山东菏泽市2026年高三下学期二模英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东菏泽市2026年高三下学期二模英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hesentthesuitout.B.Hehascollectedthesuit.C.Hehascalledthedry-cleaner’s.【答案】B【原文】W:Haveyougotthatsuitbackfromthedry-cleaning’syet?Theysaiditwouldbereadyyesterday.M:ItoldyouI’dstopbyforitandIdid.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thebrightmoon. B.Theshortwinter. C.Thesnowyscenery.【答案】C【原文】M:Cometakealookatthis:thewaythesnowisdiamond-brightunderthemoonlight!W:Wow!Italmostmakesyouwishthatwinterwouldgoonforever.3.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Attendafamilyreunion.B.Visithiscousinsabroad.C.Hostaweddinganniversaryparty.【答案】A【原文】W:Youlooksmart!Whereareyougoing?M:Todayismygrandparents’goldenweddinganniversary.Allthefamilywillbethere,evenmycousinswholiveinAustralia.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant. B.Atasupermarket. C.Atthewoman’shouse.【答案】A【原文】W:Goodmorning.WhatcanIgetyoutoday?M:Eggsalwayssoundgood.Butwhatdoyousuggest?W:Ifyou’rereallyhungry,thepancakesorpiesarewonderful.M:Hmm.I’llhaveapancake,please.Andacupofmilk.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirdailyactivities. B.Theirpersonalqualities. C.Theircareerplans.【答案】B【原文】W:Whatmakesyoudifferentfromotherpeople?M:Mmm...somepeoplesayI’mgoodatdrawing,butIhardlyeverpractice.Whataboutyou?W:I’mquiteaninventor.Ihaveideasfornewthingsandthentrytomakethemwork.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whoisprobablytheman?A.Abiologist. B.Arainforestexplorer. C.Atourguide.7.Whatcanparticipantsdoeveryfewdays?A.Telephonetheirfamily.B.Contactpeoplebyemail.C.Learntodealwithemergencies.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:Ihavesomequestions.Dowespendquitesometimeintherainforest?M:Yes.Mostofthetrip,infact.W:Andhowdowestayintouchwithourfamilyandfriends?M:Well,youcanbringyourmobilephone,butnormallyweaskpeopletokeepthemswitchedoff.Otherwise,thereareconstantincomingcallswhichinterrupteverything.Buteveryfewdayswemakesurewe’resomewhereyoucanemailpeople.Ofcourse,ifthere’sanemergency,we’llarrangeitsoyoucanspeaktoyourfamily.W:That’sgoodtohear.Thankyou.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatcontributesthemosttoEchke’sleaving?A.Herheavyworkload. B.Hertoughmanager. C.Herlowsalary.9.Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?A.Reportthecomment.B.Contactotherdepartingemployees.C.MoveEchketoanotherdepartment.【答案】8.C9.A【原文】M:Thanksforcomingtothisexitinterview,Echke.Solet’sstartwiththemostimportantquestion.Whydidyoudecidetoleave?W:Well,Igotabetterjobatanothercompany.M:Whatmakesthatjobmoreattractive?W:Well,tobehonest,I’llbedoingthesameworkformorepay.Ourpayhereisbelowmarketrate,youknow.M:Yes.We’veheardthiscommentfromotherdepartingemployees.I’llbesuretopassitontomanagementagain,though.Now,pleasetellmeyourimpressionofyourmanager.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。10.WhatdidHarrythinkofhavingacreditcard?A.Useful. B.Expensive. C.Unnecessary.11.WhatdidthebankclerkpromiseHarry?A.Alowinterestrate. B.Astudentspecial. C.Ahighcreditlimit.12.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Contactthebank. B.Writealetter. C.Readtheterms.【答案】10.A11.A12.B【原文】W:Harry!What’sthisinthemailforyoufromthebank?M:Thatmustbemycreditcard,Mom.W:Acreditcard?Whydoyouneedacreditcard?M:Well,Ithoughtitwouldbeconvenienttohaveone.W:Butlookattheletteryouhavereceived.Theinterestrateissohigh!M:Thebankclerkseemedverynice,andshepromiseditwouldn’tbesohigh...W:Shewasjustusinghermarketingskills.M:ButwhatcanIdonow?Ican’tcancelthecarduntilnextyear.W:Letmegothroughthetermscarefully.Well,itseemsthereishope.Itsaysherethat,sinceyouareastudent,theywillcancelthecardwithnochargeifyouprovidethreereasonswhyyounolongerwantthecreditcard,alongwithaletterfromyourparents.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatdoesthewomandobeforestartingthesurvey?A.Sheasksabouttheman’semployer.B.Shecommentsonsomecompanies.C.Sheshareshershoppingpreferences.14.Whatisthepurposeoftheman’ssurvey?A.Topromotefoodforchildren.B.Topublicizeeco-friendlyshopping.C.Toreducethecostofsomeproducts.15.Whatkindofproductpackagingdoesthewomansupport?A.Luxurious. B.Bright. C.Simple.16.Whatisthewoman’sopiniononbuyingeco-friendlyproducts?A.It’stroublesome. B.It’scommon. C.It’snecessary.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.C【原文】M:Goodmorning,Madam.MynameisBobSmith.I’mdoingasurveyofpeople’sshoppingpreferences.Couldyouspareafewminutes?W:Sure,butwhoareyoudoingthisfor?Idon’twanttogooutgivinginformationthatwillhelpthosebigcompaniessellmorejunkfoodtochildren.M:Don’tworry.It’stheopposite.IworkfortheGreenMarketResearchcompany.Wehelpeco-friendlycompaniestellconsumerswhytheyshouldbuytheirproducts.W:So,whatkindofquestionsareyouasking?M:Well,doyouliketobuyorganicfoodandlookforproductswithsimplepackaging?W:IdotrytobuyorganicwheneverIcan,andIdefinitelyavoidproductswithover-packagingevenifthey’rebrightandluxurious.It’sjustsowasteful.M:Great!Doyouthinkthepricedifferenceaffectsyourdecision?Sometimeseco-friendlyproductscanbemoreexpensive.W:Yes,itdoes.ButI’mwillingtosupportsustainablepractices.Ithinkit’snecessaryinthelongrun.M:That’safantasticpoint.We’vefoundthatmanyconsumersshareyourviews.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whathasthezoorecentlydone?A.Ithasexpandeditsgrounds.B.Ithasbuiltmoreparkinglots.C.Ithasintroducednewregulations.18.Whydidthezoogiveupthedog-walkingarea?A.Therewasnotenoughspace.B.Itshouldprioritizewildanimals.C.Dogswouldbescaredbyotheranimals.19.Whatanimalmaybethemostpopularatthezoo?A.Thelion. B.Thebear. C.Thekangaroo.20.Whatcanvisitorsgetforafeeoffivedollars?A.Aguidedtourofthezoo.B.ApicturetakenwithFrisbee.C.Admissiontotheexhibitioncenter.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【原文】M:Goodmorning,everybody.WelcometotheAustralianWildZoo.Iwouldliketostartbyintroducingyoutothenewfeaturesthatwehaveaddedtoourzoorecently.Beingtheonlyzoointhearea,wereceivethousandsofvisitorsayear.Wefoundthatthishugevisitortrafficwastoodemandingforthefacilities,sowedecidedtoexpandourselvesinordertogiveeveryvisitorabrilliantexperience.Also,werecentlyexpandedtheexhibitioncenter.Buttheentrancefeeisthesameasbefore—$10.Weintendedtobuildadog-walkingarea,butwefeltthatthezooshouldonlyfocusonwildanimals.Wealsointroducedanewgroupofanimals,sovisitorscannowseeawholerangeofnewadditions,includinglionsandbears.Butoneofourmostexcitingadditionstothezooisournativekangaroo,whomwehavenamedFrisbee.Forafeeofjust$5,visitorscanhavetheirphotostakenwithhim.Withthishugeimprovementtoourfacilities,wealsofounditnecessarytochangeourregulations.We’refinalizingtheregulationsandwillnotifyeveryoneoncethey’rereadyforuse.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALifeSkillsforTeenstoThriveSpring2026Registrationisopen!TheThriveprogram,launchedbyLiveLikeSamandWeBeWell,isapreventativementalhealthinitiativethatempowersandstrengthensyouthwell-being.Ourdynamicorganizationshavepartneredtohelpaddressthegrowingnationwidementalhealthcrisis.Thrivedeliversanevidence-basedcurriculumfromthefieldsofpositiveandclinicalpsychologythatpromoteswell-being,happiness,andresilience(韧性)instudents.WhattheprogramisTolearnabouttheprogram,sortthroughthechartwithdetailedinformation.ThriveProgramPreventativeMentalHealthInitiativeforTeensProgramCore•6-weekonlineprogram(Zoom)•1

hourperweek,sameday&time•Grades6‒8and9‒12cohorts•Evidence-basedcurriculum(positive+clinicalpsychology)Cost:Free(regularly$500,coveredbygrants&donations)ResearchAward:S60forcompleting5of6sessionsWhatTeensLearn√Well-being&happiness

√Healthyrelationships√Happinessbehaviors

√Stresscopingstrategies√Strengths&valuesidentification

√Mindfulness&attention√Goal-settingforwell-beingSpring2026:April20‒May29(RegisterbyApril16)WhatThrivegraduateshavetosay“OverallIhadasuperfuntimeinThrivebecauseoftheopportunitytolearnaboutatopicthatisn’tnormallydiscussedaroundmyfriends,family,orschool.”—Eimee“AfterwefinishedourlastsessionIwasabletoseemyselfinamuchmoreconfidentwayknowingIcouldfindwaystocalmdownandopenup.”—Olivia“InThrive,welearnedhowtomanagestress,healthyrelationships,strengths,goals,andmuchmore.Thesetopicsarenotonlyimportantbuttheyareverynecessaryforaperson’swellbeing.”—Jessica21.Whatdoweknowaboutthecurriculum?A.Itisevidence-based. B.Itisusuallyfree.C.Itisgivenoffline. D.Itisopenalltheyear.22.Whatdothethreegraduatesthinkoftheprogram?A.Eye-opening. B.Rewarding.C.Challenging. D.Refreshing.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toencourageteenstosignup. B.Toreportthementalhealthcrisis.C.Toexplainclinicalknowledge. D.Tosharegraduates’growthstories.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【语篇解读】文章主要介绍面向青少年的Thrive心理健康项目的详情、所学内容及毕业生评价，旨在吸引青少年报名参与。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thrivedeliversanevidence-basedcurriculumfromthefieldsofpositiveandclinicalpsychologythatpromoteswell-being,happiness,andresilience(韧性)instudents.(Thrive项目提供来自积极心理学和临床心理学领域的循证课程，旨在促进学生的幸福感、快乐感和韧性)”以及表格中“Evidence-basedcurriculum(positive+clinicalpsychology)(循证课程（积极心理学+临床心理学）)”可知，该课程是循证的。【22题详析】推理判断题。根据三位毕业生的评价：Eimee说““OverallIhadasuperfuntimeinThrivebecauseoftheopportunitytolearnaboutatopicthatisn’tnormallydiscussedaroundmyfriends,family,orschool.(总体来说，我在Thrive项目中度过了非常愉快的时光，因为有机会学习一个在我的朋友、家人或学校周围通常不会讨论的话题)”；Olivia说“AfterwefinishedourlastsessionIwasabletoseemyselfinamuchmoreconfidentwayknowingIcouldfindwaystocalmdownandopenup.(在我们完成最后一节课后，我能够以一种更加自信的方式看待自己，因为我知道我可以找到平静下来和敞开心扉的方法)”；Jessica说“InThrive,welearnedhowtomanagestress,healthyrelationships,strengths,goals,andmuchmore.Thesetopicsarenotonlyimportantbuttheyareverynecessaryforaperson’swellbeing.(在Thrive项目中，我们学习了如何管理压力、建立健康的人际关系、认识自身优势、设定目标等等。这些话题不仅重要，而且对一个人的幸福非常必要)”可知，三位毕业生都认为该项目让自己有收获、有成长，是有益的。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据文章开头“Spring2026Registrationisopen!(2026年春季报名通道已开启！)”以及全文介绍项目详情、所学内容和毕业生正面评价可知，本文的主要目的是鼓励青少年报名参与该项目。BAfewyearsago,teenagerMiaHellercameacrossanarticleinherlocalnewspaperaboutongoingwaterqualityissuesinherneighborhoodinWarrenton,Virginia.Testshadrevealedthatthewateravailablefordailyconsumptionwashighlypollutedbymicroplastics.Notlongafterthat,Heller’sparentsinvestedinawaterfiltrationsystematherhome.Thesystem,however,comeswithhighpricetagsandconstantupkeep.Seeinghermotherreplacethewaterfiltermembranes(膜)timeandagain,Hellersetouttofindabettersolution.ByearlyJanuaryof2025,aftertestinginhergarageandkitchenandovercomingobstacles,shehadaworkingprototype(原型).“Itwasessentiallyjustacontainer,”shesays.Withinthecontainerwasherfiltrationsystem,Hellerchoseareusablemagnetic(磁性的)oilcalledferrofluidtoselectivelybindtomicroplasticsaswaterflowsthroughherfiltrationsystem.Whilehermodelsuccessfullyfilteredoutthemicroplasticsfromthewaterintwosimplesteps,thesystemstillrequiredconstantmaintenance,asitdidnotself-recycletheferrofluid.Determinedtofindananswer,Hellercontinuedexperimenting.Aboutfivetrialslater,shefoundtheperfectsolution.Hercurrentprototype,whichisaboutthesizeofastandardbagofflour,consistsofthreemodules.Thefirstunit,aboutaliterinvolume,holdsthepollutedwaterinsideit,whilethesecondstoresthemagneticoil-basedferrofluid.Thecoreprocesstakesplaceinthethirdmodule,whichismuchsmaller.“Amagneticfieldpullsthemicroplasticsoutofthewater,andtheferrofluidisrecoveredandreusedinaclosedcircle,”explainsHeller.Accordingtohertests,herprototypesuccessfullyremoved95.52percentofmicroplasticsfromthewaterandrecycled87.15percentoftheferrofluid.Traditionaldrinking-watertreatmentplantsremoveabout70tomorethan90percentofmicroplasticcomponents.“Theresultisanaffordable,low-wastefiltrationsystemwithouttheuseofasolidmembrane,”saysHeller.Forherinnovation,Hellerwasafinalistinthe2025RegeneronInternationalScienceandEngineeringFair,theworld’slargestglobalsciencecompetitionforhighschoolstudents.24.WhatdirectlydroveHellertoseekabettersolution?A.Localwaterpollution. B.Highhouseholdexpenses.C.Frequentmaintenance. D.Inspirationfromanewspaper.25.Whatisthekeyforthecurrentprototype?A.Itsspecialcontainer. B.Itstwo-stepfiltration.C.Itsthree-modulestructure. D.Itsclosed-circlerecycling.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHelleraccordingtothetext?A.Carefulandconsiderate. B.Curiousandcautious.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Ambitiousandcooperative.27.WhatcanwelearnfromHeller’sstory?A.Achangeisasgoodasarest. B.Greatmindsthinkalike.C.AprilshowersbringMayflowers. D.Smallsavingscanaddup.【答案】24.C25.D26.C27.C【语篇解读】主要讲述弗吉尼亚州沃伦顿的青少年米娅·海勒（MiaHeller），因当地饮用水受微塑料严重污染，家中安装的水过滤系统不仅价格高昂还需频繁维护，她决心寻找更好的解决方案。经过多次试验，她成功研制出一种更经济、低浪费且无需固体膜的过滤系统，该系统在去除微塑料和回收磁性油方面表现出色，她也因此入围全球高中生科学竞赛决赛。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Seeinghermotherreplacethewaterfiltermembranes(膜)timeandagain,Hellersetouttofindabettersolution.(看到母亲一次又一次更换水过滤膜，海勒开始寻找更好的解决方案。)”可知，直接促使海勒寻找更好解决方案的是现有过滤系统需要频繁维护。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Amagneticfieldpullsthemicroplasticsoutofthewater,andtheferrofluidisrecoveredandreusedinaclosedcircle,”explainsHeller.(海勒解释说：“磁场将微塑料从水中吸出，磁性流体在一个封闭的循环中被回收再利用。”）可知，当前原型的关键在于其封闭循环回收功能，这使得磁性流体能够循环使用，实现更高效的过滤且减少浪费。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Afewyearsago,teenagerMiaHellercameacrossanarticleinherlocalnewspaperaboutongoingwaterqualityissuesinherneighborhoodinWarrenton,Virginia.Testshadrevealedthatthewateravailablefordailyconsumptionwashighlypollutedbymicroplastics.Notlongafterthat,Hellersetouttofindabettersolution.(几年前，青少年米娅・海勒在当地报纸上看到一篇关于她所在的弗吉尼亚州沃伦顿社区持续存在的水质问题的文章。测试显示，日常饮用的水受到微塑料的严重污染。不久之后，海勒开始寻找更好的解决方案。)”，从这里可以看出，海勒关心社区的水污染问题，主动去寻找解决办法，体现了她的责任感。又根据第二段“ByearlyJanuaryof2025,aftertestinginhergarageandkitchenandovercomingobstacles,shehadaworkingprototype(原型).(到2025年1月初，经过在自家车库和厨房反复测试、克服重重困难后，她终于做出了可以正常运作的原型机。)以及第三段“Determinedtofindananswer,Hellercontinuedexperimenting.Aboutfivetrialslater,shefoundtheperfectsolution.Hercurrentprototype,whichisaboutthesizeofastandardbagofflour,consistsofthreemodules.(海勒决心找到答案，继续进行试验。大约经过五次试验后，她找到了完美的解决方案。她目前的原型大约有一袋标准面粉那么大，由三个模块组成。)”，可知海勒通过不断试验，创新出独特的过滤系统，展现出她的创造力。【27题详析】推理判断题。主要讲述弗吉尼亚州沃伦顿的青少年米娅·海勒（MiaHeller），因当地饮用水受微塑料严重污染，家中安装的水过滤系统不仅价格高昂还需频繁维护，她决心寻找更好的解决方案。经过多次试验，她成功研制出一种更经济、低浪费且无需固体膜的过滤系统，该系统在去除微塑料和回收磁性油方面表现出色，最终取得成功，就如同经历四月的春雨（困难），迎来五月的鲜花（成功）。CBreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday,andhowitisservedmatters,too.Whenpeopledo,theytakemuchmorethantheyeat.Comparedwithorderingfromthemenu,buffetbreakfastswastemorefood—uptotwiceasmuch,accordingtoonestudy.Expertshavepuzzledforyearsoverhowtoencourageeaterstoshowalittlecontrol.Previousresearchhasfoundthatfactorswhichinfluencehowmuchendsupinthebinrangefromnationalitytothesizeoftheplates.Thepassive-aggressivesignsonsomebuffettablesaskinggueststotakeonlywhattheyknowtheywillpolishoffhavebeenshowntoincreasethepilesofleftovers.NowresearchersinNorwayandItalyhavecookedupanewidea.Theyhavebuiltavirtualbreakfastbuffetpopulatedwithvirtualguestsandareusingittofindthebeststrategiestomakebuffet-goersleavebehindfewerleftovers.Theteamsettledonfourmainmotivationsguidingtheirmodel’sbuffetgoers:peckishness(饥饿),thedesiretolivesustainably,socialpressureandself-control.Theythenoverlaidexternaldriversthatturnedthosemotivesintobehaviour.Thesealteredvariablessuchasthedurationofthebuffet,thesizeofplatesandthediversityoffoodonoffer.Theresultsuggestedthemostimportantinfluenceinlimitingwastewas,unsurprisingly,someone’sattitudetosustainability.Platesizewasthemostimportantoftheexternaldrivers:althoughthepeopleinthemodelwithbothsmallandlargeplateswentbackformore,thosewithsmallerplatestendedtofinishwhattheytook.Howlongguestswereallowedtostickaroundandwhatfoodtheycouldenjoyhadlessofanimpact.Hotelscouldusethevirtualbuffettominimisefoodwaste.Theycouldseewhathappensifplateswere20%smaller,forexample.Theycouldalsoworkoutexactlyhowthoseannoyingsignscouldberewrittentohavethemostusefuleffectgivenahotelier’stypicalcustomers.28.Whatistheproblemforbuffets?A.Offeringproperservice. B.Satisfyingeaters’tastes.C.Controllingportionsize. D.Adjustingeatingduration.29.Whataffectsbuffet-goersmostaccordingtothemodel?A.Peerpressure. B.Greenmindset. C.Platesize. D.Nationality.30.Howdoesthevirtualbuffetbenefithotels?A.Itenrichesthemenu. B.Itchangesservicehours.C.Itrearrangestablesigns. D.Itprovidespracticaldata.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AShiftinBreakfastBuffetHabits. B.VirtualModelLowersBreakfastWaste.C.LiveYourDaywithSustainableFood. D.AComputerModuleforBuffetBreakfasts.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.B【语篇解读】主要探讨自助餐早餐食物浪费这一问题，专家多年来一直在寻找鼓励食客控制食量的方法，以往研究发现多种影响食物浪费的因素，但一些措施效果不佳。如今挪威和意大利的研究人员构建虚拟早餐自助餐模型，发现影响减少浪费的最重要因素是人们对可持续发展的态度，且模型能为酒店提供实用数据以减少食物浪费。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Comparedwithorderingfromthemenu,buffetbreakfastswastemorefood—uptotwiceasmuch,accordingtoonestudy.(一项研究表明，与从菜单点餐相比，自助早餐浪费的食物更多——多达两倍)”以及第二段“Expertshavepuzzledforyearsoverhowtoencourageeaterstoshowalittlecontrol.(多年来，专家们一直困惑于如何鼓励食客有所节制)”可知，自助餐面临的问题是难以控制食客的食物分量，导致浪费严重。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Theresultsuggestedthemostimportantinfluenceinlimitingwastewas,unsurprisingly,someone’sattitudetosustainability.(结果表明，不出所料，限制浪费的最重要影响因素是人们对可持续发展的态度)”可知，根据该模型，对自助餐食客影响最大的是他们对可持续发展的态度，即环保心态。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hotelscouldusethevirtualbuffettominimisefoodwaste.Theycouldseewhathappensifplateswere20%smaller,forexample.Theycouldalsoworkoutexactlyhowthoseannoyingsignscouldberewrittentohavethemostusefuleffectgivenahotelier’stypicalcustomers.(酒店可以利用这个虚拟自助餐模型来尽量减少食物浪费。例如，他们可以看到如果盘子小20%会发生什么。他们还可以根据酒店的典型顾客，准确计算出那些烦人的标识如何改写才能产生最有用的效果)”可知，虚拟自助餐模型能为酒店提供如盘子大小变化、标识改写等方面的实用数据，帮助酒店减少食物浪费。【31题详析】主旨大意题。文章围绕自助餐食物浪费问题，介绍研究人员构建虚拟早餐自助餐模型，通过该模型发现影响减少浪费的因素，并为酒店提供减少食物浪费的实用数据，所以B选项“VirtualModelLowersBreakfastWaste(虚拟模型减少早餐浪费)”最能概括文章主旨,为最佳标题。DLargelanguagemodels(LLMs)aretrainedonthewrittenword,fromtextbookstosocialmediaposts,andourspeechascapturedinmoviesandontelevision.Thesemodelshaveminimalaccesstotheunscripted(即兴)conversationswehaveface-to-faceorvoice-to-voice.Thisisthevastmajorityofspeech,andavitalcomponentofhumanculture.There’sarisktothis.TheincreaseduseofLLMsmeanswehumanswillencountermuchmoreAI-generatedtext.Wehumans,inturn,willbegintoadoptthelinguisticpatternsandbehaviorsofthesemodels.Thiswillaffectnotjusthowwecommunicatewithoneanother,butalsohowwethinkaboutourselvesandwhatgoesonaroundus.Oneofthefirsteffectswecouldseeisinsimpleexpression,muchastextingandsocialmediahaveresultedinususingshortersentences,emojisinsteadofwords,andmuchlesspunctuation.ButwithAI,theimpactsmaybemoreharmful.A2022studyfoundthatchildreninhouseholdsthatusedvoicecommandswithtoolslikeSiriandAlexabecamecurtwhenspeakingwithhumans,oftencallingout“Hey,doX”andexpectingobedience.Additionally,LLMsmaynotlearnhowtoemulate(模仿)thefree-wheelingnatureoflive,naturalspeech.Whentold“IhateBeth!”,ChatGPTreplieswithanuninterruptedthree-partformulaofconfirmation(“That’scompletelyvalid”),invitation(“I’mheretolisten”)andinvitation(“What’sgoingon?”),farlongerthananyreplyinface-to-facedialog.“What’sBeth’sdeal?”setsoffabulletpointlistofqueriesthatreadslikeamultiplechoiceexamquestion(“IsBethacelebrity?”“afriendfromschool?”“afictionalcharacter?”).Nohumanspeaksthatway,atleastnotyet.Wedon’tpretendtoknowwhatthebestsolutionsmightbe.Butonehastoimagine:ifthere’singenuity(才能)todevelopAImodels,thensurelythere’singenuitytocomeupwithawaytotrainthemoninformalhumanspeech.Peopletalk,fullyandnaturally,toeachother—thesemodelsarebeingtrainedtomirroreverythingbutusatourmostauthenticallyhuman.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThediversesourcesforLLMtraining.B.Thevalueofface-to-faceconversations.C.ThewayshumansaccessLLMs.D.TheinadequacyofLLMtraining.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curt”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Rude. B.Excited. C.Anxious. D.Confused.34.HowdoesChatGPTrespondtopersonalremarks?A.Inafixedpattern. B.Withcasualcomments.C.Inawayhumanthinks. D.Withfollow-upquestions.35.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Thebestsolutioniseasilyavailable. B.LLMsneedunscriptedconversations.C.AImodelsreflecttruehumanfeelings. D.AIgoesfaraheadofhumanintelligence.【答案】32.D33.A34.A35.B【语篇解读】文章主要介绍大型语言模型（LLMs）缺乏即兴人类对话的训练以及其广泛使用会对人类交流、表达带来的影响，并提出相关建议。【32题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Largelanguagemodels (LLMs)

aretrainedonthewrittenword,fromtextbookstosocialmediaposts,andourspeechascapturedinmoviesandontelevision.Thesemodelshaveminimalaccesstotheunscripted(即兴)conversationswehaveface-to-faceorvoice-to-voice.Thisisthevastmajorityofspeech,andavitalcomponentofhumanculture.(大型语言模型（LLMs）是通过书面文字进行训练的，从教科书到社交媒体帖子，以及电影和电视中捕捉到的我们的语言。这些模型几乎无法接触到我们面对面或语音对语音的即兴对话。这是绝大多数的语言，也是人类文化的重要组成部分)”可知，第一段主要讲述大型语言模型的训练存在不足——缺乏对人类即兴对话的训练。【33题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“A2022studyfoundthatchildreninhouseholdsthatusedvoicecommandswithtoolslikeSiriandAlexabecamecurtwhenspeakingwithhumans,oftencallingout“Hey,doX”andexpectingobedience.(2022年的一项研究发现，家里使用Siri和Alexa等工具发出语音指令的孩子，在与人交流时会变得curt，经常大喊“嘿，做X”并期待对方服从)”可知，孩子们与人交流时语气生硬、直接且带有命令感，由此可推测curt意为“粗鲁的、生硬的”，与rude同义。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whentold“IhateBeth!”,ChatGPTreplieswithanuninterruptedthree-partformulaofconfirmation(“That’scompletelyvalid”),invitation(“I’mheretolisten”)andinvitation(“What’sgoingon?”),farlongerthananyreplyinface-to-facedialog.(当被告知“我讨厌贝丝！”时，ChatGPT会用一个不间断的三部分式回应：确认（“这完全合理”）、邀请（“我在这里倾听”）和邀请（“发生什么事了？”），比面对面对话中的任何回应都要长。)”可知，ChatGPT对个人言论的回应是固定模式的。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Butonehastoimagine:ifthere’singenuity(才能)todevelopAImodels,thensurelythere’singenuitytocomeupwithawaytotrainthemoninformalhumanspeech.Peopletalk,fullyandnaturally,toeachother—thesemodelsarebeingtrainedtomirroreverythingbutusatourmostauthenticallyhuman.(但人们不禁会想：如果有能力开发人工智能模型，那么肯定有能力想出一种方法，用非正式的人类语言来训练它们。人们彼此充分而自然地交谈——这些模型正在被训练去模仿一切，除了最真实的人类的我们。)”可知，作者想传达的是大型语言模型需要进行非正式（即兴）对话的训练。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inanageofdigitaldistraction,speediscelebrated.Weskimnewsheadlines,scrollsocialmedia,andjumpbetweentexts,treatingreadingasatasktofinishquicklyratherthananexperiencetoenjoy.____36____Yetaquietmovementcalledslowreadingisencouragingpeopletorediscoverthedepthandjoyofreadingatagentlepace.Slowreadingisthepracticeofengagingwithatextmindfully,takingtimetounderstandideas,appreciatelanguage,andreflectonmeaning.Itcontrastssharplywithspeedreading,whichprioritizesquantityoverquality,anddigitalreading,whichencouragesskimmingandmultitasking.____37____Itisaricher,moremeaningfulwaytointeractwithwrittenwords.Whenwereadslowly,weactivatedeeperpartsofthebraininvolvedinanalysis,empathy,andreflection.Theriseofdigitalmediahasmadeslowreadinghardertopractice.Screensaredesignedforquickconsumption,withhyperlinks,notifications,andshortparagraphsthatdiscouragedeepfocus.____38____This“digitalattentiondeficit（缺失）”affectslearning,work,andmentalwell-being.____39____Itappliestoanytext,fromarticlestopoems.Simpletechniquescanhelpanyoneadoptthepractice:settingasidededicatedtimewithoutdevices,readingaloud,takingnotes,andpausingtoreflectonkeypoints.Thesesmallchangesturnreadingfromahurriedchoreintoacalming,rewardingactivity.Theslowreadingmovementisnotagainsttechnologyorprogress.Itsimplyremindsusthatreadingisahumanexperience,notaperformancecriterion.Byslowingdown,wereconnectwiththepowerofwordstoinspire,challenge,andtransformus.Inafast-pacedworld,slowreadingisnotjustaskill.____40____.A.Itisaformofself-care.B.Slowreadingisnotjustforbooks.C.Itreducesstressandimprovesmentalclarity.D.Advocatesarguethatslowreadingisnotinefficient.E.Awiderangeofcontentiseasilyaccessibleondigitaldevices.F.Thisrushedapproachweakenscomprehension,memory,andcriticalthinking.G.Manypeopleadmitfailingtoreadalongarticleorbookwithoutfeelingrestless.【答案】36.F37.D38.G39.B40.A【语篇解读】本文在数字时代人们普遍习惯快速碎片化阅读的背景下，介绍了慢阅读的定义、价值、实践方法与核心理念，倡导人们在快节奏生活中践行慢阅读，重新发掘阅读的深度与乐趣。【36题详析】前文“Weskimnewsheadlines,scrollsocialmedia,andjumpbetweentexts,treatingreadingasatasktofinishquicklyratherthananexperiencetoenjoy.(我们浏览新闻标题，滚动社交媒体，跳转阅读各种信息，把阅读当作一项要尽快完成的任务，而非一种值得享受的体验。)”描述了现在人们把阅读当成快速完成的任务，F项中“Thisrushedapproachweakenscomprehension,memory,andcriticalthinkin