托福TPO74听力文本

TPO74听力文本

C1

Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandauniversityadministrator.

Hi,Ihavesomequestionsaboutthedormitoryfireinspections.Imadean

appointmenttoseeyou.Myname'sMarciaTravers.Oh,yeah,you'remyten

thirty.Right?Sofireinspectionsaregoingon.Now.Youcancheckthe

universitywebpagetoseewhenyourdormwillbeinspected.Oh,well,mine

wasalreadydone.Oh,right.IhaveyourInformationrighthere,shouldhave

lookedatitmorecarefully.MarshaTravers,singleroom.Well,Ihaven'tgotten

thereportyet,butIwantedtoexplainaboutmyextensioncord.Iknowit'sa

violation,butitwasjusttemporary.Imean,Iwasplanningtomovethe

furniturearoundthisweekend,sothefridgewouldbeclosertotheelectrical

outlet.AndthenIwasgonnagetridoftheextensioncord.Um,uh,extension

cordsareagainsttherules,too.

Theinspectormusthavemissedit.Soinfact,youhaveanotherviolation.Oh,

me,andmybigmouth.No,I'mgladyoumentionedit.Thisisforyoursafety.

Andeverybodyelse's,too.Therearenoshortcutstothefirecodeshere.The

realproblemistherefrigerator.Theotherproblemsareimportant,too,likethe

electrickettle,butthemosturgentoneisthefridge.Right?Ijustheardthat

kettlesareaviolation,sominespendingtherestofthesemestertuckedaway

inmysuitcase.Buttherefrigerator,Ijustboughtit.

Well,ifyou'dreadthestudenthandbook,you'dhaveseenthattheregulations

areveryclear.Studentscanonlybringinmodelssmallerthan5cubicfeet.

Andyourfridgeistwicethatsize.Itmusttakeuphalftheroom.Um,doyou

haveacopyofthehandbook?Idon'tthinkIevergotone.HIgiveyouone

beforeyouleave.Thanks.Um.ButIboughtthisrefrigeratorfromanother

student,andshe'dbeenusingitforyears.Well,atleast2years.Well,then

shedidn'tliveinastandarddormitory.ShelivedinHarperHall.Well,Harper

Hallisdifferent.Alltheunitstherearesuites,apartments,reallywithsmall

kitchens.Residentssupplytheirownapplianceslikemicrowavesandfridges.

Oh,sothedormrulesaboutappliancesdon'tapplythere.No,notatHarper

Hall.Oh,boy.AndIwassopleasedwithmypurchase.

SowhatdoIdonow?Well,youhave2weekstodisposeofthefridgeYou

canstoreitorsellit,butitcan'tstayinyourroom.Ican'tbelievethis,andI

hadtoropeinallmyfriendstohelpmegetituptothethirdfloor.Youhaveno

idea.Well,howyougotituptherewithoutanyonestoppingyou?Idon'tknow.

Thisisafirstwarning,though.Sothere'snofine.Andifyoucan'tfindabuyer

who*dpickitup.Andifyoudecidetoholdontoit,wellhelpyoumoveit

downstairstothestoragearea.

1.Whatdothespeakersmainlydiscuss?

A.Reasonsthestudentneedstoremoveherrefrigerator

B.Howdormitoryapplianceregulationshavechanged

C.Howtoresolvethestudent'sfirecodeviolations

D.Firecodeviolationsthataninspectormissed

2.Whyisthestudentsurprisedthatherrefrigeratordoesnotmeetdormitory

regulations?Clickon2answers.

A.Sheboughtitfromanotherstudent.

B.Theinspectordidnotincludeitintheinspectionreport.

C.Shehasnotreadthestudenthandbook

D.Thebuildingstaffhelpedhermoveittothethirdfloor.

3.HowisHarperHalldifferentfromotherstudenthousingfacilities?

A.Residentsmustbringtheirownrefrigerators.

B.Residentsdonothavetocomplywithcertainapplianceregulations

C.Studentswholivetherehavetosignatwo-yearcontract

D.Studentstherecanusestorageareasinthebasement

4Whathappenedtothestudent'selectrickettle?

A.Thefireinspectorremovedit.

B.Thestudentreplaceditwithadifferentmodel

2

C.Thestudentputitinasafeplace

D.Thestudentsoldittosomeoneinanotherdormitory.

5.Whydoesthestudentsaythis:

A.Tocomplainaboutapolicythathaschanged

B.Tocontradictwhatthemanjustsaid

C.Togivethemaninformationthatheneeds

D.Toremindthemanofsomethinghehadsaidearlier

答案：C(AC)BCB

Listentopartofalectureinabiology.

Classbiologistsstudycomplexanimalbehaviorstofindoutwhythese

behaviorsevolved,howtheyfunction,howthey'retransferredtothenext

generationandsoforth.Thecourtingbehaviorofthebowerbirdisstudiedfor

allthesereasons.Abowerbirdisaboutthesizeofapigeonandfoundmostly

inAustralia'srainforest,whichisasmallbutecologicallydiverseareain

northeasternAustralia.Bowerreferstothemalebirds'nestorstructure.Now,

mostbirds,includingfemalebowerbirds,buildneststoraisechicks,butmale

bowerbirdsbuildelaboratestructurestohelpthemattractmates.

Takealookatthisbowerbirddecoratingtheoutsideofhisstructure.Asyou

see,constructiontakesplaceontheforestfloor,notinatree,andapparently

thefemalebowerbirdslikebluedecorations.Themaledecoratesthebower

withfeathers,flowers,pebbles,andshells.Wefoundbowersdecoratedwith

brightblueclothespinsprobablysnatchedfromsomeone'sbackyard.

Bowerbirdsarealsoknowntostealornamentsfromotherbowerbirds.When

thebowerisready,afemalebirdmaycomeovertoitandwatchthemale

performforher.He'lldance,sing,orratherchirpoftenquiteenergetically.

Okay?Sothereare17differentkindsofbowerbirdsallclassifiedbythetype

ofbowertheybuild.AndtherearethreemajortypesofBower.FirstistheMat

Bower.Matbowersaretheleastelaborateandtheeasiesttobuild.They're

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basicallythickpadsmadefromsticksandleavessurroundedbyornaments.

WithMatBowers,there'snorealshelterforthefemale.Sowhenthemales

aredoingtheirperformance,theykeeptheirbelliesclosetotheground,

signalingtheywillnotattempttomateunlessinvitedtodoso.Andinthisway,

theydon'tfrightenoroverwhelmthefemale.

Nextisthemaplebower.Andmaplebowersarebuiltaroundasmalltree,a

sapling.Buttheysometimeshavetwotowersoftwigswithalittlecovered

bridgebetweenthem.Maplebowersoftenhaveamosslawn,whichiskept

neatandfresh.

Now,themostelaborateboweristheavenueBower,liketheoneyousawon

theslide.First,thebirdconstructsanavenue,whichislikeatentoutoftwigs,

andthenitplacesornamentsallaroundit.Thefemalecanactuallygointothis

bowertowatchthemalesperformance.AndwebelievethatBowers,

generallyandespeciallyAvenueBowersprovideprotectionforthefemale

protectionagainstunwantedmating.Perhapsorso,shewon'tfeelthreatened

duringthecourtingdance.Oh,oh,andthemalemayevenpainttheinside

wallsofhisbower.Hepaintswithsaliva,salivamixedwithchewed-up

blueberriesalongwithcharcoal.Solet'sconsiderthefactorsthatdrivemale

Bowerbirdstocreatethesestructures.

OnebiologistGeraldBorgiahasbeenstudyingBowerbirdsformorethan20

years.Borgiafound,well,firstrecallthatmanybirdspeciesselecttheirmates

basedontheattractivenessoftheirfeathersorplumagepeacocks,aprime

example.Well,onebiologisthypothesizedthatthebowerbirdsthatbuiltthe

mostelaborateBowershadtheleastcolorfulplumage,butBorgiahas

disprovedthathypothesis.Hefoundnosignificantrelationshipbetweendull

feathersandfancyBowers.GeorgiahasfounddifferencesintheBowers

basedonwherethey'relocated.Thefanciestonestendtobeinvalleysas

opposedtohilltops.Hethinksthishassomethingtodowiththeavailable

light.Hilltopsareoftencloudcovered,sofemalescan'tseethebowersvery

wellinthevalleys,thoughthere'smoresunshine.Inanotherstudy,theyfound

that75%offemalesreturnedtothesamemateyearafteryearandvisitno

otherbower.

Soyouhavetowonderwhythemaleswouldgotosuchtroubleeveryyear,

youknow,uhit,especiallysincethere'snoguarantee,especiallyforyoung

malesthatanyfemalewillchoosethem.Butwhoknows?Maybeoneofyou

willshedsomelightonthisoneday.Borgia,salsoveryinterestedinfinding

outwhetherbowerbirds'behaviorsarelearnedfromtheirelders,orwhether

thesebehaviorsareencodedintheirgenesatbirth.Well,likepainting,dothey

learntopaintbywatchinganothermalebird?Ordotheyjustknowhowtodo

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it?Tofigurethisout,BorgiaisraisingsomemaleBowerbirdsincaptivity.

Somewitholderbirdstolearnfromandsomewithout.

1.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?

A.Thefunctionsofdifferenttypesofbirdnests

B.Theinfluenceofhabitatonbirdbehavior

C.Thecourtingbehaviorofaspeciesofbird

D.Abiologistwhostudiesbowerbirds

2.Besidesbuildingabower,whatdoesamalebowerbirddotoattracta

mate?Clickon2answers.

A.Decorateshisbowerwithcolorfulobjects

B.Paintshisfeatherswithchewedblueberries

C.Takesoveranothermale'sbower

D.Movesaroundandvocalizesenthusiastically

3.Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutfemalebowerbirds?

A.Theyvisitnumerousbowersbeforeselectingamate.

B.Theymightbeintimidatedbyaggressivecourtingdances.

C.Theydonotmatewiththesamemaleeveryseason.

D.Theycompetewithotherfemalesforthemostattractivemales.

4.Howdoestheprofessororganizeherdiscussionofthedifferenttypesof

bowers?

A.Bytheirlocationintherainforest

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B.Bythetypesofornamentsinthebower

C.Fromthemostcommontotheleastcommon

D.Fromthesimplesttothemostcomplex

5.Accordingtotheprofessor,whathypothesisdidBorgiaprovetobe

wrong?

A.Themostelaboratebowersarebuiltinvalleys

B.Bowerbirdsstealornamentsfromotherbowerbirds.

C.Manyfemalesshowapreferenceforthecolorblue

D.Fancybowersarebuilttocompensateforplainfeathers

6.Whatistheprofessor'sopinionabouttheeffortthatbowerbirdsputinto

buildingbowers?Clickon2answers.

A.Itisanexcellentexampleofalearnedbehavior

B.Itspurposeshouldberesearchedmoreinthefuture

C.Itmaybeawasteofbowerbirds'timeandenergy

D.Itdemonstratesbowerbirdsunusuallyhighintelligence

答案：C(AC)BDD(BC)

L2

Listentopartofalectureinanenvironmentalengineeringclass.

Okay,we'vetalkedaboutrenewableenergyasanalternativewayof

generatingelectricity,alternativetowhat?Tononrerewableenergy,suchas

coalorpetroleumornaturalgas.Somethingthatwilleventuallyrunoutof,

becausewe'reconsumingitatafasterratethanit'sbeingregenerated.Okay,

sowhat'sourprimarysourceofrenewableenergy?Canthesun?Yes.Butit's

6

notsoeasytouseittogenerateelectricitybecauseuh,itdoesn'tworkatnight.

Okay?Anditdoesn*tworkverywellinplaceswhereitscloudyalotofthetime.

That'sright.Andthesun'senergyisnotthateasytocapture.We'retryingto

usegiantpanelscalledsolarcellstocapturethesun'sraysandconvertthem

intoelectricity.Andwe'vehadsomesuccess.But,well,let'sjustsaythat

theideaofusingthesun,astheprincipalsourceofenergyintheUnited

Statesis,well,assomeoneoncesaid,it'skindoflikethesunitselfbigand

bright,butfurtherawaythanitseems.

Okay,nowlet'stalkabouttheoceanasanothersourceofrenewableenergy.

Theoceanhas2kindsofmechanicalenergythatwecanuse,thetides,and

thewaves.Inordertousetides,togenerateelectricity,thedifference

betweenhighandlowtdehastobeatleast5metersorabout16feet.

They'reonlyabout40placesontheplanetwiththatkindoftidalrange.And

there'sactuallyonlyonereallybigtidalenergypowerstationintheworld

that'sinFrance.Yes,Susan.Sodotheybuildadamliketheydoitonsome

rivers?Yes.Theybuildadamacrossthebayandtheyhavegatesand

turbinesinthedam.Andwhenthetidesproducetherequireddifferenceinthe

waterlevelonoppositesidesofthedam,thegatesareopenedandwaters

forcethroughtheturbines,whichturnageneratorwhichproduceselectricity.

Okay,sowhataboutthewaves?Thereare2kindscfpowersystemswecan

usetoconverttheenergyandwavesintoelectricity.There'swhatwecallan

offshoresystemwhereyouhavedevicesthatareinstalledindeepwaterthat

floatonthewavesintheopensea.Andthenyouhavewhatwecallan

onshoresystemwhereyouinstallyourdevicesalongtheshorelinetoextract

theenergyfromwavesthatarebreakingontheshore.Andthereareseveral

varietiesofthesesystems.

I'veneverheardofthat.No,mostpeoplehaven't.Becausewavepowerisa

lotliketidalpower.Youonlyhaveahandfulofplacesintheworldwhereit's

practicaltousewavestoproduceelectricity.Sothere'safundamental

problemwithtryingtoharnesstheocean'smechanicalenergy.

Yes,Ken.Whataboutusingtheheatenergyintheocean?Hasanybodytried

todothat?Imean,Iknowtheoceanhastoabsorbalotofheatfromthesun.

Well,yes,theyhave,asamatteroffact,wehaveaprocesscalledocean

thermalenergyconversionorOTECtoconvertthatheatintoelectricity.The

oceancoversmorethan70%ofearth'ssurface.Andit'slikeahugesolar

panel,ahugesolarcellcollectingsolarenergyandheatingup.Thesunwarms

thesurfacewater,alotmorethanthedeepoceanwater.Andthat

temperaturedifferencecreatesthermalenergy.Ocean,thermalenergy

conversionworksbestwhenthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthesurface

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waterandthedeeperwaterisabout20℃.Youhavethoseconditionsinalot

oftropicalareas.

Actually,theideaoftappingthethermalenergyofoceansgoeswayback.

ThefirstofOTECsystemwasbuiltaround.Ithinkitwas1930.Unfortunately,

OTECsystemsareveryexpensive.Still,therearesomeenergyexpertswho

believethattheymightbeamajorpowersourceinthefuture.Ifwecan

figureouthowtomakethemmoreefficient,andOTECmighthavea

significantsidebenefit.Thereareanumberofvaluablemineralsdissolvedin

oceanwater.Butwhenthey'vestudiedthepossibilityofmining,youknow,

extractingmineralsfromtheocean,they'vealwayssaiditwasn'tfeasible

becauseitwouldcosttoomuchmoney,onetopumpallthatoceanwater

andtwotoextracttheelements.ButifyouhaveOTECplantsalready

pumpingthewater,youdon'thavetoworryaboutthatcost.Youjusthaveto

figureouthowtoreducethecostofextraction.

1.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?

A.Thehistoryofpowerplantsintheocean

B.Differencesbetweenrenewableandnonrenewableenergy

C.Waysofusingtheoceanasasourceofenergy

D.Attemptstoconvertsolarenergyintoelectricity

2.Whatistheprofessor'sopinionaboutsolarenergy?

A.Hebelievesthatitsbenefitsoutweighitscosts

B.Hebelievesthatitismoreefficientthanoceanenergy

C.Hethinksthatitisanespeciallyefficientenergysourcefortropicalregions

D.Hethinksthatitwillbealongtimebeforeitreplacesnonrenewable

energysources

3.Whatconditionmustexistinordertouseoceantidestogenerate

electricity?

A.Theremustbeagreatdifferencebetweenhightideandlowtide.

8

B.Thecurrentmustbestrongevenatlowtide

C.Theheightofhightidesmustberelativelyconsistent.

D.Thepowergeneratorsmustbeatleastfivekilometersfromshore.

4.Whydoestheprofessorcomparetheoceantoasolarpanel?

A.Toclarifythedifferencebetweenoceanenergyardsolarenergy

B.Toexplainwhyoceanthermalenergyconversionispossible

C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofsolarenergy

D.Tosuggestthatsolarpanelsshouldbeplacedontheocean'ssurface

5.Whatdoestheprofessorimplyabouttheocean'sthermalenergy?

A.Itispotentiallymoreusefulthantheocean'smechanicalenergy

B.Itshouldbecombinedwithwavepowertobemoreefficient

C.Itsconversionintoelectricityisafairlynewprocess.

D.Itcouldsupplyupto70percentoftheworld'senergyneeds

6.Accordingtotheprofessor,howmightOTECsystemsfacilitatethe

extractionofmineralsfromoceanwater?

A.Byidentifyingoceanlocationsthathaveahighmineralcontent

B.Byeliminatingtheminingcompany'scostofpumpingoceanwater

C.Byincreasingthemineralcontentofthewater

D.Byraisingwatertemperaturestoalevelatwhichmineralextractionisless

difficult

答案：CDABAB

9

C2

Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.

Hello,professorStevenson,doyouhaveaminute?Yes,howcanIhelpyou?

It'sabouttheessaycontestthattheoneintheEnglishdepartment.Mineis

almostready,butIjustwannacheckwithyou.You'retherightpersonto...to

giveitto.Yes,butlet'sjustmakesureyouressaymeetstheguidelines.

You'reastudent,ofcourse,right?Andcurrentlyenrolled?Yes.Okay.Now,

thisessayhadtooriginallybeendoneasaclassassignment,andyouneeda

statementtothateffectfromyourprofessor.Doyouhavethat?Well,I've

actuallyrewrittenthisquiteabit,butoriginallyitdidstartoffasapaperfor

professorWalker.Yes,v/e'vehadquiteafewfromherclasses.What'sthe

essayabout?Well,don'tworry.Idon'thaveanythingtodowiththejudging.I

justpushthepapersintheirdirection.It'sjusttheprofessorWalkerandour

colleagues.Weteachdifferentsectionsofthesameclasses.SoI'malways

interestedinwhatstudentsaredoing.Oh.Well,it'saboutthethreeBronte

sisters,Emily,AnnandCharlotte,andhowtheyinfluencedeachother.I've

alwaysloved19thcenturyEnglishnovels,especiallytheirs.

Anyway,theessay,itwasaboutsimilaritiesbetweentheirbookswithsome

parallelpassagestoshowhowit'shardtodistinguishthem.It'salmostlike

theyhelpedeachotherwritethebooks.

Right.Yes?Butthenforthecontest,Iaddedsomestuffformyownfamily,my

sisterandIhaveacloserelationship.SoIlikecomparethejournalswewrote

whenwewereinhighschool.Sonowit'smorelikeamemoir,butwiththe

otherstuff,too,ofcourse.

Isee.Well,it'spartoftherulesthatitwascreatedav/rittenforaspecificclass.

Idon'tknowabouttherevisions.They'llbewayaroundit,Wellfigure

somethingout,butatanyrate,wedorequiredocumentationfromthe

professor.

Okay?Rythftway,sincayou'mintarastedinthnFngishnovnl.I'mteachingA

classnextsemester.It'snotexactlythesametimeperiod,it'salittlelater.

ThomasHardyConrad,butimportantworkandinteresting.Youshould

considertakingit.

IO

Well,I'mactuallyajournalismstudent.Iwasdoingahumanitiesrequirement

withthatothercourse,IdidenjoyitandIthinkIwroteagoodpaper,butI'll

probablyconcentrateonjournalismcoursesnextsemester.Itdoessound

interesting,though.Well,keepitinmindjustincase.Okay,thanks.I'llbring

thepaperbylaterwithanotefromprofessorWalker.Fine.Youcancatchme

prettymuchanytimethisafternoon.

1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Anessaythatthestudentissubmittingforacontest

B.AnessaythatthestudentneedstoreviseforProfessorStevenson'sclass

C.AclassthatProfessorStevensonisplanningtoteach

D.Anassignmentforajournalismclass

2.Thestudenthesitateswhentheprofessorasksaboutheressay.What

doestheprofessorinferfromthis?

A.Thatthestudentthinksheisontheevaluationcommittee

B.Thattheessayincludespersonalinformation

C.Thatthestudentisworriedthatheressaywillnotmeettherequirements

D.Thatthestudentishavingtroublerememberingwhattheessayisabout

3.Whatwasthestudent'sessayforProfessorWalkermainlyabout?

A.Anoverviewofnineteenth-centuryEnglishliterature

B.Childhoodmemorieshersisterhaswrittenabout

C.Acomparisonoftheworkofthreewriters

D.Journalistsinthenineteenthcentury

4.Whydoesthestudentmentionthatsheisstudyingjournalism?

A.Totrytohelpherchancesofwinningthecontest

B.ToexplainwhyshewillnottakeProfessorStevenson'sclass

C.Toexplainhowshelearnedaboutthecontest

D.Toexplainwhyshewantstointerviewtheprofessor

5.Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhesaysthis:

A.Heisveilingtohelpthewomanrevisetheessay

B.Hedidnotrealizethatrevisionswerenotallowed

C.Therevisionshavenotimprovedtheessay

D.Therevisedversionoftheessaywillprobablybeacceptable

答案:AACBD

L3

Listentopartofalectureinanarthistoryclass.Theprofessorhasbeen

discussingMesoamerica^aregionthatcoverspartsofMexicoandCentral

America.

So,uh,we'veestablishedthatancientMesoamericanculturesharedunique

art,architectureandtechnologyforthousandsofyears.Uh,whatwe'regonna

talkabouttodayistheartofanotheroneoftheearlyMesoamericancultures,

theOlmeccivilization.

Now,toanalyzeanyworkofart,ithelpstoknowaboutthepeoplewho

createdit.Uh.Theproblemhereisthatwedon'tknowalotaboutthepeople

whocreatedtheOlmeccivilization.Andmuchofwhatweknowaboutthem,

weactuallyonlyknowthroughtheirart.Whydoweknowsolittle?Well,the

Olmeccivilizationbeganaround1,200BCandlastedforjust700years.By

400BCOlmecsocietywasgone.Uh,weknowthatthepeoplelivedinsmall

agriculturalcommunitiesinuh,theswampy,lowlandsofsouthernMexico.

Theyfishedraisedturkeys,hadanextensivetradenetworkofvaluable

materialslikejade.Theyhadawritingsystemaswell.We'llseetheirwriting

onvariouspiecesoftheirartaswestudyit.

12

Butit'stheirart,nottheirwritingthatthey'reknov/nfor.The,uh,Olmec,

createdlargestonesculptures,uh,paintedmurals,finepottery,andlittle

figurescarvedoutofjade.Buttheirgiganticstoneheadsarethemostfamous

oftheirart.Here'sapictureofone.Theseheadsarehuge,approximately3

metershigh.That'satleastawholemetertallerthanmostofus,right?And

they'realmostjustaswide.Uh,theyallhavesimilarfeatures.Uh,theheads

arereallyround,andthey'veallgetbroadnosesandtheseveryfull

down-turnedlips.Itlookslikethey'refrowning.They'resocharacteristic.It's

easywhenyouseeoneoftheheadstolookatitandsay,yep,that'sOlmec.

Andsomethingreallysurprisinguhastonishing,really,theheadswerecarved

outofaveryhardtypeofrockusingonlystonetools.TheOlmecdidn'thave

metaltools.Andandyetwithjustthesestonetools,theycreatedwhatmany

consideredthebestqualitysculpturesinancientMesoamerica.It'sreally

strikinghowtheyachievedsuchremarkablesophistication,withuh,such

basictools.

What'sthathatonitshead?Itlookslikesomekindofhelmetorsomething.

Didtheyweararmor?Youknow,forfightingwars?Well,itisahelmet,and

helmetsliketheseprobablydidprovideprotectioninbattles,butuh,most

archaeologistsandarthistoriansthinkitwasalsousedinaballgame,a

ceremonialballgameoftheOlmecculture.Teamsplayedthegamewitha

rubberballoncourtsthatwerebuiltspeciallyforthesegames,which,which

bringsupaninteresting.Let'ssayyou'vecomeacrossanancientsculpturein

thejungle,andcarvedontoitsheadisahelmet.Butyoudon'tknowanything

aboutthecultureitcamefrom.Soyou'dprobablyassumeitwasfor

protectionduringwar.But,ifyouknewthatotherancientpeoplegroupsinthe

areaplayedabailgame,andyouknewtheyworelotsofprotectiveclothing

duringthegame,thenycu'drealizetheremightbeanothermeaning.Itmight

notbeawarrior,itmightbetheheadofaballplayer.

So,yousee,asanarthistorian,youmustalsostudyuh,beknowledgeableuh,

aboutsubjectslikeumanthropologyand,andarchaeology,uhsothatyou

canseehowdifferentcultureshaveinfluencedoneanother.Youhaveto

understandaculture,itsregion,itsneighbors,toreallyunderstandhowits

artisticstyledeveloped,whatitssymbolsme,tocomeupwithavalid

inter