北京市西城区部分学校2025-2026学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城区部分学校2025-2026学年高一下学期期中英语试题I．听力理解(略)II．完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Ineverunderstoodmygrandmother’sdeeploveforheroldwoodenboxuntilthedayshehandedittome.Thebox,carvedwithdelicatepatterns,hadaccompaniedherthroughsixtyyearsoflife.“Somethingstaketimetorevealtheirtrue____1____,”shesaidsoftly.WhenIfirstopenedthebox,Ifelt____2____.Itcontainednothingbutbrokenclaypieces,fadedphotographs,andsomeyellowedletters.____3____mydisappointment,Grandmasimplysmiledandsaid,“Patience,mychild.”Overthefollowingweeks,I____4____studiedeachitem.Theclaypieces,when____5____fittedtogether,formedabeautifulvasehermotherhadmade.Thephotographstoldstoriesofourfamily’shistory,whiletheletters____6____mygrandfather’sloveduringthewar.Onerainyafternoon,asIwascarefully____7____thelastpieceofthevase,Isuddenlyunderstood.Thiswasn’tjustacollectionof____8____objects;itwasthestoryofalife,patientlywaitingtobe____9____.Theprocesstaughtmemorethanjustfamilyhistory.Ittaughtmeaboutthe____10____ofpatienceandattention.Inourfast-pacedworld,weoften____11____thebeautythatrequirestimetodiscover.Weexpectinstantresultsandimmediateunderstanding,____12____sometreasuresonlyrevealthemselvestothosewillingtowait.Now,whenIfeel____13____orfrustratedbylife’schallenges,Irememberthatwoodenbox.Irememberthatsomeunderstandingcannotbe____14____;itmustbeearnedthroughpatientexploration.Andlikemygrandmother’swisdom,themostvaluablelessonsoftencome____15____,wrappedinsimplicityandwaitingfortherightmomenttobediscovered.1.A.value B.purpose C.secret D.origin2.A.excited B.disappointed C.curious D.amazed3.A.Noticing B.Showing C.Hiding D.Expressing4.A.carelessly B.nervously C.patiently D.potentially5.A.constantly B.perfectly C.finally D.properly6.A.studied B.revealed C.created D.discussed7.A.cleaning B.painting C.placing D.holding8.A.expensive B.ancient C.ordinary D.rare9.A.discovered B.created C.changed D.analyzed10.A.lesson B.cost C.power D.result11.A.forget B.miss C.see D.destroy12.A.while B.because C.unless D.though13.A.pleased B.lost C.hurt D.afraid14.A.taught B.rushed C.bought D.explained15.A.quietly B.obviously C.directly D.frequently【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.C5.D6.B7.C8.C9.A10.C11.B12.A13.B14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者起初不理解祖母对旧木盒的喜爱，在祖母将木盒交给作者后，作者起初打开看到破碎陶片、褪色照片和泛黄信件时感到失望，但随后几周耐心研究这些物品，发现它们背后蕴含着家族故事、祖母母亲的爱以及祖父在战争中的爱，从而领悟到这木盒不只是物品集合，更是一个生命的故事，需要耐心去发现。【1题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些东西需要时间来揭示它们的真正价值。A.value价值；B.purpose目的；C.secret秘密；D.origin起源。根据第二段的“Itcontainednothingbutbrokenclaypieces,fadedphotographs,andsomeyellowedletters”和“Patience,mychild”以及下文提到作者研究盒子里这些物品，发现它们背后蕴含着家族故事、祖母母亲的爱以及祖父在战争中的爱可知，盒子里的东西是有价值的。故选A。【2题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次打开盒子时，我感到失望。A.excited兴奋的；B.disappointed失望的；C.curious好奇的；D.amazed惊讶的。根据后文“Itcontainednothingbutbrokenclaypieces,fadedphotographs,andsomeyellowedletters.”可知盒子里只有破碎的陶片、褪色的照片和泛黄的信件，所以作者感到失望，故选B。【3题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意到我的失望，奶奶只是微笑着说：“孩子，要有耐心。”A.Noticing注意到；B.Showing展示；C.Hiding隐藏；D.Expressing表达。根据下文“mydisappointment,Grandmasimplysmiledandsaid,“Patience,mychild.””可知，奶奶是注意到了作者的失望，所以才说要有耐心，故选A。【4题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，我耐心地研究每一件物品。A.carelessly粗心地；B.nervously紧张地；C.patiently耐心地；D.potentially潜在地。根据上文“Patience,mychild”可知，作者耐心地研究每一件物品，故选C。【5题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些陶片，当恰当地拼合在一起时，形成了一个她母亲制作的美丽花瓶。A.constantly不断地；B.perfectly完美地；C.finally最后；D.properly合适地。根据下文“formedabeautifulvase”可知，要把陶片拼成花瓶，应该是恰当地拼合，故选D。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些照片讲述了我们家族的历史，而这些信件揭示了爷爷在战争期间的爱。A.studied学习；B.revealed揭示；C.created创造；D.discussed讨论。根据上文letters和下文“mygrandfather’sloveduringthewar”可知，信件能揭示爷爷的爱，故选B。【7题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个下雨的下午，当我小心翼翼地放置花瓶的最后一块碎片时，我突然明白了。A.cleaning清理；B.painting绘画；C.placing放置；D.holding握住。根据第5空后的“fittedtogether”和下文“lastpieceofthevase”可知，作者把陶片拼起来，所以此处是指放置花瓶的最后一块碎片，故选C。【8题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不仅仅是一堆普通物品的集合；它是一个生命的故事，耐心地等待着被发现。A.expensive昂贵的；B.ancient古老的；C.ordinary普通的；D.rare稀有的。根据第二段“claypieces,fadedphotographs,andsomeyellowedletters”可知，盒子里的东西看上去是普通的物品。故选C。【9题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅仅是一堆普通物品的集合；它是一个生命的故事，耐心地等待着被发现。A.discovered发现；B.created创造；C.changed改变；D.analyzed分析。根据上文“revealtheirtrue”可知，此处是指发现这些故事。故选A。【10题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它教会了我耐心和专注的力量。A.lesson课程；B.cost成本；C.power力量；D.result结果。根据下文“patienceandattention”和下文“sometreasuresonlyrevealthemselvestothosewillingtowait”可知，此处是指耐心和专注是有力量的。故选C。【11题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们这个快节奏的世界里，我们常常错过需要时间才能发现的美。A.forget忘记；B.miss错过；C.see看见；D.destroy破坏。根据上文“Inourfast-pacedworld”和下文“Weexpectinstantresultsandimmediateunderstanding”可知，在快节奏的世界里，我们会错过需要时间才能发现的美。故选B。【12题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们期望立刻得到结果，立刻理解，而有些珍宝只向愿意等待的人展现自己。A.while然而；B.because因为；C.unless除非；D.though虽然。根据上文“Weexpectinstantresultsandimmediateunderstanding”和下文“sometreasuresonlyrevealthemselvestothosewillingtowait”可知，我们期望立刻得到结果，而有些宝贵的东西只有愿意等待的人才能看见。故选A。【13题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我对生活的挑战感到迷茫或沮丧时，我会想起那个木盒子。A.pleased高兴的；B.lost迷茫的；C.hurt受伤的；D.afraid害怕的。根据下文“orfrustratedbylife’schallenges”可知，此处是指对生活中的挑战感到迷茫。故选B。【14题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得有些理解不能急于求成；它必须通过耐心的探索来获得。A.taught教；B.rushed匆忙；C.bought买；D.explained解释。根据下文“itmustbeearnedthroughpatientexploration”可知，有些理解不能匆忙获得。故选B。【15题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：就像我祖母的智慧一样，最有价值的教训往往是默不作声地，包裹在简单之中，等待着合适的时机被发现。A.quietly悄悄地；B.obviously明显地；C.directly直接地；D.frequently频繁地。根据下文“wrappedinsimplicityandwaitingfortherightmomenttobediscovered”可知，此处指最有价值的教训会默不作声地出现。故选A。III．阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhatisPayQuick?PayQuickisafastpaymentserviceforshoppinginthebiggestsupermarketintheUK—Tesco.Itallowsyoutoaddyourcreditordebitcarddetailstotheappsoyoucanuseyoursmartphonetopayforyourshoppingwithjustonescan,whichmeansyoucangowallet-freeinallUKTescostores.Whatarethebenefits?●CollectyourTescopointsautomatically●Payforyourweeklyshoppingupto£250●UsePayQuickoffline,evenwithnosignal●TrackyourspendinginTescoHowever,onlyonequalifyingdealperweekwillcollecttheextraTescopoints.Additionalpaymentsinthesameweekwon’treceiveextrapoints.TescopointswillbeaddedtoyourfutureTescopointsstatement.HowtogetyourPayQuick?Availabletonewcustomerswhosignupby3rdMay2024,thePayQuickappcanbedownloadedfromtheAppStoreorourofficialwebsite.Onceyouhavetheapponyourphone,registeryourpersonaldetailsontheapptogetanaccount.Notethatforeachcustomer,onlyoneaccountisallowedandafamilysharedaccountwillnotbeacknowledged.Finally,withallthepreparationworkdone,you’llbereadytoshopusingjustyourphone.Plus,there’snoneedtoworryaboutyourbankdetailsbeingstoredonyourphone—they’reallsecurelyprotectedinourdatacenters.Sonotonlyisitquickerandeasier,it’ssaferthangoingshoppingwithyourwalletaswell.16.IfcustomersusePayQuickinUKTescostores,theycan________.A.gettheirTescopointsautomaticallyB.purchasethingsonlyofflineC.keeptrackoftheirdailyspendingD.payfortheirshoppingwithoutlimit17.PayQuickusersareNOTallowedto________.A.registerby3rdMay2024B.downloadthePayQuickappC.sharetheaccountwiththeirfamilyD.bringtheirphoneswiththem18.Whatistheauthor’sintentioninwritingthispassage?A.ToensurethesafetyofPayQuick.B.TopopularizetheuseofPayQuick.C.TostresstheimportanceofPayQuick.D.TointroducetheapplicationofPayQuick.【答案】16.A17.C18.B【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了英国最大超市Tesco推出的快速支付服务PayQuick的相关信息、优势及使用方法。【16题详析】细节理解题。根据Whatarethebenefits?部分中的“CollectyourTescopointsautomatically(自动收集你的Tesco积分)”可知，如果顾客使用PayQuick，他们可以自动获得Tesco积分。【17题详析】细节理解题。根据HowtogetyourPayQuick?部分的“Notethatforeachcustomer,onlyoneaccountisallowedandafamilysharedaccountwillnotbeacknowledged.(每位用户仅可注册一个账号，不认可家庭共用账号。)”可知，用户不可以和家人共用同一个账号。【18题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“PayQuickisafastpaymentserviceforshoppinginthebiggestsupermarketintheUK—Tesco.Itallowsyoutoaddyourcreditordebitcarddetailstotheappsoyoucanuseyoursmartphonetopayforyourshoppingwithjustonescan,whichmeansyoucangowallet-freeinallUKTescostores.(PayQuick是英国最大的超市Tesco购物的快速支付服务。它允许您将信用卡或借记卡详细信息添加到应用程序中，这样您就可以使用智能手机只需扫描一次即可支付购物费用，这意味着您可以在所有英国乐购商店无需携带钱包。)”可知，文章主要介绍了英国最大超市Tesco推出的快速支付服务PayQuick，包括其优势、使用方法以及安全性等信息，旨在推广PayQuick的使用，因此，本文的目的是推广PayQuick的使用。B“Areyouallright?”thestudentaskedasshepassedmeinthehallway.Iwasinthefinalstretchoflastworkbeforewritingmyessay.Thestudent,whowas4yearsbehindmeinthesamePh.D.program,wentontosay,“Iseepeoplefromyourgroupworkingsomuch,puttinginextrahours,evenatnight.”Itsetmethinkingalot.Asafirst-yearPh.D.student,Iwasluckytohavekindandunderstandingadvisers.ButIfeltoverwhelmingpressuretobecomeaperfectstudent.IkeptfindingamillionreasonswhyIwascomingintograduateschoolatadisadvantagecomparedwithmypeers.AsastudentfromColombia,Ihadbeeneducatedatinstitutionsmyprofessorsandcolleagueshadneverheardof.Ispokewithanaccentthatwashardtounderstand,andIwasolderthanmostofthepeopleinmycohort.Inoticedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmeseemedtobeworkingallthetime.Ibegantospendmanyweekdaynightsandweekendsinthelab.Butmystrategydidn’twork.Icrashedfromburnout.Thetirednesstookatollonmyproductivityandmotivation.DuringoneofmanymindlessSundaysintheoffice,IrealizedI’dfallenintothetrapofassumingmycolleagues’workhabitswerethestandardforbelongingandbeingworthyofrespect—anditwasn’tsustainable.Fromthenon,IstoppedcountingthenumberofworkhoursIwasputtingin,leavingspaceeverydayforexercisinganddoingactivitiesthatIenjoyed.Finally,IrealizednobodywaskeepingtrackoftheamountoftimeIspentinthelabanywayanditwasn’tsomethingIneededtoworryabout.InoticedthathavingmoretimeformyselfmadememorerestedandmotivatedwhenIwentbacktowork.Icontinuedquietlyalongthispathforyears,untilthatconversationinthehallway.So,whenIranintoheragain,weekslater,ItoldherthateventhoughIwasfeelingalotofpressureinthefinalyearofmyPh.D.,Iwasputtingmymentalandphysicalhealthfirstandwasn’tworkingovertime.Ialsobegantotalkwithotherstudentsabouthowqualitysleep,physicalactivity,healthyeating,andreasonableworkhourswereadailypartofmyroutine.19.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentwhotalkedtotheauthorinthehallway?A.Shespentmuchtimeonlabwork. B.ShehadfinishedthePh.D.program.C.Shewasputtinginextrahoursatnight. D.Shewasconcernedabouttheauthor.20.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthisworkatfirst?A.Ambitious. B.Anxious. C.Disappointed. D.Enthusiastic.21.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“tookatollon”inPara.3?A.addedfuelto B.castnewlightonC.hadanegativeimpacton D.dependedtoomuchon22.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry.B.Everydoghashisday.C.Fittingindoesn’tmeanworkingovertime.D.Ahealthywork-lifebalancecounts.【答案】19.D20.B21.C22.D【语篇解读】作者通过讲述自己博士生的经历，讨论了在研究生院时，如何避免过度工作和压力，保持身心健康，提高个人工作效率。【19题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的““Areyouallright?”thestudentaskedasshepassedmeinthehallway.Iwasinthefinalstretchoflastworkbeforewritingmyessay.Thestudent,whowas4yearsbehindmeinthesamePh.D.program,wentontosay,“Iseepeoplefromyourgroupworkingsomuch,puttinginextrahours,evenatnight.”(“你没事吧?”那个学生在走廊里从我身边经过时问道。在写论文之前，我正处于最后一项工作的最后阶段。那个比我晚4年读博士的学生接着说：“我看到你们组的人工作很努力，加班加点，甚至在晚上也加班。”)”可知，这个学生关注作者的情况，询问作者身体状况，所以是很关心作者。【20题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Asafirst-yearPh.D.student,Iwasluckytohavekindandunderstandingadvisers.ButIfeltoverwhelmingpressuretobecomeaperfectstudent.IkeptfindingamillionreasonswhyIwascomingintograduateschoolatadisadvantagecomparedwithmypeers.AsastudentfromColombia,Ihadbeeneducatedatinstitutionsmyprofessorsandcolleagueshadneverheardof.Ispokewithanaccentthatwashardtounderstand,andIwasolderthanmostofthepeopleinmycohort.(作为一名一年级的博士生，我很幸运有善良、善解人意的导师。但我感到了成为一个完美学生的巨大压力。我一直在找无数个理由，为什么我进入研究生院时，与同龄人相比处于劣势。作为一名来自哥伦比亚的学生，我在教授和同事们从未听说过的机构接受教育，我说话的口音让人听不懂，而且我比同龄人中的大多数人都年长)”可知，作者在刚开始的时候感到压力很大，担心自己的口音和年龄，所以，起初作者是感觉焦虑的。【21题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线短语前的“Icrashedfromburnout.(我精疲力竭了)”以及后文“DuringoneofmanymindlessSundaysintheoffice,IrealizedI’dfallenintothetrapofassumingmycolleagues’workhabitswerethestandardforbelongingandbeingworthyofrespect—anditwasn’tsustainable.(在办公室里度过的无所事事的星期天里，我意识到自己掉进了一个陷阱，以为同事的工作习惯就是归属感和值得尊重的标准——而这是不可持续的)”可知，作者精疲力竭，在办公室工作时，毫无头绪，所以疲劳影响了他的工作效率，由此推知tookatollon是“对……有负面影响”之意，和C项意思相近。【22题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Fromthenon,IstoppedcountingthenumberofworkhoursIwasputtingin,leavingspaceeverydayforexercisinganddoingactivitiesthatIenjoyed.Finally,IrealizednobodywaskeepingtrackoftheamountoftimeIspentinthelabanywayanditwasn’tsomethingIneededtoworryabout.(从那以后，我不再计算自己的工作时长，每天留出时间锻炼身体、做自己喜欢的事。最终我明白，本来就没人在意我在实验室待了多久，这件事根本没必要忧心)”以及最后一段“So,whenIranintoheragain,weekslater,ItoldherthateventhoughIwasfeelingalotofpressureinthefinalyearofmyPh.D.,Iwasputtingmymentalandphysicalhealthfirstandwasn’tworkingovertime.Ialsobegantotalkwithotherstudentsabouthowqualitysleep,physicalactivity,healthyeating,andreasonableworkhourswereadailypartofmyroutine.(所以，几周后，当我再次遇到她时，我告诉她，尽管我在博士学位的最后一年感到压力很大，但我还是把心理和身体健康放在第一位，没有加班。我也开始和其他学生谈论高质量的睡眠、体育锻炼、健康的饮食和合理的工作时间是我日常生活的一部分)”可知，作者主要想要告诉读者健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。CLivinginacityisawell-knownriskfactorfordevelopingamentaldisorder,whilelivingclosetonatureislargelybeneficialformentalhealthandthebrain.Acentralbrainregion,theamygdala(杏仁核)involvedinstressprocessing,hasbeenshowntobelessactivatedduringstressinpeoplelivinginruralareas,comparedtothosewholiveincities,hintingatthepotentialbenefitsofnature.“Butsofarthehen-and-eggproblemcouldnotberesolved,namelywhethernatureactuallycausedtheeffectsinthebrainorwhethertheparticularindividualschosetoliveinruralorurbanregions,”saysSonjaSudimac.Toachievecausalevidence,theresearchersfromthegroupexaminedbrainactivityinregionsinvolvedinstressprocessingin63healthyvolunteersbeforeandafteraone-hourwalkinGrunewaldforestorashoppingstreetwithtrafficinBerlin.Theresultsrevealedthatactivityintheamygdaladecreasedafterthewalkinnature,suggestingthatnatureelicitsbeneficialeffectsonbrainregionsrelatedtostress.“Theresultssupportthepreviouslyassumedpositiverelationshipbetweennatureandbrainhealth,butthisisthefirststudytoprovethecausallink.Interestingly,thebrainactivityaftertheurbanwalkintheseregionsremainedstableandshowednoincreases,whicharguesagainstacommonlyheldviewthaturbanexposurecausesadditionalstress,”explainsSimoneKühn,headofthegroup.Theauthorsshowthatnaturehasapositiveimpactonbrainregionsinvolvedinstressprocessingandthatitcanalreadybeobservedafteraone-hourwalk.Thiscontributestotheunderstandingofhowourphysicallivingenvironmentaffectsbrainandmentalhealth.Evenashortexposuretonaturedecreasesamygdalaactivity,suggestingthatawalkinnaturecouldserveasapreventivemeasureagainstdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsandreducingthepotentiallydisadvantageousimpactofthecityonthebrain.Inordertoinvestigatebeneficialeffectsofnatureindifferentpopulationsandagegroups,theresearchersarecurrentlyworkingonastudyexamininghowaone-hourwalkinnaturalversusurbanenvironmentsimpactsstressinmothersandtheirbabies.23.Whatdoesthehen-and-eggproblemmeanbySonjaSudimac?A.Livinginruralareasactuallyaffectsbrainactivity.B.Peopleincitiestendtohaveahigherriskofmentalproblems.C.It’sunnecessarytoworkoutthecomplexissueofstressandhealth.D.It’shardtoclarifytheimpactoflivingenvironmentonmentalhealth.24.Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?A.Byquotingauthoritativeexperts.B.Byinterviewinghealthyvolunteers.C.Byresearchingonaprevioustheory.D.Bycomparingvolunteers’amygdalaactivities.25.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Benefitsofaregularwalkinnature.B.Thefocusofthefollow-upresearch.C.Anappealforlivinginurbanregions.D.Nature’spositiveeffectsonwomenandchildren.26.Whichofthefollowingbestservesasthetitleofthepassage?A.NatureExposure:BenefitsforBrainStressB.Urban-RuralLiving:MentalImpactDebatesC.AmygdalaActivity:KeytoStressReliefD.UrbanEnvironment:BrainHealthRisks【答案】23.D24.D25.B26.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于自然对人大脑产生的影响的研究结果。研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Butsofarthehen-and-eggproblemcouldnotberesolved,namelywhethernatureactuallycausedtheeffectsinthebrainorwhethertheparticularindividualschosetoliveinruralorurbanregions(但到目前为止，‘先有鸡还是先有蛋’的问题仍未得到解决，即，究竟是自然真的对大脑产生了这些影响，还是特定个体选择了在农村或城市地区居住)”可知，SonjaSudimac的“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选D。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Toachievecausalevidence,theresearchersfromthegroupexaminedbrainactivityinregionsinvolvedinstressprocessingin63healthyvolunteersbeforeandafteraone-hourwalkinGrunewaldforestorashoppingstreetwithtrafficinBerlin.Theresultsrevealedthatactivityintheamygdaladecreasedafterthewalkinnature,suggestingthatnatureelicitsbeneficialeffectsonbrainregionsrelatedtostress.(为了获取因果关系的证据，该研究小组的科研人员对63名健康志愿者在柏林格鲁内瓦尔德森林或一条车水马龙的商业街散步一小时前后，大脑中参与压力处理的区域的活动情况进行了检测。结果显示，在自然环境中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少，这表明自然对与压力相关的大脑区域产生了有益影响。)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D。【25题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Inordertoinvestigatebeneficialeffectsofnatureindifferentpopulationsandagegroups,theresearchersarecurrentlyworkingonastudyexamininghowaone-hourwalkinnaturalversusurbanenvironmentsimpactsstressinmothersandtheirbabies.(为了探究自然对不同人群和年龄段的益处，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，考察在自然与城市环境中散步一小时对母亲及其婴儿压力的影响。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选B。【26题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Theresultsrevealedthatactivityintheamygdaladecreasedafterthewalkinnature,suggestingthatnatureelicitsbeneficialeffectsonbrainregionsrelatedtostress.(结果显示，在自然环境中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少，这表明自然对与压力相关的大脑区域产生了有益影响。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益，因此最好的标题是A选项“NatureExposure:BenefitsforBrainStress(接触自然：对大脑压力的益处)”。故选A。DYouspendathirdofyourlifeasleep,acertainpartofwhichinvolvesdreaming.Butmostoften,youdon’trememberanyofyourdreams.Whiletheexactreasonofwhywecanhardlyrecallourdreamsisnotfullyknown,scientistshavegottensomeinsightintomemoryprocessesduringsleep,leadingtoseveralideasthatmayexplainourforgetfulness.Youareawake,butisyourhippocampus(海马体)awake?Whenwefallasleep,notallthebrain’sregionsgoofflineatthesametime.Researchershavefoundoneofthelastregionstogotosleepisthehippocampus,astructureinbrainthatisimportantformovinginformationfromshort-termmemoryintolong-termmemory.“Ifthehippocampusisthelasttogotosleep,itcouldverywellbethelasttowakeup,”saidThomasAndrillon,aneuroscientistatMonashUniversityinMelbourne,Australia.“So,youcouldhavethiswindowwhereyouwakeupwithadreaminyourshort-termmemory,butsincethehippocampusisnotfullyawakeyet,yourbrainisnotabletokeepthatmemory,”AndrillontoldLiveScience.Whilethismightexplainwhydreammemoriesaresofleeting,itdoesn’tmeanthatyourhippocampushasbeeninactivethroughoutthenight.Infact,thisregionisquiteactiveduringsleep,andappearstobestoringandcaringforexistingmemoriestostrengthenthem,insteadoflisteningforincomingnewexperiences.Sometimesyourdreamsarejustnotmemorable?Doyourememberwhatyouwerethinkingaboutthismorningwhenbrushingyourteeth?Ourmindswanderallthetime,butwegetridofmostofthosethoughtsasunimportantinformation.Dreams,especiallyordinaryones,maybejustlikedaydreamingthoughtsandbelievedbythebraintobetoouselesstoremember.Butdreamsthataremorevivid,emotionalandcoherent(连贯的)seemtobebetterremembered-perhapsbecausetheycausemoreawakening,andtheirorganizedstorymakesthemeasiertostore.Ifyouareinterestedinimprovingyourdreamrecall,thereareafewtrickstotry.Oneisdrinkingwaterbeforebed,becauseitwillmakeyouwakeupatnighttousethebathroom.Thesemiddle-of-the-nightawakeningsarefrequentlyaccompaniedbydreamrecall.Repeatedlyremindingyourselfthatyouwanttorememberyourdreamsmayincreaseyourchances,andsodoeskeepingadreamjournal,somestudieshavesuggested.Uponwakingup,hangontothatfragile(脆弱的)dreammemory:keepyoureyesclosed,staystillandreplaythedreammemory,untilyourhippocampuscatchesupandproperlystoresthememory.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutdreamsfromthepassage?A.Dreamingmeansprocessingmemoryduringsleeping.B.Dreamscomefromyourhippocampus.C.Dreamsaresometimesuselessforustoremember.D.Weneedspecialtrainingstorecallourdreams.28.Youcan’trememberyourdreamswhenyouwakeupprobablybecause________.A.youareforgetfulandpoorinrememberingthingsB.yourdreamsarevivid,emotionalandcoherentC.yourhippocampusisactiveinreceivingnewinformationD.yourbrainneedstostartuptomovedreamsintolong-termmemory29.WhichofthefollowingCANNOThelpyoutorecalladream?A.Improvetheabilityofyourhippocampustocatchupinformation.B.Keepremindingyourselfoftheneedtorememberyourdreams.C.Recordwhatyoucanrememberinyourdreamsuponawakening.D.Thinkbackonthethingsinyourdreamsdirectlyafteryouwakeup.30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Totelltheimportanceofdreams.B.Toexplainourforgetfulnessindreams.C.Topresentsomemethodstorecalldreams.D.Toanalyzehowourbraindealwithinformation.【答案】27.C28.D29.A30.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们难以回忆起梦境的原因，并介绍了一些有助于提高梦境回忆能力的方法。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据第六段“Dreams,especiallyordinaryones,maybejustlikedaydreamingthoughtsandbelievedbythebraintobetoouselesstoremember.(梦，尤其是普通的梦，可能就像白日梦的想法一样，大脑认为它们太无用而无需记住)”可知，有些梦对我们来说可能没有记住的价值。故选C。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchershavefoundoneofthelastregionstogotosleepisthehippocampus,astructureinbrainthatisimportantformovinginformationfromshort-termmemoryintolong-termmemory.(研究人员发现，最后进入睡眠状态的区域之一是海马体，这是大脑中的一个结构，对于将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆至关重要)”以及第四段““Ifthehippocampusisthelasttogotosleep,itcouldverywellbethelasttowakeup,”saidThomasAndrillon,aneuroscientistatMonashUniversityinMelbourne,Australia.“So,youcouldhavethiswindowwhereyouwakeupwithadreaminyourshort-termmemory,butsincethehippocampusisnotfullyawakeyet,yourbrainisnotabletokeepthatmemory,”AndrillontoldLiveScience.(“如果海马体是最后进入睡眠的，那它很可能也是最后醒来的，”澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学的神经科学家托马斯・安德里隆说。“所以，你可能会有这样一个阶段，醒来时梦还在你的短期记忆中，但由于海马体还没有完全清醒，你的大脑无法保留这段记忆。”安德里隆告诉《生活科学》杂志)”可知，当我们醒来时，梦处于短期记忆中，但因为海马体未完全苏醒，大脑无法将梦的记忆从短期转为长期，即大脑需要启动海马体来将梦转化为长期记忆，否则就记不住梦。所以，你醒来时记不住梦可能是因为大脑需要启动来将梦转化为长期记忆，故选D。【29题详析】细节理解题题。根据最后一段“Repeatedlyremindingyourselfthatyouwanttorememberyourdreamsmayincreaseyourchances,andsodoeskeepingadreamjournal,somestudieshavesuggested.Uponwakingup,hangontothatfragile(脆弱的)dreammemory:keepyoureyesclosed,staystillandreplaythedreammemory,untilyourhippocampuscatchesupandproperlystoresthememory.(一些研究表明，反复提醒自己想要记住梦可能会增加记住梦的机会，写梦的日记也是如此。醒来后，抓住那脆弱的梦的记忆：闭上眼睛，保持静止，重放梦的记忆，直到你的海马体跟上并正确存储记忆)”可知，选项B（不断提醒自己需要记住梦）、选项C（醒来后记录你能记住的梦中内容）和选项D（醒来后直接回想梦中的事情）都有助于回忆梦，而选项A（提高海马体捕捉信息的能力）文中未提及能帮助回忆梦，故选A。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Youspendathirdofyourlifeasleep,acertainpartofwhichinvolvesdreaming.Butmostoften,youdon’trememberanyofyourdreams.(你一生中有三分之一的时间在睡觉，其中一部分时间会做梦。但大多数时候，你什么梦都不记得)”，提出人们记不住梦这一现象。接着第二段“Whiletheexactreasonofwhywecanhardlyrecallourdreamsisnotfullyknown,scientistshavegottensomeinsightintomemoryprocessesduringsleep,leadingtoseveralideasthatmayexplainourforgetfulness.(虽然我们几乎记不起梦的确切原因尚未完全明了，但科学家们对睡眠期间的记忆过程有了一些了解，从而产生了一些可以解释我们遗忘现象的观点)”表明文章要解释记不住梦的原因，后文从海马体的状态、梦本身特点等方面展开解释。所以文章主要目的是解释我们在梦中的遗忘现象，故选B。IV．阅读表达(46—48题，每题2分;49题4分。共10分)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Theworldisbecominglesslivablebecauseofclimatechangeandthelossofnature.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhelpyouandyourfriendschangeyourlifestylesanddosomethingtomakeahealthierplanet?HowcanweempoweryoungpeopletohelpprotecttheEarth?Educationmighthelp.Foryears,expertshavedevelopedenvironmentaleducationprogramswiththegoalofhelpingpeopleunderstandthenaturalenvironmentandwhatwecandotoprotectit.Manyenvironmentaleducationprogramsaredevelopedforyoungpeoplelikeyou.Youhavemorepowertomakeadifferencethanyoumightthink.Why?Youhavealongfutureaheadofyou.Thismeansthathowyouchoosetolivenowwillmakeabigdifferenceoverthecourseofyourlife.Yourlifestylechoicescaneveninspire(激励)yourparentsandgrandparents’generations.Environmentaleducationprogramsseemlikeaverygoodthing.Butdotheyreallywork?Theshortanswerisyes.Bysearchinglargeonlinedatabases(数据库)ofscientificstudies,wefoundthatenvironmentaleducationprogramsdeeplyinfluencepeople’sknowledge:Youngpeoplewhotakepartinenvironmentaleducationlearnalotaboutnature,theclimate,andwhattheycandotoprotecttheenvironment.Wealsofoundthatenvironmentaleducationhasmeaningfuleffectsonattitudes:Youngpeoplefeelpositiveabouttheenvironmentandmotivated(有动力的)toprotectit.Finally,environmentaleducationencouragesenvironmentalbehavior:Youngpeoplewhohavetakenpartinenvironmentaleducationaremorelikelytodothingstoprotecttheenvironment,suchasrecyclingwasteortakingshortershowerstosavewater,carryingareusablewaterbottle,orturningoffthelightswhenleavingaroom.Overall,wefoundthebenefitsofenvironmentaleducationprogramscanbeve