人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册 全册知识点

人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册全册知识点汇总使用说明：本册共5个单元，每单元按“词形转换—重点短语—经典句型—单元语法—写作模板”五模块整理，适合单元复习与期中期末背诵；文末附全册语法总览与写作话题清单，可作考前速查。单元单元标题核心语法Unit1ScienceandScientists科学与科学家表语从句Unit2BridgingCultures文化桥梁名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语）Unit3FoodandCulture饮食与文化过去完成时及被动语态Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand横跨大陆之旅非限制性定语从句Unit5FirstAid急救动词-ing形式Unit1ScienceandScientists科学与科学家1.1词形转换核心词词性与释义派生词severeadj.严重的severelyadv.严重地frustratev.使沮丧frustratedadj.（人）沮丧的；frustratingadj.（物）令人沮丧的；frustrationn.沮丧contradictv.矛盾contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；contradictionn.矛盾infectv.感染infectionn.感染；infectiousadj.传染性的；infectedadj.受感染的subscribev.订阅；赞成subscriptionn.订阅（费）suspectv.怀疑；n.嫌疑人suspiciousadj.可疑的pureadj.纯净的purelyadv.纯粹地；purifyv.净化provev.证明proofn.证据1.2重点短语短语释义subscribeto订阅；赞同onceandforall最终；一劳永逸地dieout灭绝；消失thanksto多亏；由于inaddition此外；另外apartfrom除……之外beexposedto暴露于；接触drawaconclusion得出结论link…to…把……和……联系起来takeup开始从事；占据1.3经典句型Thereasonwhy…isthat………的原因是……Whatistoblameisthat…罪魁祸首是……Itseemedthat…似乎……Itwasfoundthat…人们发现……1.4单元语法：表语从句位置：置于系动词（be、seem、remain、look、become等）之后引导词：that（无实义、通常不省略）；whether（是否）；wh-词（what、who、where、why、how）易错：if不能引导表语从句Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughevidence.Thequestioniswhetherthetheoryiscorrect.1.5写作：人物介绍（科学家、杰出人物）模板

JohnSnow,awell-knownBritishphysician,isbestknownfordefeating“KingCholera”.

Bornin…,hedevotedhimselfto….Hesuspectedthat…,sohecarriedoutaseriesofexperiments.Finally,hedrewtheconclusionthat…

Hisperseveranceandscientificspiritinspireusgreatly.话题词块：devoteoneselfto；carryoutresearch；drawaconclusion；scientificmethod；analysedataUnit2BridgingCultures文化桥梁2.1词形转换核心词词性与释义派生词qualifyv.（使）合格qualificationn.资格；学历；qualifiedadj.合格的ambitionn.抱负ambitiousadj.有雄心的adaptv.适应；改编adaptationn.适应；改编本comfortn./v.安慰comfortableadj.舒适的；uncomfortableadj.不舒服的participatev.参与participationn.参与；participantn.参与者engagev.吸引；参与engagedadj.忙于；订婚的；engagementn.约定involvev.涉及；使参与involvedadj.参与的；involvementn.参与motivatev.激励motivationn.动力；motivatedadj.积极的2.2重点短语短语释义participatein参加feelathome自在；不拘束engagein从事；参与getinvolvedin参与；卷入costanarmandaleg价格昂贵sidewith支持asfarasIknow据我所知asfarasIamconcerned在我看来insummary总的来说cultureshock文化冲击adjustto适应fitin适应；合得来2.3经典句型Itwasthefirsttimethatsbhaddone…这是某人第一次做……（注意用过去完成时）havenoidea+wh-从句不知道……Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问……aswellas和；以及（主谓一致遵循“就前原则”）2.4单元语法：名词性从句综合（主语、宾语、表语从句）that引导主语从句时常后置，用it作形式主语：Itisobviousthat…whether可引导全部名词性从句；if只能引导宾语从句语序一律用陈述语序，从句中不倒装Itisobviousthatculturalexchangebenefitsus.（主语从句）Iwonderwhetherhecanadapttothenewlife.（宾语从句）2.5写作：议论文——出国留学利弊模板

Nowadays,studyingabroadhasbecomepopular.Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.

Someholdtheviewthatstudyingabroadcanbroadenourhorizonsandimproveourforeignlanguage.Besides,wecanexperiencedifferentcultures.

However,othersarguethatitcoststoomuch.Worsestill,somestudentsmaysufferfromcultureshockandfindithardtofitin.

AsfarasI'mconcerned,ifwecanmakegoodpreparations,studyingabroadisavaluableexperience.Unit3FoodandCulture饮食与文化3.1词形转换核心词词性与释义派生词consumev.消耗；吃、喝consumptionn.消费；消耗；consumern.消费者consistv.由……组成consistentadj.一致的；consistencyn.一致性originn.起源originaladj.原来的；originallyadv.起初diverseadj.多种多样的diversityn.多样性mildadj.温和的mildlyadv.温和地spicen.香料spicyadj.辛辣的tasten./v.味道；品尝tastyadj.美味的；tastelessadj.无味的3.2重点短语短语释义consistof由……组成（无被动形式）consistin在于beconsistentwith与……一致beassociatedwith和……有关haveapreferencefor偏爱inadditionto除……之外takepridein为……自豪appealto吸引；呼吁berootedin植根于gohandinhandwith与……相伴而生3.3经典句型Itis+adj.+that…Whatmakes…isthat…使得……的是……Notonly…but(also)…不仅……而且……（置句首时用部分倒装）3.4单元语法：过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态核心含义：表示“过去的过去”，以某一过去动作或时间为参照，该动作更早完成主动形式：haddone被动形式：hadbeendone常见标志：before、bythetime、until、when加一般过去时易错：有明确的单独过去时间状语（如yesterday）时不能用过去完成时Bythetimewearrived,thedinnerhadbeenprepared.3.5写作：介绍美食与饮食文化（说明文）模板

Chinesefoodcultureisrichanddiverse.Everyplacehasitsspecialdishes.

…originatedfrom….Itconsistsof….Ittastes….Peopleloveitbecause…

Foodiscloselyconnectedwithlocalculture.Itisnotonlytastybutalsocarrieshistoryandtradition.Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand横跨大陆之旅4.1词形转换核心词词性与释义派生词arisev.出现；升起（arose,arisen）risingadj.上升的astonishv.使吃惊astonishedadj.（人）吃惊的；astonishingadj.（物）惊人的；astonishmentn.惊讶owev.欠；归功于owingto由于massn.大量massiveadj.巨大的spectacularadj.壮观的spectacularlyadv.壮观地slightadj.轻微的slightlyadv.稍微confirmv.确认confirmationn.确认commercialadj.商业的commercen.商业4.2重点短语短语释义arisefrom由……引起beboundtodo一定会；注定proceedtodo继续做toone'sastonishment令某人吃惊的是owe…to…把……归功于takeone'sbreathaway令人惊叹startout出发；启程behometo是……的所在地ratherthan而不是incontrast相比之下4.3经典句型Itwasnotuntil…that…直到……才……（强调句）ratherthan…而不是（前后成分需平行一致）Themoment…一……就……Therestands/lies…某地有……（完全倒装）4.4单元语法：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，只作补充说明；去掉后主句意思仍然完整不能使用that，指物用which，指人用who、whomwhich可指代前面整个主句的内容；as引导“正如”之意，位置灵活对比：限制性定语从句无逗号，被修饰词不可省略，去掉会影响句意Thelake,whichliesinthenorth,isbeautiful.Asweallknow,Canadaisalargecountry.4.5写作：游记与地点介绍（记叙文加景物描写）模板

Lastsummer,Imadeatripto….Wesetoutearlyinthemorning.

Ontheway,wesawamazingscenery.Whattookourbreathawaywas…

Notonlywastheviewspectacular,butwealsolearnedaboutlocalculture.

Itwasanunforgettablejourney,whichIwilltreasureforever.Unit5FirstAid急救5.1词形转换核心词词性与释义派生词minoradj.轻微的minorityn.少数；少数民族bleedv.流血（bled,bled）bleedingn.出血swellv.肿胀（swelled,swollen）swollenadj.肿胀的chokev.窒息chokingadj.令人窒息的tightadj.紧的tightlyadv.紧紧地urgentadj.紧急的urgencyn.紧急treatv.治疗；对待treatmentn.治疗injurev.伤害injuryn.伤害；injuredadj.受伤的5.2重点短语短语释义senseoftouch触觉electricshock触电helpsbtoone'sfeet扶某人站起来facedown面朝下prevent…from…阻止……chokeup噎住；堵塞avarietyof各种各样的inplace在适当位置；准备妥当applypressureto按压fallill生病5.3经典句型dependingon…根据……（现在分词短语作状语）unless除非；如果不Itisvitalthat…至关重要的是……（从句用虚拟语气(should)do）Thefirststepisdoing/todo…第一步是……5.4单元语法：动词-ing形式作主语：Seeingisbelieving.作宾语：Heenjoysreading.作表语：Thetaskisgivingfirstaid.作定语：arunningriver作状语：Havingseenthedanger,hecalle