMichelintwo-starrestaurantAlchemistinCopenhagen.Theypresentedredoncomto60peoplewhohadneverencountereditbefore.“Wefoundthat,basically,peoplewhohadnevertriedthisfoodbeforemadepositivecommentsaboutit，”HillMainisaid.“Theresultswereprettygood.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了HillMaini结合烹饪与科研的经历，重点讲述了他对N.intermedia真菌的研究，该真菌能将农业废料转化为食物，且人们接受度良好。1．WhatattractsHillMaini'sinterestincooking？()A．AnintroductiontoIndianfood.B．Hisexperiencesofredesigningmenus.C．Hismother'sinfluence.D．HisresearchatHarvard.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Growingupwithamotherwhointroducedswedes(芜菁甘蓝)toIndiancuisine,HillMainidevelopedanearlyappreciationforthetransformativepowerofcooking.”可知，是他母亲的影响吸引了他对烹饪的兴趣。故选C。2．WhatcanN．intermediadoaccordingtothetext?()A．Promotethegrowthofplants.B．Makefoodoutofuselessfarmproduce.C．Increasetheoutputoffarmproducts.D．Protecthumandigestivesystem.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whatmakesthisfungusextraordinaryisitsabilitytoturnindigestibleplantwasteintonutritious,flavorfulfoodinjust36hours.”以及第三段中“TheytestedN.intermediaonabout30differentagriculturalwasteproducts.Theresultswereastonishing—thefungusthrivedonalmostalloftheseagriculturalwasteproducts,provingitssignificantroleinfoodrecycling.”可知，N.intermedia能利用无用的农产品制造出食物。故选B。3．Whichhasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedword“thrived”inParagraph3？()A．Burned.B．Starved.C．Mushroomed.D．Killed.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据前文“TheytestedN．intermediaonabout30differentagriculturalwasteproducts.Theresultswereastonishing”以及后文“provingitssignificantroleinfoodrecycling”可知，这种真菌在这些农业废料上生长得很好。由此推知，画线词“thrived(茁壮成长，兴旺)”与“Mushroomed(迅速成长，大量涌现)”意思相近。故选C。4．Howdopeoplefeelabouttheredoncomaftertheytriedit？()A．Satisfied.B．Terrible.C．Uncertain.D．Worried.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Wefoundthat,basically,peoplewhohadnevertriedthisfoodbeforemadepositivecommentsaboutit，’HillMainisaid.‘Theresultswereprettygood.’”可知，人们品尝redoncom后感到满意。故选A。B(2025·山东潍坊高三三模)Everyyear,tensofthousandsofpeoplearoundtheworldapplyforresearchjobsarmedwithpostgraduatequalificationsandspecializedknowledge,onlyfortheircarefullycraftedapplicationstoseeminglydisappearintoadigitalblank.Atthesametime,recruiters(招聘者)reportthattheyareunabletofindappropriatecandidatesforopenpositions.Onekeycauseofthismismatchistheperceptionthatsomeonewithsciencequalificationsisfullyqualifiedforresearchwork.Therealityisthat,often,aPhDorafirstpostdoctoralpostiscorrespondingtoanentry-levelqualification,withtheholderneedingfurtheradvice,guidance,mentoringandexperiencebeforetheycanworkindependently.Shiftinggenerationalprioritiesalsoplayapart.Forexample,mostcurrentearly-careerscientistsaremillennials(千禧一代),bornbetweentheearly1980sandmid-1990s.Theyareoftendigitallyskilledandbringwiththemstrongcooperationnatureandadesiretoseetheirworkhaveasocietalimpact.Theyalsotendtovaluework-lifebalanceandcareerflexibility,whichmightnotalwayssquarewiththeprioritiesofthescientistsinterviewingthemforjobs.Meanwhile,employersreportthatcandidatesoftenlackcreativethinking,problem-solvingandcommunicationskillsandqualitiessuchaspersistence,passionanddetermination.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach.UniversitiesandotherresearchtraininginstitutionscandomoretoexpandthefocusofPhDtrainingbeyondtheacademictrack.Thismeansprovidingadviceandguidanceaboutwhatcareerpathsandjobopportunitiesmightbeavailableforresearchersincompanies,thepublicsectorandnon-governmentalorganizations.Employersneedtoconsiderthebenefitsofstructuredtrainingforearly-careerresearchers,asawaytoboostcriticalthinkingandanalyticalskills.Thiscouldbedonebyreproducingthetrainingschemescommonlyusedbylargetechnology,consulting,financeandlegalfirms.Thepathforwardrequiresjobseekersandrecruiterstounderstandeachotherbetter.Candidateswouldbenefitfromlearningwhyrecruitersaredissatisfiedwiththecompetenceofapplicants.Institutions,fortheirpart,mustseethemselvesasarchitectsofscientificcareers.Thismeansacknowledgingthatprofessionalpreparationisn'tadistractionfromresearchexcellence—itisanessentialcomponentofit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了全球研究生学历求职者与职位供需不匹配的原因以及解决方向。5．Whydopostgraduatesfailtofindsatisfyingjobs？()A．Inadequateacademicpreparation.B．Limitedjobinformationsources.C．Absenceofproperjob-seekingskills.D．Misjudgmentofqualificationsuitability.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究生找不到满意的工作是由于资质与岗位需求的差距，人们认为具有科学资格的人完全有资格从事研究工作，但现实是博士学位或博士后学位被视为“入门资格”，仍需更多建议、指导、谋划和经验，D项“资质适合性判断错误。”符合题意。故选D。6．Whichpriorityofmillennialsaffecttheirjobseeking？()A．Highcooperationability.B．Emphasisondigitaltechuse.C．Pursuitofwork-lifebalance.D．Freedomformindandbody.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theyalsotendtovaluework-lifebalanceandcareerflexibility,whichmightnotalwayssquarewiththeprioritiesofthescientistsinterviewingthemforjobs.”可知，追求工作和生活的平衡对“千禧一代”求职有影响。故选C。7．WhattrainingshouldbegiventoPhDresearchers？()A．Career-relatedadvice.B．Generalskillbuilding.C．Financialmanagementtips.D．Academic-focusedguidance.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“UniversitiesandotherresearchtraininginstitutionscandomoretoexpandthefocusofPhDtraining...,thepublicsectorandnon-governmentalorganizations.”可知，大学需扩展博士培训范围，提供学术职业指导。故选A。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout？()A．Roleofinstitutionsinresearch.B．Importanceofskilldevelopment.C．Discontentofrecruiterswithapplicants.D．Significanceofunderstandingeachother.答案：D解析：主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要讲述求职者和招聘人员相互理解的重要性。故选D。C(2025·武汉高中毕业生调研)Inhealthresearch,determiningtruecauses—likewhetherdrinkingwineaffectshealth—isvitalforinformeddecisions.But“correlationdoesnotequalcausation(因果关系)”iswidelyrecognized.Thenhowdoresearchersmovebeyondcorrelationstofindanswers?Correlationsoftenexistwithoutimplyingcausation.Forinstance,chocolateconsumptioncorrelateswiththenumberofNobelPrizewinnersinsomecountries.DoeseatingchocolateboostNobelwins?No.Thiscorrelationlikelyexistsbecausechocolateconsumptionservesasaproxyforwealth.Inturn,wealthrelatestoeducationandresearchfunding—keyfactorsbehindNobelachievements.So,justfindingalinkisn'tenough.Scientistsneedmorestrongevidencetoestablishcausation.Unlikehighlycontrolledchemistryorphysicsexperiments,whichcaneasilyshowhowXaffectsY,humanbiologyoftenreliesonindirectevidence.Itrequires“inductivereasoning”—drawinggeneralconclusionsfromavailableevidence.It'slikehowaprosecutor(检察官)buildsacriminalcaseusingcircumstantialevidence.Whileindividualpiecesmightnotbepersuasive,theirbuild-upstrengthensthecase.There'soneinterestingcontrast,however.Incriminalcases,thestandardofproofis“beyondreasonabledoubt”，butsciencedemandsproofbased“onthebalanceofprobabilities”.Thisreflectsscientists'willingnesstorevisetheirbeliefswhenbetterevidenceemerges.Indirectevidenceiscrucialforinferringcausation,butitisnotalwaysconclusive.Thegoldstandardfordirectevidenceofcausationistherandomisedcontrolledtrial(RCT),whereparticipantsarerandomlyassignedtoeitherreceiveaninterventionortobea“control”.Thisensuresifyouseeadifferencebetweenthetwogroups,thiscanonlybeduetotheeffectoftheintervention,whicheffectivelyprovescausation.Unfortunately,ethical(道德的)considerationsoftenpreventusconductingRCTs.Forinstance,welackRCTevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancerbecausetheindirectevidenceissostrongthatsuchstudieswouldbeunethical.Causationinhealthdoesn'tworkinasimpleway.Factorslikelifestyle,genes,andenvironmentinteracttodeterminediseaserisk.Achievingperfecthealthrequiresavarietyofactions,asnosinglehabit,superfood,ormagicpillistheanswer.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了健康研究中确定真正原因的重要性，以及研究人员如何超越相关性来寻找答案。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proxy”inParagraph2mean？()A．Replacement.B．Condition.C．Indicator.D．Preference.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据前文“Correlationsoftenexistwithoutimplyingcausation.Forinstance,chocolateconsumptioncorrelateswiththenumberofNobelPrizewinnersinsomecountries.”以及后文“Inturn,wealthrelatestoeducationandresearchfunding—keyfactorsbehindNobelachievements.”可知，讨论巧克力和诺贝尔奖的联系，所以前句应是“巧克力消费是财富的