英语畅谈中国文化（第二版）课件 Unit 10 Chinese Engineering

英语畅谈中国文化IntroducingChineseCultureinEnglish(第二版)ChineseEngineeringNavigationEmbarkationExplorationResourcesDestination10UnitToexploretheGreatStoneBridgeanditsinnovationinengineeringinthesixthcentury.NavigationLearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesTodeveloptheabilitytocomparecross-timeandcross-civilizationinformation.TogainknowledgeaboutcivilengineeringtechnologyandtraditionalChineseaesthetics,historyandcraftsmanship.KnowledgeAbilityValuesEmbarkationLead-inPreparingDoyouknowthebridgesinthepictures?Matcheachbridgetoitsname.Lead-inEmbarkationLead-in1—a2—c3—b4—d1.ZhaozhouBridge3.HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge2.LugouBridge4.WuhanYangtzeRiverBridgeabcdWorkinpairs.Discussthefollowingquestions.PreparingEmbarkationPreparing1.WhatisZhaozhouBridgecalledinanotherway?TheGreatStoneBridge.2.WhodesignedZhaozhouBridge?LiChun.3.HowmanycenturiesearlierwasZhaozhouBridgebuiltthansimilarsegmentalarchbridgesintheWest?Aboutsevencenturies.ExplorationComprehensionSummaryExplorationComprehensionForeachstatement,identifytheparagraphitcomesfromandputthecorrespondingnumberinthespaceprovided.1)TheGreatStoneBridgewasfeaturedonapostagestampin1962.2)Asegmentalarchbridgeuseslessmaterialandisstrongerthanonebuiltwithasemicirculararch.3)ThePont-Saint-MartinnearAosta,oneofthelargestsurvivingRomanwholearchbridges,hasaspanofabout103feet.4)TheGreatStoneBridgeishighlypraisedforitssmoothconvexity,loftyarch,perfectlyfittedvoussoirstones,andlargeopeningwithoutpiers.Comprehension1—Para.22—Para.13—Para.54—Para.3Exploration5)Overthecenturies,manylegendshavesurroundedtheGreatStoneBridge.6)Thefoursmallarcheswereintegratedintothemainbridge,representinganinnovationinbridgeengineeringastheworld’sfirstarchedspandrels.7)AChineseengineerwasthefirsttorealizethatanarchdidnothavetobeasemicircle,whichwasaconceptualbreakthrough.8)The“MarcoPoloBridge,”builtbetween1189and1192,isnolongeraroutefortrucksandbuses.Comprehension5—Para.26—Para.47—Para.28—Para.6FExploration2.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.1)TheGreatStoneBridgewasbuiltusingasemi-circulararchdesign.2)TheGreatStoneBridgeisstillwellpreservedandopenfortouriststovisit.3)ThefoursmallarchesinsertedoneithersideoftheGreatStoneBridgehelpmanagefloodwaters.4)ThesegmentalarchdesignwasfirstappliedinEuropeinthefourteenthcentury.5)Thereare501marblelionstatuesintheMarcoPoloBridge.ComprehensionTTFTExploration3.MatchthebridgesinColumnAwiththeirtranslationsinColumnB.ComprehensionColumnAColumnB1)Pont-Saint-Martina)韦基奥桥（意大利）2)Pont-Saint-Espritb)廊桥（意大利）3)Abbot’sBridgec)蓬圣埃斯普里特（法国）4)PonteVecchiod)卢沟桥（中国）5)PonteCopertoe)老城堡桥（意大利）6)CastelvecchioBridgef)蓬圣马丁桥（意大利）7)MarcoPoloBridgeg)阿博特桥（英国）1—f2—c3—g4—a5—b6—e7—dCompletethesummarybyfillingintheblanks.Inthe6thcentury,aconceptualbreakthroughoccurredwhenLiChun,aChineseengineer,firstrealizedthatanarchdidnothavetobeasemicircle.Heused1)____________________insteadofthetraditionalsemicirculararchwhenhebuilttheGreatStoneBridge,anapproachthatrequiredlessmaterialandmadethebridgestronger.Laterinthe2)___________century,Pont-Saint-Esprit,asegmentalarchbridgeacrosstheRhone,wascompletedinFrance.ExplorationSummarySummaryasegmentalarch13thThefoursmallarchesoftheGreatStoneBridgewereamajor3)___________________inbridgebuilding,makingittheworld’sfirstopen-spandrelarchbridge.Theyreducedthestructure’soverallweightandhelpeditdischargefloodwater.Withaspanof123feet,theGreatStoneBridgeoutperformedthePont-Saint-Martin,thelargest4)_____________Romanwhole-archbridgewithaspanof117feet.ThesucceedingMarcoPoloBridgebecamethegreatestsegmentalarchbridgeinChina.Itselevensegmentalarches,eachwithanaveragespanof41feet,andits5)____________carvedbalustrade,featuring501marblelions,made

it

amasterpieceofart.

ExplorationSummarySummaryinnovationsurvivingelaborateResourcesDifficultsentencesWordstonoteHeritageanddevelopmentCulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningDifficultsentencesDifficultsentencesResourcesAbridgecouldbebuiltwhichwasbasednotonthetraditionalsemicirculararchbutonwhatisknownasasegmentalarch.(Para.1)Thewaytoenvisagethisistoimagineagiganticcircleembeddedintheground,ofwhichonlythetipshowsabovegroundlevel.Thistipisasegmentofacircle,andthearchitformsisasegmentalarch.(Para.1)Thefoursmallarches,breakingtheangeroftheroaringwaters,wereincorporatedwithinthestructureofthemainbridge.Theywereaninnovationofgreatconsequenceinbridge-building,fortheyweretheworld’sfirstarchedspandrels.(Para.4)1.Abridgecouldbebuiltwhichwasbasednotonthetraditionalsemicirculararchbutonwhatisknownasasegmentalarch.(Para.1)1)Whatisthemeaningof“semicircular”and“segmentalarch”?半圆券（xuàn）和弧券（xuàn）（弧券也称弓形拱）2)Translatethesentence.桥梁不再以传统的半圆拱为基础，而是采用所谓的弓形拱。DifficultsentencesResources2.Thewaytoenvisagethisistoimagineagiganticcircleembeddedintheground,ofwhichonlythetipshowsabovegroundlevel.Thistipisasegmentofacircle,andthearchitformsisasegmentalarch.（Para.1）

1)Whatisthemeaningof“envisage”?设想、构想。2)Translatethesentence.可以这样想象：一个巨大的圆嵌入地下，只有顶部露出地面。这个顶部就是圆的一段，其所形成的拱即为弓形拱。DifficultsentencesResources3.Thefoursmallarches,breakingtheangeroftheroaringwaters,wereincorporatedwithinthestructureofthemainbridge.Theywereaninnovationofgreatconsequenceinbridge-building,fortheyweretheworld’sfirstarchedspandrels.

(Para.4)1)Whatisthemeaningof“archedspandrels”?拱形拱肩。它构成空撞券(xuàn)，即主拱两侧肩部开设小拱洞的结构形式。空撞券又称“敞肩空撞券”或“敞肩拱（openspandrelarch）”，用于减轻自重、节省材料并增强泄洪能力。2)Translatethesentence.赵州桥还设有四个小拱，用以分散汹涌洪水的冲击。这是对桥梁建造具有重大意义的创新，因为它们是世界上最早的敞肩拱结构。DifficultsentencesResources1)arch2)span

3)spandrel

4)punch

5)diminish

NewWords6)atlengthExpressionsWordstonoteWordstonoteResources1.archn.acurvedstructurethatsupportstheweightofsth.aboveit,suchasabridgeortheupperpartofabuilding拱v.formacurvedshape构成弓形Work

in

pairs.Translatethesentences.1.Thatarchhasaspanof70meters.

那个拱的跨度为70米。2.Talltreesarchedoverthepath.

高大的树木在小径上形成拱形。3.Thebridgehasabeautifulstonearch.

这座桥有着漂亮的石拱门。ResourcesWordstonote2.spann.thedistanceorintervalbetweentwopoints跨距v.coverorextendoveranareaortimeperiod横跨Workinpairs.MatchtheEnglishphraseswiththeirChineseversion.attentionspantimespanspanthehistoryResourcesWordstonotea时间跨度b贯穿历史c注意力持续时间1—c2—a3—b3.spandreln.anapproximatelytriangularsurfaceareabetweentwoadjacentarchesandthehorizontalplaneabovethem拱肩Workinpairs.MatchtheEnglishphraseswiththeirChineseversion.1.spandrel

2.archedspandrel3.twospandrelsofanarchResourcesWordstonotea券（xuàn）的两肩b拱形拱肩，空撞券（xuàn）c拱肩1—c2—b3—a4.punchv.1)

makeaholeinsth.withatool,ortocutashapeoutofsth.打孔2)topressabuttonorkey按下（按钮）Work

in

pairs.Translatethesentences.Iwasthinkingofpunchingthebeads.

我正在考虑如何给珠子打孔。Whenyoupunchthefourthbutton,anewnetworkwillflashonthescreen.如果你按下第四个按钮，荧光屏上将出现一个新的网络。ResourcesWordstonote5.diminishv.becomeortomakesth.becomesmaller,weaker减少Work

in

pairs.Translatethesentences.Thepainbegantodiminishaftershetookthemedicine.她吃了药之后，疼痛开始减轻。Absencediminishedasthenewregulationswereenforced.由于执行了新规章，缺席情况减少了。ResourcesWordstonote6.atlengthadv.1)

inalengthyorprolixmanner详尽地2)

finally最终地Workinpairs.Makesentencewithatlength.Theyspokeatlength,reviewingtheentireincident.他们把事情的整个经过详尽地复述了一遍。Sheexplainedthenewplantousatlength.她向我们详细地解释了这项新计划。Atlength,thelongmeetingfinallycametoanend.最终，这场冗长的会议总算结束了。ResourcesWordstonoteThe

world’s

highest

bridge:

Huajiang

Grand

Canyon

Bridge

HeritageanddevelopmentHeritageanddevelopmentResourcesThe

world’s

highest

bridge:

Huajiang

Grand

Canyon

Bridge

HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesReadthefollowingpassageaboutthe

development

of

the

Chinesebridgesinthe21stcentury.The

world’s

highest

bridge:

Huajiang

Grand

Canyon

Bridge

Opened

on

Sept.

28,

2025,

the

Huajiang

Grand

Canyon

Bridge

hastheworld’shighestbridgedeck,

soaring

roughly

625

meters

above

the

Beipan

River,

withamainspanof

some

1420meters.

The

record

is

impressive——but

the

impact

is

more

profound.

A

crossing

that

once

required

hours

of

winding

mountain

travel

through

Guizhou,

one

of

China’s

most

remote

provinces,

nowtakesjusttwominutesalongthebridge’s2,890-meterlength.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesThe

bridgeanchors

a

broader

wave

of

high-altitude

infrastructure

and

tourism

developmentintendedtobetterintegratetheQianxinanBuyeiandMiaoAutonomousPrefecture—whereMiaoandBuyeicommunitieshavelivedforcenturies—with

the

rest

of

the

country.

HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesMore

than

an

engineering

marvel,

the

Huajiang

Grand

Canyon

Bridge

isa

striking

example

of

how

human

ambition

can

coexist

withchallenging

terrain.

To

view

the

bridge

merely

as

the

“world’s

highest

bridge”

would

betomiss

the

deeper

reason

behindits

place

on

thisprestigious

list.Rising

625

meters

above

the

Beipan

River,

the

bridgeturnsa

journey

that

once

took

hours

along

winding

mountain

roads

into

a

two-minutecrossing.For

ethnic

minority

communities

living

deep

in

Guizhou’s

mountains,

this

dramatic

leap

inaccessibility

is

not

just

about

convenience—itis

a

lifeline

connecting

remote

regions

with

the

modern

world.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesThe

bridge

has

also

drawn

international

attention

because

of

the

philosophy

behind

its

construction.Buildingthebridgeinakarstregionoftendescribedasa“geologicalfracturezone,”engineersadoptedanenvironmentallyconsciousapproachinsteadoftraditionallarge-scalequarrying.Rockexcavatedduringtunnelconstructionwasrecycledasbuildingmaterial,reducingenvironmentalimpactwhilesavingnearly100millionyuaninconstructioncosts.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesTowithstandsuddencanyonwindsthatcanreachforce14ontheBeaufortscale,thebridgeincorporatesadjustable,wind-resistantsteelpanels.Thisdesignphilosophy—workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit—reflectsthesustainabilityprinciplesincreasinglyemphasizedinglobalinfrastructureprojects.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesHeritageanddevelopmentResourcesPerhapsmostexcitingforglobaltravelers,theHuajiangGrandCanyonBridgeisredefiningwhatinfrastructurecanbe.Insteadofservingonlyasatransportationcorridor,thebridgehasbeendevelopedintoamulti-leveltourismdestination.Insidethebridgetower,afuturisticglasselevatorcarriesvisitorshighabovethecanyontoapanoramicskycafé.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesSuspendednearly600metersabovethecanyonfloorareabungeeplatformandagiantcanyonswing.Thisfusionoftransportationandtourismhastransformedthebridgefromamerethoroughfareintoadestinationwherevisitorscanstop,explore,andengagewiththelocalBouyeiandMiaocultures.Thankstoimprovedaccess,traditionalvillagesoncehiddendeepinthemountainsarenowgraduallyemergingontotheglobaltravellandscape.Here,infrastructureservesasabridgenotonlyacrossgeography,butalsoacrosscultures.HeritageanddevelopmentResourcesMilauViaductinFranceCulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningCulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResourcesMillauViaductinFranceCulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResources1.Readthefollowingpassageabouttheworld-famousbridgeinFrance.In2004,the

MillauViaduct

openedastheworld’stallestbridge,spanningsome343meters(1,125feet)abovetheTarnRiver.AsthefinallinkinthemotorwaynetworkconnectingnorthernandsouthernFrance,ithasturnedadeepchasmintoathoroughfare,offeringseamlesscross-countryconnectivity.Itiswidelyregardedasoneofthemostbeautifulbridgesintheworld.MillauViaductinFranceCulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResourcesItwasdesignedbyNormanFoster(1935-),theBritisharchitectand1999PritzkerPrizewinner,whoseworksincludeHSBCMainBuildinginHongKong,LondonCityHall,andTerminal3ofBeijingCapitalInternationalAirport.CulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResourcesHSBCMainBuilding,HongKongNormanFosterLondonCityHallTerminal3ofBeijingCapitalInternationalAirportMillauviaduct

onceheldtheworldrecordforthetallestbridge,culminatingat343meters(tallerthantheEiffelTower),2460meterslongandtouchingtheground

inonlynineplaces.

Itfitsperfectlyintothenaturallyintactandgrandioselandscape:averythinslightlycurvedsteelroadwaysupportedbycablestaysgivesittheappearanceofahugeyachtandthestructurerestsonsevenveryslenderpillars.CulturalcommunicationandmutuallearningResourcesUnitProjectDestinationEachgroupwillchooseoneofthefollowingprojectsandgiveanoralpresentationinclasswithaclearstructureandevidencefromthethreepassages.DestinationUnitProjectProject1Project2Project3Project4Project5Project8Project9Project10Project6Project7UnitProjectDestinationProject1:IntroduceLiChun'srevolutionarydesignoftheGreatStoneBridge(ZhaozhouBridge).Coverthecoreinnovationsofsegmentalarchconstructionandthefouropen-spandrelarches,alongwiththreekeyengineeringadvantages—floodresistance,weightreduction,andmaterialsavings—aswellasitshistoricalstatusasastructurecenturiesaheadofEuropeanarchbridgetechnology.SupplementtheaccountwithancientinscriptionsandculturallegendsfromPart1.UnitProjectDestinationProject2:ComparetwoiconicancientstonearchbridgesofChina,coveringtheirconstructiondatesandstructuralfeatures.Referencepointsinclude:ZhaozhouBridge’ssinglesegmentalarchwithopenspandrels,versusLugouBridge’smulti-archcontinuousdesign;ZhaozhouBridge’sinnovativeopen-spandrelsystem;andLugouBridge’s501exquisitelycarvedmarblelions,togetherwithMarcoPolo’scelebratedpraiseforthebridge.UnitProjectDestinationProject3:Tracethehistoricaltrajectoryofsegmentalarchbridgetechnology.ExplainhowLiChunpioneeredthisstructureintheSuiDynasty,thendescribehowEuropedidnotadoptsegmentalarchesuntilthelate13thcentury,puttingthemintowidespreaduseonlyinthe14thcentury—asexemplifiedbythePonteVecchioinFlorence.EmphasizethatEuropeanbridgeslonglackedopen-spandreldesign,underscoringChina’scenturies-longleadinancientbridgeengineering.UnitProjectDestinationProject4:DeliverachronologicalpresentationoftheGrandCanal’sdevelopment.Coveritskeymilestones:theearliestHangouCanaldugin486BC;successivedevelopmentacrosstheSui,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming,andQingdynasties;anditsmodernrevivalasbothaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandavitalarteryoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterDiversionProject.UnitProjectDestinationProject5:IntroducethethreeconstituentsectionsoftheGrandCanalsystem:theSuiandTangGrandCanal,theBeijing–HangzhouGrandCanal,andtheEasternZhejiangCanal.Explainthedistinctconstructionobjectivesofeachphase,thefivemajorriversystemslinkedbytheBeijing–Hangzhousection,anditsunparalleledscalewhencomparedwiththeSuezandPanamaCanals.UnitProjectDestinationProject6:DescribeoneoftheGrandCanal’stwocoreancientengineeringinnovations.ThefirstisGuoShoujing’saltitudesurveyingmethod—developedover500yearsbeforeitsWesterncounterparts—andhisBaifuSpringwaterdiversionproject.Thesecondistheevolutionofshiplocks:theearlysingle-chamberdoumenlocks,theNorthernSong’sdouble-chamberXiheLock,andtheYuandynasty’sflightoflocksontheHuitongRiver—allofthemworld-leadinghydraulicinventions.UnitProjectDestinationProject7:AnalyzetheancientofficialgrainlogisticssystemsupportedbytheGrandCanal.Introduceoneofitsthreepivotalreforms:PeiYaoqing’ssegmentedrelaytransportintheTangD