托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编3

托福(写作)历年真题试卷汇编3

一、听力写作(本题共2题，每题1.0分，共2分。)

1、WritingBasedonReadingandListeningDirections:Forthistask,youwillreada

passageaboutanacademictopicandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.

Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoa

questionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthe

readingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformation

fromthereadingpassageand(helecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyour

personalopinion.Youmayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmay

useyournotestohelpyouanswer(hequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe

150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthe

completenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthe

passage.Thenlistentothelecture.Thenallow20minutestoplanandwriteyour

response.Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.ReadingYouwillhave3minutesto

readthepassage.Recentestimatesplacingtheemergenceofbeesasadistinctspeciesof

insectasfarbackas200millionyearsagohavearousedheateddebatewithinthe

scientificcommunity.Inmyopinion,asitfailstoofferanyconvincingevidenceto

supportthisclaim,thisestimateisfarfromcredible.Justasscientistscanstudyroughly

whattimeperiodthedinosaurslivedanddiedinthroughthefossilstheyleftbehind,

scientistscouldinprinciplealsodatebees'evolutionaryemergencethroughtheir

fossilizedremains.However,nofossilhasbeendiscoveredthusfarthatcanbe

definitivelyregardedas(heirs.Anygoodtheorymustconsistofbothawell-rounded

argumentandconvincingevidence.Therefore,duetotheabsenceofbeefossils,itis

unreasonableforus(oascertainthatthebeeshaveexistedonEarthfor200millionyears.

Or,supposethatbeeshaveinfactbeenlivingonourplanetfor200millionyears.If

that'sthecase,thenwhatdidthebeesfeedonatthattime?Asweallknow,beesare

adaptedtofeedingonnectarandpollen,theformerprimarilyasanenergysourceandthe

latterprimarilyforproteinandothernutrients—bothofwhich,itmustbepointedout,can

onlybefoundinflowers.Theproblemisthattherewerenoflowers200millionyears

ago.So,withoutfood,howcouldbeeshavesustainedthemselvesatthattime?Finally,

therehavebeensomenewlydiscoveredfossilsthatarcclaimingasevidencetosupport

thisargument,sayingthattheseremainsbelongedtobees.Tome,itsauthenticityneeds

tobefurtherstudiedandproven.Thenyouwillhear:Nowlistentopartofalectureon

thetopicyoujustreadabout.LectureQuestion

Summarizethepointsmadeinthelectureyoujustheard,explaininghowtheycastdoubt

onpointsmadeinthereadingpassage.

标准答案：Theauthorinthereadingmsectionisquiteadamantthatthereisno

convincingevidencetosupportthetheorythatbeeshavebeenlivingonthisplanetforup

to200millionyears.Conversely,theprofessorclaimsthatitisascientificfactthatbees

alreadyexistedasaseparatespeciesofinsect200millionyearsago.First,thepassage

statesthatnodefinitivebeefossilshaveeverbeenfound,provingtheydidn'texistso

longago.Theprofessorcouniersthatfossilscanonlybeformedfromtheremainsofdead

animalsorplants.Therefore,beefossilscouldnothavebeenformed200millionyears

agosincetherewerenotrees,andthatjustbecausetheirreniiiinshavenotbeenfound

docsnutiilean11icydidnotexist.Next,thepassagesaysthat200inillionyearsago,there

werenoflowersforbeestoreceivetheirnectarandpollenfrom,andwithoutflowers,the

hcescouldneverhavesustained.Theprofessorpointsoutthat,therearcotherplants,

suchaspinetrees,thathaveprovidedpollenandnectarforhecs.Heclaimsthathccsmay

havejustsurvivedonadifferentfoodsourceatthattime.Finally,althoughthereading

mentionsarecentfossildiscoverythatmanyscientistsclaim,theauthorinsistsmore

studyisnecessary.Theprofessorelaboratesonexactlywhatthescientistsfound,and

saysthisisdefinitiveproofthatbeeshavelivedwellover100millionyearsago.

知识点解析：关于蜜蜂诞生的时间，阅读文章认为在2亿年前蜜蜂并不存在，并

列举了三点理由：没有关于那个时期的蜜蜂的化石；2亿年前没有花朵等蜜蜂生存

的营养来源；关于此的研究不足。而听力文章则针对这三点论据都进行了反驳。

2、WritingBasedonReadingandListeningDirections:For(histask,youwillreada

passageaboutanacademictopicandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.

Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoa

questionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthe

readingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformation

fromthereadingpassageandthelecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyour

personalopinion.Youmayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmay

useyournotestohelpyouanswerthequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe

150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthe

completenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthe

passage.Thenlistentothelecture.Thenallow20minutestoplanandwriteyour

response.Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.ReadingYouwillhave3minutesto

read(hepassage.NoonecanbeacknowledgedasatrueexpeninWesternhistoryand

civilizationwithoutknowledgeoftheRomans,whichareembodiedinthegreatRoman

Empire.Rome,whichwasoriginallycomposedofmanycity-states,wasnotborntobean

empire;rather,therearcthreemainreasonsforitsbuilding.Thefirstreasonacountry

mighthecalledanempireistliatithasalargeamountofterritoryunderitscontrol;atits

peak,theRomanEmpirecontrolledthewholeofEurope.Naturally,forthesakeofself-

preservation,suchanimmenseterritoryhastobeguardedbypowerfulmilitaryforces.

TheRomanEmpire,becauseitsarmywasunrivaledintheancientworld,wasableto

successfullyconquermanyothercountriesandforciblyconscripttheprisonersofwar,

usingthemtoreplenishitsranks.In(hisway,theRomanarmygrewmoreandmore

powerful,andthisstrategyhelpedthenationconquerevenmorecountries.TheRoman

Empirewasbornfromthisprocess.Second,duringthereignoftheRomanEmpire,the

RomanemperorswerereveredmuchastheemperorsinancientChinawere,enjoying

supremepower.Theircommandscamefromaplaceofabsoluteauthority,andallowed

noobjection.Thisharshsystemofmonarchyhelpedtocontrolanduniformlyregulatethe

wholecountry.Third,fromancienttimesuntilthepresentday,allsuccessfulnationshave

beensupportedbytaxationsqueezedfromtheirsubjects,andtheRomanEmpirewasno

exception.Alltheoperationsofacountry,suchasitseconomy,politics,militaryand

culture,arconlypossiblebecauseofrevenuemadefromtaxation.TheRomanEmpire,in

ordertoseizemorewealthfromothercountriesthroughtheirmilitaryforce,hadtoraise

taxestosupportitsarmyexpenditures.Thehightaxationratewasanothermajorfactorin

Rome'swealthandsubsequentsuccessasanempire.Thenyouwillhear:Nowlistento

partofalectureonthetopicyoujustreadabout.Lecture

QuestionSummarizethepoints

madeinthelectureyoujustheard,explaininghowtheycastdoubtonpointsmadeinthe

readingpassage.

标准答案：Inthelecture,theprofessorraisesobjectionstothereading'sassertionthat

therearethreemainreasonsaccountingforthebuildingoftheRomanEmpire.The

lectureputsforththeideathateverycoinhastwosides一thesethreestrengths,tosome

extent,ledtothedisintegrationoftheRomanEmpire.Firstly,thereadingstatesthatan

unrivaledarmymadeRomeabletoconquerothercountries,which,inturn,strengthened

itsarmyandbroadeneditsterritory.However,theprofessorpointsoutthatalthough

Romeconscriptedothercountrics,subjectsintoitsownarmy,thevictorywassuperficial.

ManysoldiersinthearmywerefromRome'senemies;therefore,theywerenotloyalto

theRomeEmpire,anditsarmywasnotaspowerfulasitseemedtobe.Secondly,the

readingstatesthattheemperor'sabsoluteauthorityhelpedtocontrolandregulate(he

country.Buttheprofessorsaysthat,forfearofpunishment,nosuggestionsorobjections

wereputforth.Thefateofthecountrywasdeterminedbyasingleperson.Lastly,the

readingsaysthathightaxationfromitssubjectswasonemajorsourceofRome'swealth

andsuccessasanempire.Theprofessorsaysthatwhenitwasnolongerpowerful

enough,notaxescouldbeobtainedfromforeigncountries.Itbegantosqueezeitsown

subjectsdry,whichledtoresentmentandpavedthewayforitsdefeat.

知识点解析：本文主要讨论了古罗马作为西方的一个文明古国，并不是一开始就

是显赫四方的帝国。其实，古罗马帝国的建成源于很多历史利政治的因素。阅读中

主要从军力、绝对的独裁和高税收这三个方面解释了古罗马帝国的形成。而听力中

持完全相反的观点，并指出以上三个因素恰恰是古罗马帝国走向灭亡的导火索。

二、常规写作(本题共2题，每题7.0分，共2分。)

3、WritingBasedonKnowledgeandExperienceDirections:For由istask,youwill

writeanessayinresponsetoaquestionthatasksyoutostate,explain,andsupportyour

opiniononanissue.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.

Youressaywillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludesthedevelopment

ofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthe

languageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Youhave30minutestoplanandcompleteyour

essay.Writeyouressayinthespaceprovided.QuestionDoyouagreeordisagreewith

thefollowingstatement?Althoughchildren'sdecisionswereoftenmadebyparentsinthe

past,itisbetterforchildrentodaytomaketheirowndecisions.Usespecificreasonsand

examplestosupportyouranswer.

标准答案：Therearcmanythingstoconsiderintermsofourchildren'sdevelopment.

Differentpeoplewillhavedifferentideasabouthowtoraisechildren.SomepeopleI

knowliketolettheirchildrenmaketheirowndecisions.Othersmakemostoftheir

children'sdecisionsfbrthem.Personally,Ithinkitisbetterfcrparentstomakethe

importantdecisionsbecauseparentshavemorelifeexperience,andthuscanhelpthe

childrenmakebetterchoices,andindoingsopreventtheirchildrenfromhurlingothers.

First,Ithinkitisbestforparentstomakedecisionsbecause(heyhavemorelife

experience.Whenchildrenmakedecisions,theycanonlydrawonfivetofifteenyearsof

lifeexperience.Parentshaveatleastdouble(hatamountoflifeexperienceandtheybetter

understandhowtheworldworks.Forexample,achildmightwanttotakeafun,modern

danceclasswithhisorherfriendsandyetparentsunderstandthatacomputerclassis

moreimportantforthechild'sfuture.Parentscanusetheirlifeexperiencetohelptheir

childrenchooseactivitiesthatwillbenefittheminthefuture.Notonlyareparentsableto

viewthingsfromalong-termperspectivewhenmakingdecisions,theycanalsohelptheir

childrenmakeharddecisionsthattheydonothavetheself-controltomakethemselves.

Forexample,achildmaywanttoquithisorherextramathclassandyetparentsknow

thiswillaffectanyfuturestudy.Withouttheparents'help,heorshemaynothave

enoughself-controltokeepgoing.Childrenneedtheirparents*helpinordertomake

harddecisionsthatdon'tfeelgoodrightnow,butwillhelpthemlater.Finally,parents

canprotecttheirchildrenfromhurtingothers.Forexample,achildmaynotwantto

inviteanunpopularstudentintheclasstohisorherbirthdayparty,andyetparents

understandhowimponantitisnottohunotherpeople'sfeelings.Parentscandrawupon

theiryearsofexperiencetoprovidetheguidancenecessarytohelptheirchildrenmake

kinddecisionsthatdon'thurtothers.Whilemanypeopleliketolettheirchildrenmake

alltheirowndecisions,Ibelievethatitisbetterforparentstomakeimportantandhard

decisionsfortheirchildren.

知识点解析：虽然有人认为对孩子放手有利于培养孩子的独立能力，但是孩子毕

竟还小，对很多事情缺乏判断能力。我们从小到大可能都听父母说过一句话“我们

吃过的盐比你吃过的饭都多“，这句话话糙理不糙。父母毕竟比我们阅历广，经验

多，他们对于很多重要问题，例如学校选择、伴侣选择或者职业选择上可以帮孩子

做出最正确的决定，因为往往一个错误的决定会耽误孩子的一生。

4、WritingBasedonKnowledgeandExperienceDirections:Forthistask,youwill

writeanessayinresponsetoaquestionthatasksyoutoslate,explain,andsupportyour

opiniononanissue.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.

Youressaywillbejudgedon(hequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludesthedevelopment

ofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthe

languageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Youhave30minutestoplanandcompleteyour

essay.Writeyouressayinthespaceprovided.QuestionDoyouagreeordisagreewith

thefollowingstatement?Peoplecaremoreaboutpublicrecognitionthananincreasein

money,becausepublicrecognitioncanstillmakepeopleworkharder.Usespecific

reasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

标准答案：Whenthinkingabouttheissuethatpeoplecaremoreaboutpublic

recognitionthananincreaseinmoney,differentpeoplewillhavedifferentideas.While

somepeoplemaybelievemoneyiswhatemployeesarefightingfor,Ithinkthatitisnot

enoughtomakealotofmoneynowadays;peopleneedrecognitionfortheireffort.Public

recognitionismoreimportanttothemajorityofpeoplethanmoneyalone,becauseit

makesthemfeelmorecrucialtoacompanyorproject,andhelpsensuretheirfuture

success.Tobeginwith,salarydoesn'tmatterwhensomeoneisapartofachallenging

team.Heorsheneedsotherstoknowhisorhervalue.Peoplearclookingforvindication

fbrtheireffortsinanofficeorotherproject.Ifothersdon'tknowhowimportanttheyarc

togroupsuccess,thenthey