山东省临沂市2026届高三下学期一模考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省临沂市2026届高三下学期一模考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThischartshowsglobalGDPpercapita,adjustedforinflation.Lookingattheworldeconomyfromthisperspective,itisthesteadinessofthischangethatstandsout.Averageincomesperpersonhaverisenatafairlyconstantpaceofroughly2%peryear,interruptedonlybythe2008financialcrisisandthe2020pandemic.Adefinitionofeconomicgrowththatcanbefoundinmanypublicationsis“anincreaseintheamountofgoodsandservicesproducedperheadofthepopulationoveraperiodoftime.”Thereisoneexampleofhowgrowthispossibleandwhateconomicgrowthis.Afewcenturiesago,theonlywaytoproduceabookwasforascribe(抄写员)tocopyitword-for-wordbyhand.Bookproductionwasaslowprocess;ittookascribeabouteightmonthsofdailyworktoproduceasinglecopyoftheBible.Itwassolaboriousthatonlyveryfewbookswereproduced.Butthen,inthe15thcentury,JohannesGutenbergdevelopedanewproductiontechnology,anditchangedthingsdramatically.Insteadofspendingmonthstoproduceonebook,aworkerwasnowabletoproduceseveralbooksaday.Books,whichwerepreviouslyonlyavailabletoatinygroup,becameavailabletomoreandmorepeople.Actually,nationaleconomieschange.Someeconomiesslow;manyothersgrowandmoregenerally,somemajorpoliticalshiftstakeplace.Yetwhenallofthisiscombined,theglobalaveragefollowsaremarkablysmoothupwardtrend.1.What’sthemoststrikingfeatureofworldeconomy?A.Theslowdownofglobalgrowthafterthe2008financialcrisis.B.Therapidgrowthofglobalgrowthduetotechnologicalprogress.C.Thepermanentinterruptiontoglobalgrowthbythe2020pandemic.D.Therelativeconsistencyofglobalgrowthoverthelastthreedecades.2.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheconceptofeconomicgrowth?A.Bycitinganexpert. B.Bylistingdefinitions.C.Bygivinganexample. D.Byprovidingstatistics.3.Whatisthekeyfactorthatledtothedramaticchangeinbookproduction?A.Theemergenceofworkers. B.Theprintingpresstechnology.C.Thewideavailabilityofpaper. D.Thegrowingnumberofscribes.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了全球人均GDP近三十年增长相对稳定，仅受2008年金融危机和2020年疫情短暂影响。作者以古腾堡印刷术为例，说明技术进步能推动生产效率提升，进而实现经济增长。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Lookingattheworldeconomyfromthisperspective,itisthesteadinessofthischangethatstandsout.Averageincomesperpersonhaverisenatafairlyconstantpaceofroughly2%peryear,interruptedonlybythe2008financialcrisisandthe2020pandemic.(从这个角度来看，全球经济的变化之所以引人注目，是因为其变化的稳定性。人均收入一直以大约每年2%的稳定速度增长，只是在2008年金融危机和2020年疫情期间有所中断)”可知，世界经济最显著的特点是在过去三十年里，全球经济增长的相对稳定性。故选D。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Adefinitionofeconomicgrowththatcanbefoundinmanypublicationsis“anincreaseintheamountofgoodsandservicesproducedperheadofthepopulationoveraperiodoftime.”Thereisoneexampleofhowgrowthispossibleandwhateconomicgrowthis.Afewcenturiesago,theonlywaytoproduceabookwasforascribe(抄写员)tocopyitword-for-wordbyhand.Bookproductionwasaslowprocess;ittookascribeabouteightmonthsofdailyworktoproduceasinglecopyoftheBible.(许多出版物中对经济增长的定义是：“在一定时期内，人均所生产的商品和服务数量的增加。”这里有一个关于经济增长如何实现以及经济增长是什么的示例。几个世纪以前，要出版一本书，唯一的办法就是由抄写员逐字逐句地手抄完成。书籍的出版是一个缓慢的过程；一个抄写员每天工作约八个月才能完成一本《圣经》的抄写工作)”可知，作者通过举例的方式阐释经济增长这一概念。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Butthen,inthe15thcentury,JohannesGutenbergdevelopedanewproductiontechnology,anditchangedthingsdramatically.Insteadofspendingmonthstoproduceonebook,aworkerwasnowabletoproduceseveralbooksaday.Books,whichwerepreviouslyonlyavailabletoatinygroup,becameavailabletomoreandmorepeople.(但随后，在15世纪，约翰内斯·古腾堡开发出了一种新的生产技术，这彻底改变了局面。以前要花费数月时间才能制作出一本书，而现在一名工人每天就能生产出好几本。此前只有极少数人能够获得书籍，而如今越来越多的人能够接触到书籍了)”可知，导致书籍生产发生巨大变革的关键因素是印刷技术。故选B。BChristmastimewithkidsisfilledwithwarmtraditions:ListeningtoChristmasmusicwhiledecoratingthetree,goingtolookatChristmaslightswithhotchocolateinhand,andtakingthekidstovisitSantaClaus.Well,deletethatlastone.Atleastformyfamily.ParentsthinkabouthowfunitwillbeatfirsttotaketheirkidstoseeSanta,ortellthemgiftsareontheirwayfromSanta,butthiscomeswithaseriesofannoyingquestionsaboutMr.Clauslikehowhemakesittoallthehousesinonenight,aswellasthebrokentrustafterrevealingthetruth.Ididn’twantthat.YoumaythinkthatourChristmaseswererigid,stuffy,andwithoutanywarmthormagic.Idon’tthinkso.PartofthatisduetowhatItaughtmykidsaboutChristmas.InsteadoftellingthemSantaisreal,ItoldthemitmostlikelyhasitsoriginsinSt.Nicholas,amanwhowaskindandgeneroustochildreninneed.Netflix’s2021movie“ABoyCalledChristmas”isausefultoolforhelpingkidsconnectChristmasmythsandtraditionswithrealitywhilekeepingthespiritofgenerosityalive.ThemonthofDecemberisfilledwithmovieandgamenights,playsandconcerts.Thesefamilytraditionshaveaddedflavortomykids’entirechildhood.Hopefully,theyknownowthatit’sthetimewithfamily,doingspecialthingstogether,thatcreatesthemagicandthatmyloveforthemgoeswellbeyondjustoneday—andthatmagic,wonderandawecanhappenanytimewithfamily,especiallyifweremaingenerousandgrateful.Mykidsareoldernow,andthey’regladtheydidn’tbelievethemythofSanta.Itwasonefewerbadmemoryforthem,onefewerblowtotheirinnocentchildhood.4.Whatisspecialfortheauthor’sfamily’sChristmastime?A.AppreciatingChristmaslights. B.skippingvisitingSantaClaus.C.UnlockingsecretsofSantaClaus. D.HelpingSantaClausdelivergifts.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveytoherkidsinparagraph3?A.Generositycomesfromreality. B.WarmthcountstoChristmas.C.St.Nicholasisanunsunghero. D.Santamythwillbreakkids’trust.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowbymentioning“themagicofChristmas”?A.ToprovethattheSantamythisnotnecessaryforChristmas.B.ToexplainwhyfamilyentertainmentsarepopularinDecember.C.ToshowthatChristmasisthemostmagicalfestivalforfamilies.D.TostressthatsharedfamilytimeisthecoreofChristmas’charm.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Rigidbutcaring. B.Generousanddevoted.C.Distantbutunconventional. D.Thoughtfulandinsightful.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在圣诞节期间不让孩子相信圣诞老人神话，而是通过讲述圣尼古拉斯的故事和家庭共度时光来传递慷慨与感恩的节日精神。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Christmastimewithkidsisfilledwithwarmtraditions:ListeningtoChristmasmusicwhiledecoratingthetree,goingtolookatChristmaslightswithhotchocolateinhand,andtakingthekidstovisitSantaClaus.Well,deletethatlastone.Atleastformyfamily.(与孩子们一起度过的圣诞节充满了温馨的传统：装饰圣诞树时听圣诞音乐，手捧热巧克力去看圣诞灯饰，带孩子们去拜访圣诞老人。嗯，删掉最后一项。至少对我的家人来说是这样)”可知，作者家庭的特别之处在于跳过了拜访圣诞老人这一项。故选B项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“YoumaythinkthatourChristmaseswererigid,stuffy,andwithoutanywarmthormagic.Idon’tthinkso.PartofthatisduetowhatItaughtmykidsaboutChristmas.InsteadoftellingthemSantaisreal,ItoldthemitmostlikelyhasitsoriginsinSt.Nicholas,amanwhowaskindandgeneroustochildreninneed.Netflix’s2021movie“ABoyCalledChristmas”isausefultoolforhelpingkidsconnectChristmasmythsandtraditionswithrealitywhilekeepingthespiritofgenerosityalive.(你或许以为我们的圣诞节刻板拘谨，缺乏温暖与魔力。但我并不这样认为——这很大程度上得益于我教导孩子们如何看待圣诞节的方式。我没有给他们说圣诞老人是真的，而是讲述了这个形象很可能源于圣尼古拉斯——一位对贫苦孩子充满善意与慷慨的真实人物。Netflix于2021年出品的电影《圣诞男孩》，是一部既能帮助孩子将圣诞传说与现实传统相联结，又能延续慷慨精神的佳作)”可推知，作者没和孩子们讨论圣诞老人是否真实，而是通过探讨圣诞老人的起源来传达圣诞老人的慷慨源于现实生活中的真实人物和精神，作者想向她的孩子们传达慷慨来自现实。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hopefully,theyknownowthatit’sthetimewithfamily,doingspecialthingstogether,thatcreatesthemagicandthatmyloveforthemgoeswellbeyondjustoneday—andthatmagic,wonderandawecanhappenanytimewithfamily,especiallyifweremaingenerousandgrateful.(希望他们现在明白，是家人共度的时光，一起做特别的事情，创造了魔力，而我对他们的爱远不止一天——魔力、奇迹和敬畏可以随时与家人一起发生，尤其是当我们保持慷慨和感恩之心时)”可知，作者提到“圣诞节的魔力”是为了强调家人共度的时光才是圣诞节魅力的核心。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Christmastimewithkidsisfilledwithwarmtraditions:ListeningtoChristmasmusicwhiledecoratingthetree,goingtolookatChristmaslightswithhotchocolateinhand,andtakingthekidstovisitSantaClaus.Well,deletethatlastone.Atleastformyfamily.(与孩子们一起度过的圣诞节充满了温馨的传统：装饰圣诞树时听圣诞音乐，手捧热巧克力去看圣诞灯饰，带孩子们去拜访圣诞老人。嗯，删掉最后一项。至少对我的家人来说是这样)”以及第三段中“InsteadoftellingthemSantaisreal,ItoldthemitmostlikelyhasitsoriginsinSt.Nicholas,amanwhowaskindandgeneroustochildreninneed.(我没有给他们说圣诞老人是真的，而是告诉他们圣诞老人很可能起源于圣尼古拉斯，一个对贫困儿童友善和慷慨的人)”和第四段中“Hopefully,theyknownowthatit’sthetimewithfamily,doingspecialthingstogether,thatcreatesthemagic(希望他们现在明白，是家人共度的时光，一起做特别的事情，创造了魔力)”可知，作者深思熟虑地选择不让孩子相信圣诞老人神话，并通过讲述圣尼古拉斯的故事和创造家庭传统来传递节日的真正意义，这表明她是一位考虑周全且富有洞察力的母亲。故选D项。CPushingmycartthroughthegrocerystore,Ilookattheothershoppers.Dotheyknowthatnearly70%ofwhat’sontheshelvesisoverlyprocessed?AccordingtoarecentreportbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControl,ultra-processedfoods(UPFs)nowmakeup53%oftheaverageAmericanadult’sdiet—and62%ofachild’s.Studieslinkjust10%moredailycaloriesfromUPFstosharplyhigherrisks:a50%increaseinheart-relateddeath,and55%greaterchanceofobesity(肥胖).Yetdespitereadingcountlessstudiesandlearningfromexperts,IstillfindUPFsnearlyimpossibletoavoid.Walkwithmedowntherowsofsnackshelves,andI’llexplainwhy.Overflowingwithsugar,saltandfat,thecolorfullypackagedcandies,cookiesandchips,despitebeingcalorie-loadedandnutritionallybadforus,aredeliciouslyaddictive.Expertssaythefoodindustryengineereditsrecipestotargetour“blisspoint”—creatingtheabsoluteyummiestcombinationsofingredientstomakeitnearlyimpossibleto“eatjustone.”Apartfromthedeliciousnessofthosesnacks,themajorityofotherUPFs,suchasready-to-eatmealsandinstantmixes,containartificialflavorsandpreservatives.Theconvenienceofsuchlong-lasting,affordablefoodsisundeniable:wecanmakemealswithoutstirringsauceforhoursoverthestove,freeinguptimeforotherpartsoflife.“Foodcompaniestodayhaveclosedofftheirprocessingplants,”saidPopkin,aresearcherfromUniversityofSouthCarolina,“sowecan’tclinicallycompareeffectsofeatingwholecorntodeconstructedcorn.”Despitegrowingevidenceofharm,theindustrycontinuesmarketingUPFsaggressively.“Theydon’twanttolosetheircashcow,sothey’rewillingtoputmillionsintofightinggovernmentrestrictionsonUPFsaswellasfundingnutritioniststovoiceevidenceoftheirharmlessness,”Popkinsaid.Thereisasilverlining,fortunately.InMay,theWorldHealthOrganizationcalledonscientistsworldwidetohelpsetguidelinesonUPFconsumption.Yes,therewillalwaysbejunkfood.Butifthemajorityofourfoodcouldbemadefresherandlessprocessed,we’dbeonourwaytoahealthierworld.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeinparagraph1?A.ChildreneatlessUPFsthanadultsdo. B.ShoppersarewidelyexposedtoUPFs.C.Peopleareconcernedabouttheirfood. D.Ultra-processedfoodhasbecomeahit.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“blisspoint”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Sensorypleasure. B.Mentalthrill. C.Shoppingmotive. D.Nutritionalbalance.10.WhatmightfoodcompaniestrytodoaccordingtoPopkin?A.Fundoppositiontogovernmentintervention.B.Openmoreplantstosupportclinicalstudies.C.Workwithnutritionistsforhealthyproducts.D.ReduceUPFsmarketingtoprotectbusiness.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ConvenienceofUltra-ProcessedFoodsB.InnovationBehindUltra-ProcessedFoodsC.ReasonsforUltra-ProcessedFoodsTrendD.RisksofUltra-ProcessedFoodsConsumption【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超加工食品（UPFs）在美国饮食中的普及情况、其带来的健康风险、难以避免的原因以及应对措施。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“AccordingtoarecentreportbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControl,ultra-processedfoods(UPFs)nowmakeup53%oftheaverageAmericanadult’sdiet—and62%ofachild’s.(根据美国疾病控制中心最近的一份报告，超加工食品（UPF）如今已占到美国成年人日常饮食的53%，占儿童饮食的62%。)”可知，作者在第一段描述了购物者广泛接触到超加工食品这一现象。故选B。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Expertssaythefoodindustryengineereditsrecipestotargetour“blisspoint”—creatingtheabsoluteyummiestcombinationsofingredientstomakeitnearlyimpossibleto“eatjustone.”(专家表示，食品行业精心设计配方，瞄准我们的“blisspoint”——调配出最可口的原料组合，让人几乎不可能“只吃一个”。)”可知，专家说食品行业设计其配方是为了瞄准我们的“blisspoint”，即创造出绝对最美味的食材组合，让人几乎不可能“只吃一个”，不可能只吃一个就说明吃这样的食物会让人高兴，由此可推知，blisspoint指的是感官上的愉悦，和“Sensorypleasure(感官上的愉悦)”。故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theydon’twanttolosetheircashcow,sothey’rewillingtoputmillionsintofightinggovernmentrestrictionsonUPFsaswellasfundingnutritioniststovoiceevidenceoftheirharmlessness(他们不愿失去这棵“摇钱树”，所以他们既愿意投入数百万资金来对抗政府针对超加工食品（UPFs，Ultra-ProcessedFoods）出台的限制措施，也愿意出资资助营养学家，让他们发声证明超加工食品无害)”可知，根据Popkin的说法，食品公司会资助反对政府干预的活动。故选A。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AccordingtoarecentreportbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControl,ultra-processedfoods(UPFs)nowmakeup53%oftheaverageAmericanadult’sdiet—and62%ofachild’s.(根据美国疾病控制中心最近的一份报告，超加工食品（UPF）如今已占到美国成年人日常饮食的53%，占儿童饮食的62%。)”、第二段“Walkwithmedowntherowsofsnackshelves,andI’llexplainwhy.(和我一起走下一排排的小吃架，我会解释原因。)”以及文章内容可知，文章介绍了超加工食品流行的现象，并分析了原因：成瘾性、便利性以及食品公司的营销，因此“ReasonsforUltra-ProcessedFoodsTrend(超加工食品流行的原因)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。DFifteendecadesago,FrancisGaltonfirstcameupwiththeterm“natureversusnurture”,andthisdebateoverthefactorsshapinghumanidentityhaslongbeenacentraltopicinhumansciences.Doourgenesdetermineourlifepaths,ashereditarians(遗传论者)argue?Orarewebornasemptypaper,shapedmerelybytheexperienceswehaveinourfamiliesandthewiderworld?Today,however,anewbranchofscienceisreadytooverturnthedebate.Throughthisnewperspective,natureandnurturearehardlyseparableatall—genesandtheenvironmentdonotactindependently,butinsteadinteractcloselyandevenshapeoneanotherintangibleways.Genesdonotshapeouridentitiesmerelyontheirownwithinourbodies;instead,theyfunctionpartlybymoldingtheenvironmentswechooseorcreate.Astrikingfindingofthisresearchisthatourenvironmentis,inpart,shapedbythegenesofthepeoplearoundus.Initialresearchsuggeststhatyourpartner’sgenesinfluenceyourlikelihoodofdepressionalmostathirdasmuchasyourowngenesdo.Afewstudentswithagenetictrendforsmokinginahighschoolseemedtocausesmokingratestoskyrocketacrosstheentiregrade—evenamongstudentswhohavenodirectcontactwiththesestudents—likeagene-drivenwildfirespreadingthroughsocialnetworks.Genesalonearen’tenoughtodeterminetheseoutcomesandneitherisenvironment.Natureandnurturebothshapeeachother,withnatureinfluencingthewayweexperiencenurtureandnurtureinfluencingthewayournatureexpressesitself.Themoreopportunitiesandinformationtheenvironmentprovides—themorevariedenvironmentsbecome—thebiggertherolethatgeneticvariationplaysindistinguishingusintodifferentgroups.Natureandnurturearen’tseparateforces—they’reaMöbiusstrip(莫比乌斯环),endlesslycirclingbackoneachother.Thisinterdependencemeanstheirinteractionisfluidandreciprocal,acoreinsightofsociogenomicsthatbridgesgeneticandsocialscience.12.Whydidtheauthormentionthe“natureversusnurture”debateinparagraph1?A.Toemphasizethedominantroleoffamilyexperiences.B.Tointroducealong-standingcoretopicinhumansciences.C.Tohighlighttheweaknessofearlyhereditarians’arguments.D.Tolayacontrastivefoundationforanewscientificperspective.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofstudents?A.Smokingbehaviorspreadsmainlythroughdirectpersuasion.B.Genetictendenciescanindirectlychangegroupbehavior.C.Schoolrulesfailtocontrolstudents’geneticinstincts.D.Onlysmokers’friendsadoptthesamegeneticrisks.14.Whathappenswhenenvironmentsbecomemorediverseaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Peoplerelylessontheirgenetictraits.B.Geneticdifferencesplayasmallerrole.C.Geneticdifferencesbecomemoreinfluential.D.Nurturebecomesmoreimportantthannature.15.Whatdoestheauthormeanbycomparingnatureandnurturetoa“Möbiusstrip”?A.Theydependentirelyonphysicalconditions.B.Theyhaveaone-wayinfluenceoneachother.C.Theyformacomplex,continuouscycleofimpact.D.Theyaretwoseparatepartsofhumandevelopment.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章挑战了“先天与后天”对立的传统观点，提出社会基因组学的新视角，指出基因与环境不可分割，二者如同莫比乌斯环般不断地相互交织循环。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fifteendecadesago,FrancisGaltonfirstcameupwiththeterm“natureversusnurture”,andthisdebateoverthefactorsshapinghumanidentityhaslongbeenacentraltopicinhumansciences.Doourgenesdetermineourlifepaths,ashereditarians(遗传论者)argue?Orarewebornasemptypaper,shapedmerelybytheexperienceswehaveinourfamiliesandthewiderworld?Today,however,anewbranchofscienceisreadytooverturnthedebate.(150年前，FrancisGalton首次提出了“先天与后天”这一概念，关于塑造人类身份的各种因素的争论在人类科学领域一直是一个核心议题。我们的基因是否像遗传论者所说的那样决定了我们的人生道路？还是说我们生来就像一张白纸，只是由家庭和更广阔世界中的经历来塑造呢？然而，如今，一门新的科学分支即将彻底改变这场争论。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“先天与后天”的经典争论，引出这一长期存在的核心话题，进而用“然而”转折，为后文提出的新科学视角，即先天与后天不可分割，奠定对比基础。故选D项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Afewstudentswithagenetictrendforsmokinginahighschoolseemedtocausesmokingratestoskyrocketacrosstheentiregrade—evenamongstudentswhohavenodirectcontactwiththesestudents—likeagene-drivenwildfirespreadingthroughsocialnetworks.(高中里几名有吸烟遗传倾向的学生似乎导致整个年级的吸烟率飙升——甚至包括那些与这些学生没有直接接触的学生——就像基因驱动的野火通过社交网络蔓延。)”可知，在该例中，少数有吸烟遗传倾向的学生也能通过社交网络间接影响整个群体的行为，这表明基因倾向可以间接改变群体行为模式。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Themoreopportunitiesandinformationtheenvironmentprovides—themorevariedenvironmentsbecome—thebiggertherolethatgeneticvariationplaysindistinguishingusintodifferentgroups.(环境提供的机会和信息越多——环境越多样化——遗传变异在将我们区分成不同群体时所扮演的角色就越大。)”可知，当环境变得更加多样化时，遗传差异的作用会变得更加显著。故选C项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Natureandnurturearen’tseparateforces—they’reaMöbiusstrip(莫比乌斯环),endlesslycirclingbackoneachother.Thisinterdependencemeanstheirinteractionisfluidandreciprocal(先天与后天并非相互独立的力量——它们就像一个莫比乌斯环，不断地相互交织循环。这种相互依存的关系意味着它们之间的相互作用是灵活且相互关联的)”可知，作者将先天与后天比作“莫比乌斯环”，意在说明它们形成了一个复杂且持续相互影响的循环。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Socialmediahasbecomeaninescapablepartofmodernlife,raisingconcernsacrossgenerations.____16____Whenwescrollthroughscreens,ourbrainsbecomehookedonthenotifications,whoseunpredictablenaturemakesthemmoreaddictive.Thisaddictiontapsintoafundamentalhumanneed.Wearesocialbeings,hard-wired(固有的)todesirerecognition.____17____Theconstantfeedbackloop(循环)canturnsocialapprovalintoameasurable,andoftenanxious,pursuit.Giventheprofoundimpactofsocialmedia,thequestionofregulationarises.Withsubstanceslikealcohol,governmentsimposeagelimitsduetotheirprovenharmtodevelopingminds.____18____Researchindicatesthatithasadistinctinfluenceonyoungpeople’sdevelopingbrains—evencontributingtoreducedgreymatter.____19____Overcomingaddictionshouldbecomeachoiceratherthanforcedinaction.Ifsocialmediaisunavoidable,isitnotawiseroptiontoequipyoungpeopletonavigateitschallengesratherthanshelterthementirely?Asdevelopmentalpsychologysuggests,adolescentsthrivewhenallowedtolearnfrommistakesinasupportivesetting.Merelyrestrictingaccessmayfuelcuriosityandleavethemill-preparedfordigitallife.Instead,wewouldengagewiththeirvoicesaswellasinstructthem.____20____A.Itsaddictivedesignisthecoreissue.B.Butatotalbanonminorssparksheateddebate.C.Thesamelogicshouldapplytosocialmediaregulation.D.Ifso,wearemorelikelytoattaintheoutcomewealldesire.E.Manyteenagersspendoverfivehoursdailyonvarioussocialplatforms.F.Socialmediasatisfiesthisbyquantifyingworththroughlikesandshares.G.However,theregulationofsocialmediacannotbecompletelyequaltothatofalcohol.【答案】16.A17.F18.C19.B20.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了社交媒体成瘾成问题，监管引争议，不应简单禁止，而应倾听指导青少年，助其应对挑战，更好适应数字生活。【16题详析】根据前文“Socialmediahasbecomeaninescapablepartofmodernlife,raisingconcernsacrossgenerations.(社交媒体已经成为现代生活中不可避免的一部分，引发了各代人的担忧)”以及后文“Whenwescrollthroughscreens,ourbrainsbecomehookedonthenotifications,whoseunpredictablenaturemakesthemmoreaddictive.(当我们浏览屏幕时，我们的大脑会对通知上瘾，而通知的不可预测性使它们更容易上瘾)”可知，本空应该与社交媒体的上瘾性有关，选项A“其令人上瘾的设计是核心问题”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。【17题详析】根据前文“Wearesocialbeings,hard-wired(固有的)todesirerecognition.(我们是社会性动物，天生渴望被认可)”以及后文“Theconstantfeedbackloop(循环)canturnsocialapprovalintoameasurable,andoftenanxious,pursuit.(不断的反馈循环可以将社会认可转化为一种可衡量的、且常常令人焦虑的追求)”可知，本空应该与社交媒体如何满足人类渴望被认可的需求有关，选项F“社交媒体通过点赞和分享来量化价值，满足了这一需求”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。【18题详析】根据前文“Withsubstanceslikealcohol,governmentsimposeagelimitsduetotheirprovenharmtodevelopingminds.(对于酒精等物质，政府会设定年龄限制，因为它们已被证明对发育中的大脑有害)”以及后文“Researchindicatesthatithasadistinctinfluenceonyoungpeople’sdevelopingbrains—evencontributingtoreducedgreymatter.(研究表明，它对年轻人的大脑发育有显著影响，甚至会导致灰质减少)”可知，本空应该与社交媒体对年轻人的大脑发育的影响有关，选项C“同样的逻辑也应适用于社交媒体监管”符合语境，承上启下，引出下文对社交媒体监管的讨论。故选C。【19题详析】根据后文“Overcomingaddictionshouldbecomeachoiceratherthanforcedinaction.Ifsocialmediaisunavoidable,isitnotawiseroptiontoequipyoungpeopletonavigateitschallengesratherthanshelterthementirely.(克服成瘾应该成为一种选择，而不是被迫不作为。如果社交媒体是不可避免的，那么让年轻人准备好应对其挑战，而不是完全保护他们，这不是一个更明智的选择吗)”可知，本空应该与对社交媒体监管的看法有关，选项B“但是全面禁止未成年人使用社交媒体引发了激烈的争论”符合语境，引出下文对全面禁止未成年人使用社交媒体的讨论。故选B。【20题详析】根据前文“Asdevelopmentalpsychologysuggests,adolescentsthrivewhenallowedtolearnfrommistakesinasupportivesetting.Merelyrestrictingaccessmayfuelcuriosityandleavethemill-preparedfordigitallife.Instead,wewouldengagewiththeirvoicesaswellasinstructthem.(发展心理学表明，当青少年被允许在支持性的环境中从错误中学习时，他们会茁壮成长。仅仅限制访问可能会激发他们的好奇心，并让他们对数字生活准备不足。相反，我们应该倾听他们的声音，并指导他们)”可知，本空应该与倾听青少年的声音并指导他们的结果有关，选项D“如果是这样，我们更有可能达到我们所有人都希望的结果”符合语境，承接上文。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。LaughterfilledtheairasRaúlcutthecake’sthickfrosting.ItwasasmallgraduationpartywithonlyEd,Max,Raúlandme—nocaps,gowns,music,ordiplomas.Buta(an)____21____wasinorder,becausetheiraccomplishmentmatteredmost.Allthree,overfifty,____22____afirstinlife:theycouldread.Havingovercome____23____andalifetimeofhidingtheirilliteracy,theysignedupformyfreethree-monthcourseto____24____theirshameataDallaschurchinaverydangerousneighbourhoodwheredrugdealswerevisiblenearby.WhileIpossessedyearsofvolunteerexperience,onmyfirstnight,asheadlightsilluminated(照亮)theparkinglot,____25____outweighedexcitement.Nervous,I____26____allsupplieswithacrashontotheground,whichmademysevenmalestudentshurrytohelp,____27____mytension.Mysevenmalestudentswere30-63;at24,Iwastheyoungestandpalest.Despitemy____28____entrance,theclasswentsmoothly.Tocalmme,Edhelpedwith____29____,Maxwalkedmetomycar,andRaúl’sworntruck____30____minethroughriskystreetsuntilIreachedthefreewaysafely.Ihonkedthanks,andherepliedwith“LaCucaracha,”gently____31____theair.Fourquit,butEd,MaxandRaúl____32____.Edfinallyunderstood“EmergencyExit”onthebushe’dtakenfor30years;MaxreadasportsarticleandtaughthisgranddaughteraboutWashington—theirdetermination____33____.Atthegraduationparty,Raúlheldmyhand,palms____34____withcalluses(老茧):“Yougavemeanewlife.”Yearslater,gray-hairedandrobbedofworkbyaneconomicdownturn,Irealizedtheirlesson—couragetorestartbeatsageorfear.Iresolvedtolearnnewskills,astheyhad.Theirspirit____35____meforward.21.A.ceremony B.celebration C.meeting D.occasion22.A.accepted B.afforded C.completed D.achieved23.A.embarrassment B.sadness C.gratitude D.confusion24.A.hide B.express C.escape D.share25.A.anxiety B.fear C.doubt D.surprise26.A.dropped B.threw C.placed D.moved27.A.causing B.increasing C.hiding D.easing28.A.graceful B.sudden C.awkward D.rough29.A.lessons B.supplies C.books D.tools30.A.chased B.passed C.repaired D.followed31.A.worsening B.clearing C.breaking D.warming32.A.withdrew B.registered C.remained D.abandoned33.A.brokedown B.paidoff C.fadedaway D.cametrue34.A.covered B.filled C.marked D.crowded35.A.forced B.allowed C.inspired D.advised【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.A27.D28.C29.B30.D31.D32.C33.B34.A35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在危险社区为三位年过五十的文盲男性教授读写课程，学生们克服羞耻感坚持学习，并在课程结束后取得进步。他们的勇气和决心后来在作者遭遇人生低谷时，成为激励自己继续前行的力量。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一场庆祝是必要的，因为他们的成就最为重要。A.ceremony典礼，仪式；B.celebration庆祝；C.meeting会议；D.occasion场合。根据前文“ItwasasmallgraduationpartywithonlyEd,Max,Raúlandme—nocaps,gowns,music,ordiplomas.”以及后文“becausetheiraccomplishmentmatteredmost”可知，这是一个小型的毕业派对，成就需要“庆祝”。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三位都年过五十，实现了人生中的第一次：他们能阅读了。A.accepted接受；B.afforded负担得起；C.completed完成；D.achieved实现。根据上文“becausetheiraccomplishmentmatteredmost”和后文“afirstinlife:

theycouldread”可知，这是他们人生中首次“实现”的目标。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们克服了终身的羞耻与隐匿，在达拉斯一个危险街区（附近可见毒品交易）的教堂里，报名参加了我的免费三个月课程，只为摆脱不识字带来的难堪。A.embarrassment尴尬；B.sadness悲伤；C.gratitude感激；D.confusion困惑。根据后文“alifetimeofhidingtheirilliteracy”可推知，文盲身份让他们感到“尴尬”和羞耻。故选A项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们克服了终身的羞耻与隐匿，在达拉斯一个危险街区(附近可见毒品交易)的教堂里，报名参加了我的免费三个月课程，只为摆脱不识字带来的难堪。A.hide隐藏；B.express表达；C.escape逃避，摆脱；D.share分享。根据前文他们一生都在“hidingtheirilliteracy”和后文“theirshame”可知，这次来学习是为了“摆脱”这种羞耻感。故选C项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我有多年志愿者经验，但第一晚，当车灯照亮停车场时，焦虑盖过了兴奋。A.anxiety焦虑；B.fear害怕；C.doubt怀疑；D.surprise惊喜。根据后文“Nervous,Iallsupplieswithacrashontotheground,”和“whichmademysevenmalestudentshurrytohelp,mytension.”可知，作者当时感到紧张和“焦虑”。故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：紧张之下，我失手把所有教具掉在地上，发出哐当一声，七位男性学生急忙过来帮忙，缓解了我的紧张。A.dropped掉落；B.threw扔；C.placed放置；D.moved移动。根据后文“withacrashontotheground”可知，东西是“掉落”在地上。故选A项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：紧张之下，我失手把所有教具掉在地上，发出哐当一声，七位男性学生急忙过来帮忙，缓解了我的紧张。A.causing引起；B.increasing增加；C.hiding隐藏；D.easing缓解，减轻。根据前文“hurriedtohelp”这个善意的举动可知，这“缓解”了作者的紧张情绪。故选D项