北京市丰台区建华学校2026-2027学年第一学期10月月考高一英语（含答案）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页北京市丰台区建华学校2026-2027学年第一学期10月月考高一英语一、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共35分。AThisTinyBoxWillHelpYouRelaxInTerribleSummerHeat!TraditionalAirConditioners(AC)areoutdated.Theycostalottoinstallandevenmoretorun.Theyarehuge,noisy,anddangeroustoclean.Youcan’tmovethemaroundthehousewithyouortakethemoutside!Thousandsofpeoplearenowusingamuchcheaperalternativetocoolthemselvesintheheatandcleantheirpersonalair.Withoveramillionunitssoldworldwide,thisdeviceisbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulgadgetsof2024.EVERYONEwantsthisawesomelookingboxforsummer!WhatAreWeTalkingAbout?MeetthenewAirFreez,aninnovativealternativetoACthatcoolsyoujustthesame!It’saperfectsolutionforthoseveryhotdaysandnights!TheAirFreezwasdesignedbytwoSwissengineerswhowerefedupwithsufferinghotsummers.TheyrealizedthatnoneofthetraditionalACunitsweremadetotravelwithus.So,theydesignedthislightweight,portableAirCoolingbox.ItusesaverysmallamountofelectricityandallwithoutsacrificinganyofthemainbenefitsofatopACmodel!It’stiny,easytouseanditcancoolyouinseconds!WhatIsSoSpecialAboutThisLittleBox?ThemainbenefitsofAirFreezareitsportabilityandprice.Itisnolargerthanalunchbox.Besides,itcanbepoweredbyapocketsolarpanelorbatterypackandyouprobablyhavetheworld’smostportableACunit.ANDThereIsOneMoreThing.Thepriceisjustamazing.MostACunitscostatleast$300+ANDyouhavetopayforinstallationPLUScovertheexpensiveelectricitybillseachmonth.AirFreezcostslessthan$100(Actually$53foreachifyoubuymorethanonehere).Nomessyinstallation,noexpensiveelectricitybills.ForaCoolingunitofthisquality,thismustbethesinglebestpricequalityACunitthereis!HowCanYouGetAnAirFreez?Nowthatyouareawareofthisamazingnewinvention,hereishowtogetone—orderitfromtheOfficialWebsiteforBESTPRICE.1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAirFreez?A.Smartbutfragile. B.Costlybutmultifunctional.

C.Lightbutenergysaving. D.Hardyandenergysaving.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAirFreez?A.Itcostslessthan$53.

B.Itrequiresnocomplexinstallation.

C.Itdoesn’tconsumeelectricity.

D.Itisalittlelargerthanalunchbox.3.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.ToadvertiseAirFreez.

B.ToexplainthefunctionsofAirFreez.

C.TointroducetheinventorsofAirFreez.

D.TocompareAirFreezwithtraditionalAC．BIgotmarriedjustafterIgraduatedfromcollegeandfoundajobtosupportourfamilyatthenearbyMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).ItwasinthelaboratoryofProf.EdwardLorenzthatIlearnedwhatacomputerwasandhowtodevelopsoftware.Onedaymyhusbandsawanewspaperadvertisement.TheMITInstrumentationLaboratorywaslookingforpeopletodevelopsoftwareto“sendmantothemoon”.Deeplyattractedbothbytheideaandthefactthatithadneverbeendonebefore,Ibecamethefirstprogrammertojoinandthefirstwomanthelabhired.Atthebeginning,nobodythoughtsoftwarewassuchabigdeal.Butthentheybegantorealizehowmuchtheywererelyingonit.Oursoftwareneededtobeveryreliableandabletodetectanerrorandrecoverfromitatanytimeduringthemission.Mydaughter,Lauren,likedtoimitateme—playingastronaut.Oneday,shewaswithmewhenIwasdoingasimulation(模拟)ofamissiontothemoon.Shestartedhittingkeysandallofasudden,sheselectedaprogramwhichwassupposedtoberunbeforelaunch.Thecomputerhadsolittlespacethatitwipedthenavigationdatatakinghertothemoon.Ithought:myGod—thiscouldhappenbyaccidentinarealmission.Isuggestedaprogramchangetopreventaprelaunchprogrambeingselectedduringflight.ButthehigherupsatMITandNASAsaidtheastronautsweretoowelltrainedtomakesuchamistake.Ontheverynextmission,Apollo8,oneoftheastronautsonboardaccidentallydidexactlywhatLaurenhaddone!TheLaurenbug!Itcreateddestructionandrequiredthemissiontoberearranged.Afterthat,theyletmeputtheprogramchangein.ItwastheprogramchangethathadacrucialinfluenceonthesuccessofthemissionofApollo11.DuringtheearlydaysofApollo,softwarewasnottakenasseriouslyasotherengineeringdisciplines(学科).ItwasoutofdesperationIcameupwiththeterm“softwareengineering”.Thenonedayinameeting,oneofthemostrespectedhardwareexpertsexplainedtoeveryonethatheagreedwithmethattheprocessofbuildingsoftwareshouldalsobeconsideredanengineeringdiscipline,justlikewithhardware.Itwasamemorablemoment.4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.ShetaughtLaurentowritesoftware.

B.Shegothermaster’sdegreefromMIT.

C.SheisthefirstwomaneverhiredbyMIT.

D.Shecreatedtheterm“softwareengineering”.5.WhatgreatlycontributedtoApollo11’ssuccessaccordingtothepassage?A.Theintimeuploadofdata. B.Theprogramchange.

C.Astronauts’richexperience. D.Experts'newattitude.6.WhatcanwelearnfromMargaret’sstory?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.

C.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

D.Smallthingscanmakeabigdifference.CFromlinguists’pointofview,grammarisasetofpatternsforhowwordsareputtogethertoformphrasesorclauses,whetherinspokenorwritten.Differentlanguageshavedifferentpatterns.Somescholarshavetriedtoidentifypatternscommontoalllanguages.Butapartfromsomebasicfeatures,fewofthesesocalledlinguisticuniversalshavebeenfound.Thestudyofthesepatternsopensup“anongoingdebate”betweentwopositions,knownasprescriptivismanddescriptivism.Formuchofhistory,thevastmajorityoflanguagewasspoken.Butaspeoplebecamemoreinterconnected,writinggainedimportance.Writtenlanguagewasstandardizedtoallowbroadercommunicationandensurethatpeopleindifferentpartsaroundcouldunderstandeachother.Languagepuristsworkedtoestablishandpromotethisstandardbydetailingasetofrulesthatreflectedtheestablishedgrammaroftheirtimes.Andrulesforwrittengrammarwereappliedtospokenlanguageaswell.Speechpatternsthatdeviatedfromthewrittenruleswereconsideredsignsoflowsocialstatus.Andmanypeoplewhoaregrownupsspeakinginthesewayswereforcedtoadoptthestandardizedform.Morerecently,however,linguistshaveunderstoodthatspeechisaseparatephenomenonfromwritingwithitsownregularitiesandpatterns.Mostofuslearntospeakatsuchanearlyagethatwedon’tevenrememberit.Weformourspokenskillsthroughunconscioushabits,notmemorizedrules.Andbecausespeechalsousesmoodandintonationformeaning,itsstructureisoftenmoreflexible,adaptingtotheneedsofspeakersandlisteners.Thiscouldmeanavoidingcomplexclausesthatarehardtounderstandinrealtime,makingchangestoavoidawkwardpronunciationorremovingsoundstomakespeechfaster.Thislinguisticapproachthattriestounderstandandmapsuchdifferenceswithoutdictatingcorrectonesisknownasdescriptivism.Ratherthandecidinghowlanguageshouldbeused,itdescribeshowpeopleactuallyuseitandtrackstheinnovationtheycomeupwithintheprocess.Butwhilethedebatebetweenprescriptivismanddescriptivismcontinues,thetwoarenotmutuallyexclusive.Atitsbest,prescriptivismisusefulforinformingpeopleaboutthemostcommonestablishedpatternsatagivenpointintime.Ultimately,grammarisbestconsideredasasetoflinguistichabitsthatareconstantlybeingnegotiatedandreinventedbytheentiregroupoflanguageusers.Likelanguageitself,it’sawonderfulandcomplexfabricwoventhroughthecontributionsofspeakersandlisteners,writersandreaders,prescriptivistsanddescriptivistsfrombothnearandfar.7.Theunderlinedword“deviated”inparagraph3probablymeans________.A.copied B.updated C.differed D.originated8.Accordingtothepassage,prescriptivism________.A.focusesonestablishedlanguagepatterns

B.acceptsthedifferencesbetweenlanguages

C.followstheinnovationsinlanguagepatterns

D.attachesmoreimportancetowrittenlanguage9.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Anewunderstandingofgrammar.

B.Theongoingdebatebetweenlinguists.

C.Theimpactofgrammaronlanguage.

D.Thehistoryofgrammar.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Grammar:RulesorHabits.

B.TheBeliefheldbyprescriptivists.

C.Grammar:RulesofGrammar.

D.Grammar:WritingRules.D

Ifyoulookacrosstheentirelifespan,whatyouseeisanaverageincreaseindesirablepersonalitytraits(特点).Psychologistscallthisthe"maturityprinciple"andit'scomfortingtoknowthat,assumingyourpersonalityfollowsatypicalcourse,thentheolderyouget,thematureryouwillbecome.However,it'snotsuchgoodnewsforyoungadolescents,becauseatthispoint,somethingknownasthe"disruptionhypothesis"kicksin.

ConsiderastudyofDutchteenagerswhocompletedpersonalitytestseachyearforsixorsevenyearsfrom2005.Theboysshowedatemporarydipinconscientiousness—orderlinessandself-disciplineinearlyadolescence,andthegirlsshowedatemporaryincreaseinneuroticism—emotionalinstability.Thisseemstobackupsomeofthestereotypeswehaveofmessyteenbedroomsandmoodswings.Thankfully,thisdeclineinpersonalityisshort-lived,withtheDutchdatashowingthattheteenagers'previouspositivetraitsrebound(反弹)inlateradolescence.

Bothparentsandtheirteenagechildrenagreethatchangesoccur,butsurprisingly,theperceivedchangecandependonwhoismeasuring,accordingtoa2017studyofover2,700Germanteenagers.Theyratedtheirownpersonalitiestwice,atage11andage14,andtheirparentsalsoratedtheirpersonalitiesatthesetimes.Somedifferencesemerged:forinstance,whiletheteenagersratedthemselvesasdeclininginagreeability,theirparentssawthisdeclineasmuchshaper.Also,theteenssawthemselvesasincreasinglyextroverted(外向的),buttheirparentssawthemasincreasinglyintroverted.

Thismismatchcanperhapsbeexplainedbythebigchangesunderwayintheparent-childrelationshipbroughtonbyteenagers'growingdesireforautonomyandprivacy.Theresearcherspointoutthatparentsandteensmightalsobeusingdifferentreferencepoints—parentsaremeasuringtheirteenagers'traitsagainstatypicaladult,whiletheteenagersarecomparingtheirowntraitsagainstthosedisplayedbytheirpeers.

Thisisinlinewithseveralfurtherstudies,whichalsorevealapatternofatemporaryreductioninadvantageoustraitsinearlyadolescence.Thegeneralpictureoftheteenageyearsasatemporarypersonality"disruption"thereforeseemsaccurate.Infact,we'reonlyjustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexmixofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetoindividualpatternsofpersonalitychange.

Studiesalsooffersomecluesforhowwemightcreatemorenurturingenvironmentsforteenagerstoaidtheirpersonalitydevelopment.Thisisanapproachworthpushingfurthergiventhatteenagepersonalitytraitsarepredictiveofexperiencesinlaterlife.Forinstance,oneBritishstudyofover4,000teenagersshowedthatthosewhoscoreslowerinconscientiousnessweretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedlaterinlife,incomparisonwiththosewhoscoredhigher.

Peoplefocussomuchonteachingteenagersfactsandgettingthemtopassexams,butperhapstheyoughttopayatleastasmuchattentiontohelpingnurturetheirpersonalities.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeanexampleof"disruptionhypothesis"?A.Akindergartenkidcriesoveratoy.

B.Aboyinhighschoolcleanshisownroom.

C.Ateenagegirlfeelssadforunknownreason.

D.Acollegegraduatefeelsstressedoutbywork.12.AccordingtothestudyofGermanteenagers______.A.parentgivetheirteenstoomuchautonomyandprivacy

B.teensaremoreoptimisticabouttheirpersonalitychanges

C.teensandparentshavethesamepersonalityratingstandard

D.parentsandteenscanlateragreeonteens'personalitydecline13.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat______.A.teensshouldpaylessattentiontotheirscoresinexams

B.developingteens'personalityhasalong-termeffectintheirlife

C.people'ssuccessinlaterlifedependsonteenagepersonalitytraits

D.environmentalfactorsoutweighgeneticonesforpersonalitychange14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspresentteenagerpersonalityeducation?A.Dissatisfied. B.Approving. C.Neutral. D.Cautious.二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。PlayHelpsDevelopBigger,BetterBrains!Playingisaseriousbusiness.Childrenabsorbedinamake-believeworld,babyfoxesplay-fightingorkittensteasingaballofstringaren’tjusthavingfun.Playmaylooklikeacarefreewaytopassthetimebeforethehardworkofadulthoodcomesalong,butthere’smuchmoretoit.Ifplayisnotsimplyawaytohavefun,forwhatotherreasonshasitdeveloped?

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(66)Earlierthisyear,SergioPellisofLethbridgeUniversity,Canada,reportedthatthereisastrongpositivelinkbetweenbrainsizeandplayfulnessamongmammalsingeneral.

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Theoppositewasalsofoundtobetrue.AccordingtoJohnByersofIdahoUniversity,thetimingoftheplayfulstageinyounganimalsprovidesanimportantcluetowhat’sgoingon.Ifyouplottheamountoftimeachilddevotestoplayeachdayoverthecourseofitsdevelopment,youdiscoverapatterntypicallyassociatedwitha“sensitiveperiod”—abriefdevelopmentwindowduringwhichthebraincanactuallybeadjustedinwaysthatarenotpossibleearlierorlaterinlife.

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“Peoplehavenotpaidenoughattentiontotheamountofthebrainactivatedbyplay,”saysMareBekofffromColoradoUniversity.Bekoffstudiedcoyotepupsatplayandfoundthatthekindofbehaviorinvolvedwasobviouslymorevariableandunpredictablethanthatofadults.Healsoreasonsthatsuchbehavioractivatesmanydifferentpartsofthebrain.

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“There’senormouscognitiveinvolvementinplay,”saysBekoff.Hepointsoutthatplayofteninvolvescomplexassessmentsofplaymatesandtheuseofspecializedsignalsandrules.Hebelievesthatplaycreatesabrainthathasgreaterbehavioralflexibilityandimprovedpotentialforlearninglaterinlife.

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A．Playjustlightseverythingup.B．Theimportanceofplayfulnessisdrawingmoreattention.C．Thelatestideasuggeststhatplayhasdevelopedtobuildbigbrains.D．Apopularexplanationisthatithelpschildrendeveloptheskillstheywilllaterneed.E．Thinkoftherelativeeasewithwhichkids—butnotbabiesoradults—absorblanguage.F．Notonlyismoreofthebraininvolvedinplay,butitalsoactivateshighercognitiveprocesses.G．Comparingfifteenordersofmammal,histeamfoundlargerbrainsarelinkedtogreaterplayfulness.15.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。TheViewfromtheSlowLaneAswepulledintothedriveway,Inoticedthatsomethingseemeddifferentaboutmymom.Shewasfacingawayfromme,hershouldersdroppedandherhandsrelaxed.Iparkedthecarandsheturnedtowardme."Okay,we'rehome,"Isaid,

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thatnowwashertimetogetoutandletmebeonmyown.Shesniffedandbrushedherhairbehindherearstorevealherbloodshoteyesandmoistcheeks.Shehadbeencrying."Mom!"Iwhined(嘟囔着说),surprisedbythetearsrunningdownherface."Whyareyoucrying?"Iasked.

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,Ialreadyknewtheanswer.Ihadjustgotmylicense,whichI'dbeenlookingforwardtoformonths.Iwasfree—abletodrivemyselfwhereIneededtogo.ButnowthatIhaditinmypocket,Isuddenlyfelt

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.Ihadbeensoquicktogrowup,completelyignoringtheemotionsthatmymommustbeexperiencingwithherfirstsonnearingadulthood."Mybabyboyisgrowinguptoofast,"she

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tosaybetweendeepbreaths.Myheartached.Ihatedtoseemymomcry,andIhatedmorethatIhadbeensoignoranttowardherfeelings.Ihadbeencountingdownthedays,

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waitingtoenterthenextstageofmylife,whileshecounteddownwithfearandheartache.The

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andfreedomIhadpreviouslyfeltweregone,replacedbyanoddsenseofmourning.Wehugged.Thenshelookedmeintheeyeandtoldmetodrivecarefully."OfcourseIwill,"Ireassuredher.Sheunbuckledherseatbelt,openedthedoor,andsteppedout.Iwavedgoodbyeandpulledoutofthedriveway.Ihadbeenso

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tostartspeedingandskirtingaroundcornersthatI'dforgottenjusthowbeautifultherideis.NowIcruised(漫游)downthepeacefultwolaneroad,enjoyingthesights,sounds,andsmellsofthenaturethatsurroundsme.AtthatmomentImadeapromisetomyself,apromisetotakethings

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andtonever,ever,catchmyselfspeedingagain.LifehadpassedmebywhileIlivedmydaysinfastforward,ignorantlywishingfortomorrowand

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tonoticeallthebeautifulthingsalongtheway.Friendships,victories,heartbreaks—havespedbymebecauseIwastoobusylookingtowardthefuture.Itseemslifealsohasitsownspeedlimit,andifyoufindyourselfgoingtoofast,yourisk

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themomentsthatmakeitsospecial.20.A.fearing B.implying C.remembering D.considering21.A.incase B.nowthat C.asthough D.eventhough22.A.guilty B.anxious C.annoyed D.disappointed23.A.tried B.managed C.intended D.hesitated24.A.unwillingly B.impatiently C.nervously D.thankfully25.A.luck B.honor C.delight D.gratitude26.A.afraid B.confident C.surprised D.excited27.A.easy B.slow C.wrong D.personal28.A.trying B.failing C.refusing D.pretending29.A.wasting B.losing C.missing D.deleting四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。30.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ZhangTiangraduatedfromuniversityandgotateacher'scertificatelastyear.Hisparents,likemost,hopedhewouldgotoabigcitytofindateachingjob.Likewise,hisfriendsall

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(leave)hishometownforworkinShanghaiorBeijing.ZhangTianfeltdifferently,however.Hewantedtostartanewlifestyle.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhe

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(inspire)bythemtogoandteach

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hewasneededthemost.Forthatreasonheappliedandbecameavolunteerteacherinavillageschool.

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(bring)withhimlotsofbooks,clothes,andtwopairsoftrainers,ZhangTiantravelledtothevillagewithaneagerheart.Heimaginedallsortsofexcitingthingsaboutliving

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(dependent)andteachinginavillage.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,

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madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.Guesswhat?Paulwasonly1.6metrestall,too!Paulknewthatbeingshorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopractisemore.Duringallthosehoursofdoingjumpshotsonhisown,heusedBoguesashis

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(inspire).Pauloncesaid,"IfBoguescouldmakeit,whynotme?"Ourcoachwasnotsosure.Paulhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,whichwasreallytoughonhim.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskills,andwassomeone

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workedreallyhardandhadastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.However,Pauldidn'tgetachance.Thisweek,TheLionswereplayingourmain

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(compete),TheBears,ateam

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recordthisseasonhadbeenperfect.Theyhadn'tlostasinglegame.Itwouldbeatoughone.Pauldidn'tknowhe'dsoongetthechancethathe'dbeenwaitingfor.(1)

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五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。31.TipsforDealingwithSeasonalAffectiveDisorderSeasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD)isatypeofdepressionthatsetsinorstartsinthewinter.Unlikeothertypesofdepression,itmayimproveasspringcomeson.Itisoftenaperiodicoccurringdisorderyou’llfeeldepressedeverywinterandbegintofeelbettereachspring.SADdepressioniscausedbyloweredlevelsofserotonin(血清素),themoodaffectingbrainchemicalthatiscausedbyseasonalchangesindaylight.Shorterdaysmayalsodisruptthebody’sbiologicalclock,whichupsetsthebalanceofmelatonin(褪黑激素),thehormonewhichregulatesmoodandsleeppatterns.Seasonalaffectivedisorderisfarmorecommoninnorthernclimates,wheredayscanbeveryshortinwinter.SADaffectsmorewomenthanmenandismorelikelytooccurinpeopleunderage40thanthoseolderthanthat.Althoughanyamountofoutdoorlightcanhelpraiseserotoninlevels,gettinglightinthemorningseemstoofferthemostbenefit.Iftheweatherpermits,takeawalk.Inyourhomeoroffice,trysittingclosetoawindowthatfacessouth.Replacinglightbulbsinyourhomewithfullspectrumlightbulbscanhelpbecausetheygiveoutlightsimilartosunlight.StudieshaveshownthatincreasingyourexerciseroutinecancounteractSAD．Exerciseraiseslevelsofserotonin.Moderateexercise,whichmeansneithertoomuchnortoolittleexercise,suchaswalking,ridingastationarybikeorswimmingisagreatwaytogetstarted.Butanyactivitiesthatraiseyourheartrate,includingdailychores,canhelp,especiallyifyoucandothemoutdoorsornearasunnywindow.Yoga,joggingandTaichicanallhelpliftyourmood.(1)Accordingtothepassage,wh