外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit6 Space and beyond（含答案）

I.阅读单词——会意

1.notion〃.概念；观点；看法

2.hazardousa//•危险的，不安仝的

3.shuttlen.航天飞机：（织布机的）梭④：来往于两地之间的航班④

v.频繁往来（于两地之间）

4.thespaceshuttle航天飞机

5.excursion，（有特定目的的）短途出行

6.rekindlev.重新激起，重新唤起

7.instantaneouslya面.瞬间地

8.lifelike。的.（图画、模型等）生动的，逼真的

9.telescopen.望远镜

10.thenakedeye肉眼

11.galaxyn.星系

12.cosmicM/.宇宙的

13.subatomicM/.亚原子的；原子内的

14.particlen.粒子

15.peppern.胡椒粉

16.discn.激光唱片；光碟，光盘

II.拼写单词——记形

1.shadown.影子；背光处；（坏）影响，阴影卷

2.screamu.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫

3.crew〃.（飞机上的）全体机组人员

4.awesome〃力很好的，了不起的；令人惊叹的；可怕的；很困难的

5.anglev.斜置

〃.角；角度，观点④

6.straightforward如/.简单的④；坦率的

7.fetchv.（去）拿来

8.musclen.肌肉

9.sneezev.打喷嚏

n.喷嚏（声）

III.拓展单词——悉变

1.unexceptionaladj.平常的-*exceptionaladj.例外的；独特的一exceptprep.除...外

-*exceptionn.例外

2.tragicallya面.悲惨地；不幸地一tragica或悲惨的，悲痛的tragedy〃.悲剧;不幸；遗憾

3.suspendv.暂停，中止卷；悬，挂；悬浮④一suspension〃.停职：悬浮；暂停，中止

4.submit。.提交，呈递;屈服卷-submission屈服；提交（物）,呈递（物）

5.conceivablyado.可以相信地；可想象地一conceiveo.构想出（土意、计划等）；想象；设想

6.invisible的/.看不见的一visiblea力’.看得见的一vision视野

7.self-disciplinen.自我约束，自律fself-disciplined40.自律的fdiscipline训练：（遵守）

纪律；行为准则；自制力

8.simulateda0模仿的，模拟的，仿真的fsimulateo.模仿；假装；冒i充fsimulator（JU

于人员训练的）模拟装置，模拟器一simulation〃.模拟，仿真

积累——构词法学一法会一类

前缀tele-/后缀-some

1.前缀tele•表示“远"。如telescope=tele（远）+scope（范围，领域）-＞用来看远的范围的工具一

望远镜，telephone=tele（远）+phone（声音）一听到远方的声音一电话。

2.后缀・some多用于构成形容词，意为“引起……的，具有……倾向的；达到相当程度的“。

如awesome=awe（敬畏，惊叹）+some（引起的）-*令人敬畏的，令人惊叹的，troublesome

=trouble（麻炀）+some（引起的）-*引起麻炀的。

（I）Theywereabletoteleporttovariousregionsoutoftheirowncuriosityanddesiretoexplore.匹

距离传送

（2）Aspostalratesgoup,manybusinesseshavebeenturningtotelemarketingasawayof

contactingnewcustomers.电话推销

（3）Heisawildboyandaquarrelsomeyoungman,sohecan'tgetalongwellwiththosearound

him.爱争吵的，好口角的

N.背核心短语

1.becomeaccustomedto习惯于（做）某事

2.castashadowon/over给...蒙上阴影

3.setfooton踏上,登上

4.one'sheartinone'smouth心提到嗓子眼

5.takeoff起飞；脱下；突然成功

6.tunein收看;收听

7.wavetosb向某人挥手

8.reachforihestars有九天揽月之志；努力完成壮举

9.signupfor报名参加

10.workout计算Hi；解决；锻炼

11.beengagedin忙于；从事

12.becomposedof由...组成

13.beinvisibleto无法被...看到

14.one'squestfor对...的追求/追索

V.悟经典句式

1.FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster,spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearly

threeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated,andsomeoftheshuttle'scomponents

wereredesigned,（while引导时间状语从句）

“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，

重新设计飞行器的部分零件。

2.Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue...（thereisneveranydoubt

（hat...）

但是亳无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止……

3.Soon,itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjuslonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecallthe

MilkyWay.（itbe+v.-ed+that...）

很快，人们认识到，太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。

4.Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances>fromenormous

cloudsofgaswherestarsarebeingborn,tohugeblackholes,andeventonewplanetswherewe

mightconceivablyfindlife.（where引导定语从句）

它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观一从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，

甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。

5.The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”,asitisknown»isbeingusedinthesearchfordark

matter,thoughttobecomposedofsubatomicparticlesinvisibletoordinarytelescopes.（形容词短

语作后置定语）

众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒

子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。

体验——析真题长句知高考难度

（2025•北京）Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed,interrupted>ordenied,youfeelincapableofaccessing

yourstatesofself,controllingunpleasantfeelings,andmanipulating（操控）theenergythatputs

togelherthefabricofyourinnerworld.

［句式分析］本句是主从复合句。if弓I导条件状语从句：主句为主系表结构；

accessing...con（roHing...andmanipulating...为三个并列的动名词短语，作of的宾语;that引导

定语从句，修饰先行词theenergyo

I尝试翻译］若这些生命周期被延迟、中断或否定，你会感到无法进入自我状态、无法控制

负面情绪，也无法掌控那些构建你内心世界结构的能量。

■默写巩固」

I.重点单词（每空1分，共21分）

1.musclen.肌肉

2.fetchv.（去）拿来

3.sneezev.打喷嚏〃.喷嚏（声）

4.awesome”力.很好的,了不起的；令人惊叹的；可怕的；很困难的

5.anglev.斜置〃.角；角度，观点

6.crewn.（飞机上的）全体机组人员

7.shadown.影子；背光处；（坏）影响，阴影

8.screamy.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫

9.straightforwarda/简单的；坦率的

1（）.self-discipline自我约束，自律self-disciplinedadj.自伸的-*disciplinen.训练；（遵守）

纪律；行为准则；自制力

11.simulatedadj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的一simulates.模仿；假装；冒充fsimulator/>♦（MJ

于人员训练的）模拟装置，模拟器fsimulation〃.模拟，仿真

12.invisible.看不见的visible〃靖.看得见的-*visionn.视野

13.conceivablya6M可以相信地:可想象地—conceiveV.构想出（主意、计划等）；想象；设

想

H.单句语法填空（每空1分，共8分）

1.Furthermore»wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissionsthataresubmitledwithinsix

weeks.(submit)

2.Tragically>onedaywhileswimming,shewasdrowneddeepinthesea.Whalatragedy!(tragic)

3.Allexceptionalexpertswithoutexceptionhaveparticipatedinthecompetition.(except)

4.Theactivityhastobesuspendedduetosomethingunexpected,andnooneknowshowlongthe

suspensionwilllasl.(suspend)

UL补全语段（句式仿写）（每题3分，共12分）

DearJim,

I'mgladtohearfromyou.LastThursday,allofusstudentswereseatedinourmultimedia

classroom.I.wherewewalched(helivespaceleclurehostedb\WangYaping(我们在那里观看了

王亚平主持的太空直播讲座).Inthepastfewdecades.2.ilhasbeenunderstoodthat(人们已经认

识至lj)exploringspaceplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofhumanbeings.

3.Thereisneveranydoub【ihat(亳无疑问)[helectureisofgreatimportancetoallofthe

students4.in(eresledinspaceexploralion(对太空探索城兴趣的).Wearesocuriousaboutspace

thatweareeagertoworkhardandexploreit.Besides,bywatchingthelecture,weyouthcanhave

moreintuitiveaccesstoaerospaceknowledge.

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua

■情景导入•

Fordecades,humanshavebeenaccustomedtomakingbreakthroughsinspaceexploration,

yetrecenttechnicalissuescastashadowoverthenewmission.Thelaunchwassuspended

temporarilyafterengineersfoundasystemglitchItwasreportedthattheteamhadMihmitteda

revisedplantofixtheproblem.Everyonehopesitwillbeconfirmedthatthemissioncanresume

soon,continuinghumanity'sjourney(ouncover(hemysteriesoftheuniverse.

Hsuspendv.暂停，中止，悬，挂；悬浮(suspension停职；悬浮；暂停，中止)

besuspendedfromone'sjob被停职

besuspendedby被...悬挂

(I)1thinkhersuspension(siispend)fromtheteamisaveryharshpunishment.

(2)Alampwassuspendedbydelicatechainsfromtheceiling.

（3）（安慰信）听到你被停职的消息，我感到非常遗憾，我相信你可以证明自己的清白。

IamterriblysorryiohearthatyouhavebeensuspendedfremyourjobandIdobelievethatyou

canproveyourinnocence.

Bsubmitv.提交，呈递；屈服［submissionn.屈服；提交（物），呈递（物）］

submitsth（osb将某物提交给某人

submit（oneself）to屈从于...

(1)Submission(s)(submit)mustbemadeintoasinglePDFnolargerthan10MBandnomorethan

eighttotalpages.

(2)(2022•新课标I,读后续写)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人

的看法。”

Davidwipedhistearsandheldhisheadhigh,remarkingdeterminedly,"Iwon'tsubmil(mys/f)to

others'thoughts.”

⑶对这次夏令营感兴趣的同学须于5月15日前向学生会办公室提交申请表及相关材料。

Thosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmustsubmit:heapplicationsandrelevantma:erials

totheOfficeoftheStudentAssociationbyMay15.

❸be/get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth习惯于(做)某事(accustomed习惯于；惯常

的accustomW.使习惯于)

accustomsb/oneselfto(doing)sth使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事

MrKingwasaccustomedtolivinginthecountrysideandfoundithardtosuspend(hislifeandlive

inthecity.

=Accustomedtolivinginihecountryside/Accustominghimself【olivingin[hecountryside,Mr

Kingfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandlivein(hecity.(用分词短语作状语改写)

Elcastashadowon/over给蒙上阴影

castdown使失望；使沮丧[多用于被动语态)

castoff摆脱掉；抛弃

castaway使(船遇难后的幸存者)流落某处；扔掉：浪费(多用于被动语态)

（续写之片段描写）由于一场突如其来的暴风雨，两名水手流落到了遥远的岛屿上。茫茫无际

的大海看不到任何救援迹象，这给他们的心中蒙上了一层阴影。他们如此沮丧以至于不知道

如何摆脱掉内心的恐惧，泪水夺眶而出。

Twosailorswerecastawayonadistantislandduetoanunexpectedrainstorm.Endlessemptysea

withnorescuesigncaslashadowon/overtheirhearts.Theyweresocasedownthattheyhadno

ideahowtocasloff（heirinnerfright,withtearswellingupintheireyes.

团itbe+v.-ed+that...Soon,iLwasunderstQQdthattheSunwasjustonestaramong

billionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”

的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。

it作形式主语而that从句是真正主语的常见句式有:

Itbe+过去分词+that从句

hbe+名词词组/adj.+that从句

It+特殊动词(seem/tumout/occurtosb/...)+that从句

(I)据宣布，即将到来的校园艺术节将延期，让我们学生们感到很失望。但令人兴奋的是，我

们学校正在计划举办一个特殊的活动，以丰富我们的校园生活。

■hasbeenannouncedthattheupcomingcampusartfestivalwillbepostponed,whichdisappoints

usstudents»butitisexcilingihatourschoolisplanningtohostaspecialeventtoenrichourcampus

life.

(2)(续写之动作链描写)我突然想到十分钟后我有一个重要的会议要参加，我穿上衣服，马不

停蹄地跑下楼，向会议室冲去。

ItoccurredmethatIhadanimportantmeetingtoattendintenminutesandIputonmyclothes,

randownstairswithoutstoppinganddashedforthemeetingroom.

(3)(续写之主题升华句)事实证明，只要我们永不放弃，任何困境终会有出路。此外，我们的

责任不仅在于自己坚守这份信念，更要去鼓励身边那些陷入困境的人。

Ittumsoutthatthere'salwaysawayoutofanytroubleaslongaswenevergiveup.Besides,itis

ourresponsibility/dutythalwenotonlyholdontothisfaithourselvesbutalsoencouragethose

arounduswhoarestuckinhardships.

用法点拨在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语一般用it,而不用this,that或其他代词。

■语境猜词I品一词多义，猜熟词生义

1.Sheangledtheladderatanangle123of30degrees,butfrommypersonalangle”,(hiswas

inappropriate.

⑪.斜置②儿角③〃.角度，观点

2.Thebookiswritteninthestraightforwardlanguagebecausetheauthorhasastraightforward

character.

①a力.简单的②ad/.坦率的

3.Westoodatthemountainfoot,staringattheawesome'view.Buttheguidewarnedustheclimb

②

wouldbehard.Still,wcdecidedtotry,knowingevensuchanawesomechallengewouldfeel

rewardingoncewereachedthetop.

①〃力令人惊叹的②a力.可怕的；很困难的

■单句语法填空|查遗漏重点，补知识空缺

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

1.OnceIthrewmyselfintoit,Ihadnodifficultyinworkingouttheproblem.

2.Thinkingtwice,Idecidedtosignupforthebasketballteam.

3.Inastronomy,manycelestialbodies(天体)likeblackholesareinvisible(visible)tothenaked

eye.

4.Tragically(tragic),shewasabandonedasababybyherparentsonacoldnight.

5.Thereisneveranydoubtthathowancientpyramidswerebuiltisamysteryforhumanbeings.

■短文语法填空|串单元词汇，赏主题美文

Sofar,we1.havebecome(become)accustomedtoobservingthenightskywithatelescope

andmostofushavebeenawarethatitis2.anawesomeinvention.Withthe3.assistancc(assist)of

it,wccanseenumberlessstarsinvisibletothenakedeve.4.Howcver/NcvcrthcIcss,ourquestisfar

beyondobservingtheunexceptionalstars,andwehavebeentrying5.toexplore(explore)many

galaxiesintheuniverse.Oureffortsneversuspend*althoughthelossoftheChallengeroncecasta

shadow6.on/overourhearts.Withthepurposeofrekindlingyoungpupils,interestinspacetravel,

(hespaceshuttle7.took(take)offon28January1986.Butonlyaminutelater,itinstantaneously

explodedandthelivesofitscrewweretragicallycutshores.inaking(makc)peoplescreamwith

horror.Allthecrewsacrificedtheirlives,9.buttheirspiritswouldinspireustocontinuetoreachfor

thestars.Howeverhazardousand10.djstant(distance)thestarsare»wewon'tsubmitourselvesto

difficulties.

提升-主题写作

■应用文增分练|中国航天成就

~~假定你是李华，今天你校组织高三学生参加了市博物馆举办的“中国航天成就展”活动。

请你就此次活动用英语写一篇题为"AVisittotheAchievementExpoofChinaAerospace”的短

文，向学校的《校园生活月报》（Cs叩〃sL诡Ma?〃力，）投稿，分享此次活动。内容包括：

1.参加人员；

2.活动内容；

3.个人感想。

【完成句子】

1.当我们漫步在展厅中的，各种各样的栩栩如生的航天飞机模型首先吸引了我们的目光。

(while引导的时间状语从句)

Whilewewerewalkingihroughtheexhibitionhall,variouslifelikemodelsofihespaceshuHle

caughloureyesfirst.

2.这表明我国在该领域付出了巨大努力。(Itisdemonstratedthat...)

kisdemonstratedourcountryhasmadegreateffortsin【hisfield.

3.最让我们惊喜的是航天模拟器，在那里我们可以亲身体验“太空飞行”。（what引导的主语

从句；where引导的非限制性定语从句）

Whatsurprisedusmostwastheaerospacesimulator,wherewecouldexperience“spaceflight”

personally.

4.我们出席了内容丰富的讲座，还观看了极具冲击力的火箭发射视频，这些都帮助我们对中

国航天有了更深刻的认识c（which引导的非限制性定语从句）

Weattendedinformalivelecluresandwatchedexlremelyexcilingvideosofrockellaunches,which

helpedusiogeldeeperinsighisintoChinaAerospace.

5.正是因为我们从不向困难低头，才在太空探索领域取得了举世瞩目的成就。（submiloneself

to；强调句）

hisbecauseweneversubmilourselves【odifficulliesihalwehavemaderemarkable

accomplishmentsinspaceexploration.

6.我深信中国永远不会中止探索太空，未来我们可以取得更多成就。（suspend）

IamgreatlyconvincedthatChinawillneversuspendexploringspaceandwecanachievemorein

thefuture.

吆且句成篇】

把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。

【参考范文】

AVisittotheAchievementExpoofChinaAerospace

Today'striptotheCityMuseumisreallyanawesomeexperience»whichwillbeengravedin

ourmindforever.

AHseniorthreestudentsvisitedtheexhibitionthemeduAchievementsofChina

Aerospace”.Whilewewerewalkingthroughtheexhibitionhall,variouslifelikemodelsofthe

spaceshuttlecaughtoureyesfirst.ltisdemonstratedthatourcountryhasmadegreateffortsinthis

field.Whatsurprisedusmostwastheaerospacesimulator,wherewecouldexperience“spaceflight”

personally.Thoughitwaschallenging,weallenjoyedit.Lastly,weattendedinformativelectures

andwatchedextremelyexcitingvideosofrocketlaunches»whichhelpedustogetdeeperinsights

intoChinaAerospace.

Itisbecauseweneversubmitourselvestodifficultiesthatwehavemaderemarkable

accomplishmentsinspaceexploration.Afterthevisit,IamgreatlyconvincedthatChinawillnever

suspendexploringspaceandwecanachievemoreinthefuture.

■续写提能练I

语料积累【主题语境结尾升华技巧：脱困类】

脱困类读后续写常常涉及危险的情节，如火灾、在森林里遇到猛兽、在森林里迷

路等。此类主题可采用下列升华诀窍:

诀窍一：经Thatdaywassounforgettablethatitwouldbeengravedinmymind

历+感悟forever.那一天是如此难忘，它将被永远刻在我的脑海里。

Only（henwasIawarethatitwascouragethatenabledustoovercome

whateverhardshipswecameacross.直到那时我才意识到，是勇气使

诀窍二：名

我们能够克服我们遇到的任何困难。

言/句型+

Withjointeffortswefinallyachievedourgoal.Justastheoldsaying

感悟

goes,"Wherethere,sawill,there,saway.”在大家的共同努力下,我

们终于达成了目标。正如那句老话所说：“有志者，事竟成。”

语料运用【探索火星】

Whenmyfriend.anastronomer,askedmewhichplanetIwouldliketogoto,I①screamed

a【【heIODvoice,"Mars!”Butmyfriendreplied,"Therearestillmanychallengeswaitingto

besolved.Withthetemperalureaveragingbelow-60℃,wecan'tgotoMarsyel.”@Iwascast

down.Myfriendadded.^©Onlyifwedon'tsubmitourselvestodifficultiescanweachieveour

goal（部分倒装）.⑷Justasanoldsayinggoes,'Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.'（升华句'

Hearingthis,Ifellthehopeinmyheartwasrekindled.

当我的朋友，一名天文学家，问我想去哪颗行星时，我用最大的声音叫道："火星！”但

是我的朋友回道：“仍然有许多等待解决的挑战。由于平均气温低于零下60摄氏度，我们还

不能去火星。”我很失望。我的朋友补充道：“只有我们不屈服于困难我们才能实现目标。正

如那句老话所说，，有志者，事竞成。听到这些话，我感觉心中的希望被重新点燃了。

单元主题组合练

（分值：62.5分）

I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分20分）

A

InMortenTyldum'smoviePassengers,charactersJimPrestonandAuroraLaneareona

120-yearinterstellarjourneywilh5,000olherpeople.Theirdestination：Homestead11,anewworld

tostarttheirlivesanew.Tosurvivethetravel,passengersenteredhibernation佟眠），eachone

frozenintheirownpod.However,somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstoo

early.Butwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthanthe

romanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?

Hibernationisastateinwhichlivingorganismsslowdown（heirmetabolic（新陈代谢的）

processeswhilemaintainingessentialfunctions.Onceinsidethesepods,astronautswillgetdrugsto

adjustmetabolism,reducecoretemperature,andcauseinactivity.OncebackonEarth,theywill

wakeupandgraduallyreadopliheirnormalfunctionalmetabolism.

ForgoingtoMars,astronautswouldrequireabout30kgoffood,water,air,andothersupplies

perday.Thus,hibernationcansignificantlycutdownontheiressentialneeds.Additionally,

hibernatingastronautswouldn'tgetbored,stressed,orlonely,andlesstimeandspacewouldbe

neededtohelpkeepthemfitorentertained.

Butthisismerelytheiheory.Spaceagenciesareinvestigatingwhetherreducingbody

temperatureandlalerinducing（导致）metabolismisamorepracticaloption,while,mostresearch

projectsarecurrentlyfocusingonanimals.Thequestionis：howcanweevokehibernationin

speciesthatarcnotnormallydoingthat?Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats,notnaturally

hibernatinganimals,isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsince（heirbodysizeismore

1relatabletoours.

Theconceptisnotbeingconsideredforthe12forthcomingMarsmission,butforlonger

missionstofartherdestinationssuchastheouterplanets,itcouldbeaveryuseful

lechnology.Hibemationforhumansisanethicallycontroversialconcept,andcriticsmayconsiderii

asamadscientist'sdream.However,withoutsuchdreamers,humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddle

Ages.

语篇解读这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了太空旅行中冬眠的理论及其研究进展。

1.WhydocstheauthormentionthemoviePassengers?

A.Toadvertiseapopularsci-fispacemovie.

B.Tointroduceanewapproachtolongspaceflights.

C.Toexplorethepossibilityofsettlinganotherplanet.

D.Torevealthepotentialdangersoflongspacetravels.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“However,somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup

90yearstooearly.Butwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappen

thantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?”可推知，作者提到电影《太空旅客》是为了

引出下文关于太空旅行中冬眠这一话题，介绍一种长途太空飞行的新方法。故选B。

2.Whathappenstohibernatingastronauts?

A.Theirfunctionalmetabolismisdisturbed.

B.Theyneedmoretimeandspaceforentertainment.

C.Theylosethebalancebetweenbasicneedsandsupplies.

D.Theirphysicalandmenialneedsarereducedtoaminimum.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，冬眠的宇航员基本需求会显著减少，也不会感到

无聊、有压力或孤独，用于保持健康和娱乐的时间和空间也更少，说明他们的身体和心理需

求都被降到了最低。故选D。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke“inparagraph4mean?

A.Initiate.B.Justify.

C.Define.D.Prioritize.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中"Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats,notnaturallyhibernating

animals,isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsincetheirbodysizeismorerelatableto

ours.“可知，此处为我们如何让那些通常不冬眠的物种进入冬眠状态？故可猜测画线单词

evoke为“唤起，引起'’的意思，和A选项Initiate”发起，启动“意思相近。故选A。

4.Whatdocstheauthorthinkofhibernationforhumans?

A.Itmaybeariskystrategy.

B.Itisadrcamhardtorealize.

C.Itcanadvancesocialprogress.

D.Itchallengestraditionalmoralvalues.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hibernationforhumansisanethicallycontroversial

concept,andcriticsmayconsideritasamadscientist'sdrcam.However,withoutsuchdreamers,

humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddleAges.”可知，作者认为人类冬眠在伦理上有争议，批评者

可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪，说明

作者认为人类冬眠可以推动社会进步。故选C。

语境猬词

①relatable（派）=relat（e）+able〃力.有关系的

②forthcoming（合）=forth+cominga力.即将•发生的

B

Starsareborninspecialareasofspacecalledstellarnurseries（恒星孕育区），wherelarge

amountsofgasanddustcometogethertoformnewstars.Tlicscenormousregions,alsoknownas

molecular（分子的）clouds,stretchacrosshundredsoflight-yearsandcreatethousandsof

stars.However,didstarsalwaysforminthesamewaythroughouttheuniverse'shistory?

ArecentstudyfromKyushuUniversityandOsakaMetropolitanUniversitysuggeststhatstars

intheearlyuniversemighthaveformedinsoftmolecularclouds,whichmakethemfloatlike

cotton.ThisdiscoverywasmadebyobservingtheSmallMagellanicCloud（SMC）,asmallgalaxy

neartheMilkyWay.TheSMChasfewerheavyelementscomparedtoourgalaxy»makingitsimilar

totheconditionsoftheearlyuniverseabout10billionyearsago.

Inourgalaxy,molecularcloudsthathelpformstarsusuallyhavealongthinshape.Scientists

thinkthesolarsystemwascreatedinasimilarway,wherealargemolecularcloud'brokeapartto

formacorethateventuallybecameastar.Overtime,gravitypulledmoregasandmatterintothese

cores»leadingtostarformation.

KazukiTokuda,aresearcheratKyushuUniversity,explainsthatunderstandinghowstars

formedintheearlyuniverseischallengingbecausetheuniversewasmostlymadeofhydrogenand

helium（M）backthen.Tostudythis,theteamusedtheALMAradiotelescopeinChiletoobserve

theSMC.Theyfoundthat60%ofthemolecularcloudshadtheusuallongthinshape,while40%

weresoft.Thctemperatureinsidethethincloudswashigherthanthatinthesoftones,whichmight

beduetohowoldthecloudsare.

Ifamoleculecloudkeepsitslongshape,it'smorelikelytobreakapartandformmanystars

likethesun.However,ifitbecomessoft,itmaybeharderforstarstofbrm.Thisstudyshowsthat

havingenoughheavyelementsisimportantformaintainingthelongshapeofmolecularclouds,

whichcanbecrucialforformingplanetarysystems.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恒星诞生于恒星孕育区，重点讲述了一项关于早

期宇宙中恒星形成方式的研究，以及分子云形状和元素对恒星形成的影响。

5.Howdocstheauthorintroducethetext?

A.Bylistingscientificdata.

B.Bydescribinganaturalprocess.

C.Byraisingmultiplequestions.

D.Bycomparingmolecules.

答案B

解析写作手法题。根据第一段中“Starsareborninspecialareasofspacecalledstellar

nurseries（恒星孕育区），wherelargeamountsofgasanddustcometogethertofonrnew

stars.Theseenormousregions,alsoknownasmolecular（分子6勺）clouds,stretchacrosshundredsof

light-yearsandcreatethousandsofstars.”可知，作者通过描述恒星形成的自然过程来引入文章

主题。故选B。

6.Whatis（hestudymainlyabout?

A.TheSMC'scomposition.

B.Thesubstancesoftheuniverse.

C.Thepropertiesofsoftmolecularclouds.

D.Thestarformationintheearlyuniverse.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“ArecentstudyfromKyushuUniversityandOsaka

MetropolitanUniversitysuggeststhatstarsintheearlyuniversemighthaveformedinsoft

molecularclouds,whichmakethemfloatlikecotton.”可知，这项研究主要是关于早期宇宙中恒

星的形成。故选D。

7.Whatcouldpossiblyberelatedtothetemperaturedifferenceinmolecularclouds?

A.Theirsize.B.Theirheight.

C.Theirshape.D.Theirage.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thetemperatureinsidethethincloudswashigher（hanthatin

thesoftones,whichmightbeduetohowoldthecloudsare.”可知,分子云中的温度差异可能与

它们的年龄有关。故选D。

8.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?

A.Theconditionsforstarstoform.

B.Theuseofelementsinsoftclouds.

C.Thestructuresofmolecularclouds.

D.Thecomplexityofplanetarysystems.

答案A

解析段落大意题。根据最后一段“Ifamoleculecloudkeepsitslongshape,it'smorelikelyto

breakapartandformmanystarslikethesun.However,ifitbecomessoft,i（maybeharderforstars

tolonn.Thisstudyshowsihaihavingenoughheavyelementsisimponanilorniairuainingthelong

shapeofmolecularclouds,whichcanbecrucialforformingplanetarysysiems.“可知，最后一段

主要讲述了恒星形成的条件。故选A。

语境猜词

①breakapart分裂，分离

②matter（熟义：。.重要，要紧）生义（文义）：".物质

H.七选五（每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

Severaldecadesafterhumanssuccessfullyputtheirfirstobjectintospace,it'smucheasierto

launchasatellite,butalotmessieroncewe'reupthere.1Therearearound5,000satellitesin

orbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingat

veryhighspeeds>makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.

Sospacesustainabilityhasbecomeabigconcern.2Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuel

thedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmsto

catchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.

3Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn'tyet

reachedaconsensus（共识）onwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthat

governhowweworkoutthere.

Firstwhyshouldwekeepthingscleaninorbit?Weusesatellitestochecktheweather,find

ourwayaround,andforfinancialpurposes.Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesofthe

earth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelp

humanswithearthboundchallenges.4

Thenhowcanwehuinansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerful

regulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkup

practicalmethods.5Onlyinthiswaycanwekeepthoseorbitalhighwaysopenforthenext

generationandbeyondbeforetheyaredeadlyblockedbyspacejunk.

A.Theyprovidesenicescloselyrelatedtoourlife.

B.Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.

C.Anyway,weshouldquickenthepaceofclearingup.

D.Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.

E.Sowedependlargelyorspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.

F.Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproble