江西萍乡市2026年高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江西萍乡市2026年高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe2026ThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge(JIC)isopentoU.S.studentsingrades6,7,or8whocompeteataSociety-affiliatedsciencefairintheUnitedStates,recognizingoutstandingstudentresearchinscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Studentsmayparticipateeitherasindividualsoraspartofateam.Teamprojectrules●Upto3members.●Eachmembermustsubmitaseparateapplicationandclearlydescribetheirindividualcontribution.●Membersarejudgedindividually—itispossiblethatonlysomemembersadvance.Requirements●Allresearchmustbethestudent’sownwork.●Projectsinvolvinghumansubjectsoranimalsrequireethicsreview.●AllapplicationmaterialsmustbeinEnglish.Awards●Top300Students:$125,anawardribbon,andaone-yearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsExploresmagazine.●Top30Finalists:$500,anall-expense-paidtriptoWashington,D.C.●STEMAwards:awardedinScience,Technology,Engineering,andMathematicscategories.Firstplacereceives$3,500andsecondplacereceives$2,500tosupportasummercamp.BothfirstandsecondplacewinnersalsoreceiveaniPad.Clickheretoknowmoreaboutotherawards.CompetitionTimeline&ProcessStageTimePeriodActionRegionalQualificationNovember1,2025–June1,2026ParticipateinaJIC-affiliatedregionalsciencefairandplaceinthetop10%toearnnominationandnationalcompetitionqualificationSubmitApplicationFebruary1,2026–June10,2026Submitonlineapplicationwithprojectabstract,fullresearchreport,andsupportingmaterialsTop300AnnouncedSeptember2,2026SemifinalistsannouncedTop30AnnouncedSeptember16,2026FinalistsannouncedNationalFinalsOctober2026In-personjudgingandawardsceremony1.Whichofthefollowingisateamprojectrule?A.Handinajointapplication. B.Workwithatleasttwopartners.C.Detailpersonalcontribution. D.Ensureallmembersadvance.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheSTEMAwards?A.OnlyfirstplacewinnersgetaniPad.B.Firstprizeineachcategoryis$3,500.C.AwardsaremainlyforScienceandEngineering.D.Secondprizewinnerscan’tattendthesummercamp.3.Whichisthecorrectorderofthecompetitionprocess?①NationalFinals②Applicationsubmission③NationalQualification④SemifinalistannouncementA.③→②→④→① B.②→③→①→④ C.④→①→③→② D.③→④→②→①【答案】1.C2.B3.A【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了2026年赛默飞世尔科技青少年创新挑战赛的规则、奖项及流程。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Teamprojectrules部分“Eachmembermustsubmitaseparateapplicationandclearlydescribetheirindividualcontribution.(每个成员必须提交单独的申请，并清楚地描述他们的个人贡献。)”可知，团队项目规则要求详细说明个人贡献。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Awards部分“STEMAwards:awardedinScience,Technology,Engineering,andMathematicscategories.Firstplacereceives3,500(STEM奖：科学、技术、工程和数学类奖项。第一名获得3500美元)”可知，STEM奖中每个类别的第一名奖金是3500美元。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据CompetitionTimeline&Process部分的表格中“RegionalQualificationNovember1,2025–June1,2026(地区资格赛2025年11月1日-2026年6月1日)”；“SubmitApplicationFebruary1,2026–June10,2026(提交申请2026年2月1日-2026年6月10日)”；“Top300AnnouncedSeptember2,2026(前300名公布：2026年9月2日)”以及“NationalFinalsOctober2026(全国总决赛2026年10月)”可知，正确的顺序是地区资格赛→提交申请→半决赛选手公布→全国总决赛，即③→②→④→①。BMaggieAderin,anaward-winningUKastronomerandbroadcaster,hasworkedontheJamesWebbandGeminitelescopes.HerautobiographyStarchildrecordsherjourneyfromasci-fi-obsessedchildtoaleadingscientist,aswellasherviewsonneurodiversity,diversityinscience,andthepowerofastronomy.Growingupininner-cityLondon,Aderindreamedofgoingintospace,inspiredbyStarTrek.Sheattended13schoolsin12yearsduetoherparents’divorce,andundiagnoseddyslexia(阅读障碍)madeherfallbehind.At14,shebuiltherowntelescopeafterlearningfromTheSkyatNight,aBBCprogramshelaterhosted.Herfather,aNigerianimmigrant,instilledinherthevalueofeducation.Forbothfatheranddaughter,themoonbecameasymbolofhope:itguidedhimonunlitroadsinNigeria,andshonebrightlyforheramidthecity’sstarlessskies.Aderinisopenaboutherneurodiversity.“Tobearolemodel,youdon’thavetobeperfect,”shesays.“IhavedyslexiaandADHD—Ican’tspellwellandamoftenlate.It’sallpartofmyneurodiversity,andyetIamreachingforthestars.”Shebelieveseveryonehassomethinginsidethemthatburnsbright.“Thekeyistofindoutwhatsetsyourheartonfire.”Throughouthercareer,Aderinhasoftenbeenunderestimated,oncemistakenforacleaneroratealady.BeingtheonlyBlackwomaninherfield,shenowreframestheseexperiencesasopportunities,stressingthatsciencethrivesondiversity.“Groupsofsimilar-mindedpeoplethinkalike,hinderinggroundbreakingleapsintechnologyandinunderstanding.”Whenitcomestoastronomy,shenotesitisthepurequestforknowledge.“Tome,it’slikepoetryandart,enliveningthespirit.Everyculturehaslookedupatthenightskyandwonderedwhat’soutthere,”shesays.Duringthepandemic,sheencouragedpeopletolookup:“Abroaderperspectivehelps.”4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAderin’searlyyears?A.Dyslexiakeptherfromschooling.B.Herfatherpushedherintoastronomy.C.HerinterestinspacearosefromSci-fi.D.Shereceivedlittlesupportfromherfamily.5.Whydoestheauthormentionthemooninparagraph2?A.Tocontrasturbanandruralenvironments.B.Toindicateasharedsourceofhope.C.ToshowAderin’sadmirationforherfather.D.ToexplainAderin’swaytochoosehercareer.6.WhatdoesAderinthinkofherbeingunderestimated?A.Amotivationtoworkharder.B.Achancetovaluediversity.C.Achallengeforfemalescientists.D.AreminderofBlackwomen’sdifficulties.7.Whatmessagedoesthetextmainlyconvey?A.Rolemodelsareexpectedtobeperfect.B.Astronomyappealstopeopleacrosscultures.C.Personalhardshipscanfuelscientificprogress.D.Diversityandperseverancedrivebreakthroughs.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.D【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了英国天文学家MaggieAderin的成长经历、职业成就及对多样性和坚持的看法。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Growingupininner-cityLondon,Aderindreamedofgoingintospace,inspiredbyStarTrek.(Aderin在伦敦市中心长大，受《星际迷航》启发，她从小就梦想飞向太空。)”可知，Aderin对太空的兴趣源于科幻小说。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Forbothfatheranddaughter,themoonbecameasymbolofhope:itguidedhimonunlitroadsinNigeria,andshonebrightlyforheramidthecity’sstarlessskies.(对父女俩来说，月亮成了希望的象征：在尼日利亚没有灯光的道路上，月亮指引着他前行；在城市无星的夜空中，月亮为她照亮。)”可知，作者在第二段提到月亮是为了表明一个共同的希望来源。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“BeingtheonlyBlackwomaninherfield,shenowreframestheseexperiencesasopportunities,stressingthatsciencethrivesondiversity.(作为她所在领域唯一的黑人女性，她现在将这些经历重新定义为机会，强调科学因多样性而繁荣。)”可知，Aderin认为她被低估是一次重视多样性的机会。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“Shebelieveseveryonehassomethinginsidethemthatburnsbright.“Thekeyistofindoutwhatsetsyourheartonfire.”(她相信每个人内心都有一些燃烧得很亮的东西。“关键是找出什么点燃了你的心。”)”以及第四段中“Groupsofsimilar-mindedpeoplethinkalike,hinderinggroundbreakingleapsintechnologyandinunderstanding.(志同道合的人想法相似，阻碍了技术和理解上的突破性飞跃。)”可知，文章主要传达了多样性和坚持推动突破的信息。CInanepisodeofFriends,actorJoeyisaskedtohostacharityshow.“Alittlegooddeed...plussomeTVexposure,nowthat’sthekindofmathJoeylikestodo!”heexclaims,whilehisfriendPhoebecallsit“totallyselfish”.Thisscenecapturesacommonhumantendency:oursuspicionofdo-gooders,especiallywhentheymightbenefitfromtheiractions.Thisinstinctisexploredinarecentpaperon“do-gooderderogation(行善者贬损)”.Researchshowsthatweoftenlookforsomeone’shiddenmotive,andoncefound,wemayjudgethemevenmoreharshlythanthosewhoactwithobviousself-interest.Forinstance,inaclassicexperimentcalledthepublicgoodsgame,participantswhocontributedthemostmoneytoasharedpoolwereoftencriticizedjustasbadlybyotherplayersasthosewhocontributednothingatall.PsychologistNicholaarguesthatweareallplayinga“statusgame”,suspiciousofanyonewhomightbefakingvirtuetoboosttheirownstanding.Studiesconfirmthis,revealingaphenomenonknownasthe“taintedaltruismeffect”(被玷污的利他效应).ImagineyourfriendAndyvolunteersatahomelessshelter.Youlaterdiscoverheisonlydoingsotogetadatewiththemanager.StudiessuggestweviewAndymorenegativelythansomeonewhotookajobatacoffeeshopforthesameromanticmotive.Wearemorejudgementalofthepersonhidingself-interestbehindacharitableact.Hafenbrädl,aresearcherattheUniversityofNavarra,suggeststhisjudgmentstemsfromacalculationweighingthesocialrewardssomeonegetsagainstthecostoftheirdeed.Inoneexperiment,aresortownerwhospent$100,000cleaninglocalbeacheswasconsideredlessmoralwhenheusedtheacttoadvertisehisbusinessthanwhenhekeptitquiet.Interestingly,Hafenbrädlfoundthatpeoplewhodonatedbloodorgavetocharityfortheirownsenseofself-satisfactionwereconsideredmoremoralthanthoseseekingtoenhancetheirreputation.PerhapsJoeyisright:purealtruismmaynotexist.Butpersonally,Iamhappytoforgivethe“warmglow”thatcomesfromhelpingothers,ifitmeansthereisalittlemorekindnessintheworld.8.Whatdoesthe“taintedaltruismeffect”referto?A.Judginggenerouspeoplepositively. B.Valuingordinaryjobsovervolunteering.C.Rewardingthosewhoseeksocialrecognition. D.Criticizingcharitableactswithhiddenmotives.9.WhatcanbelearnedfromHafenbrädl’sexperiment?A.Publicitylowersmoralcredit. B.Costalonedecidesmoralworth.C.Actionsmattermorethanmotives. D.Peopleundervalueenvironmentalacts.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe“warmglow”ofhelpingothers?A.Tolerant. B.Skeptical. C.Indifferent. D.Critical.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDisappearanceofPureAltruismB.TheHiddenCostofBeingKindtoOthersC.WhyAreWeSuspiciousofDo-gooders?D.HowtoPerformTrulySelflessGoodDeeds?【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C【语篇解读】这篇文章主要探讨了人们对行善者的怀疑态度，即“行善者贬损”现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因，并通过相关实验进行验证，最后作者表达了自己对帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”的宽容态度。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Studiesconfirmthis,revealingaphenomenonknownasthe“taintedaltruismeffect”(被玷污的利他效应).ImagineyourfriendAndyvolunteersatahomelessshelter.Youlaterdiscoverheisonlydoingsotogetadatewiththemanager.StudiessuggestweviewAndymorenegativelythansomeonewhotookajobatacoffeeshopforthesameromanticmotive.Wearemorejudgmentalofthepersonhidingself-interestbehindacharitableact(研究证实了这一点，揭示了一种被称为“被玷污的利他效应”的现象。想象一下，你的朋友安迪在一家无家可归者收容所做志愿者。你后来发现他这样做只是为了和管理人员约会。研究表明，与出于同样浪漫动机在咖啡店工作的人相比，我们对安迪的看法更消极。我们对在慈善行为背后隐藏私利的人更严厉地批评)”可知，“被玷污的利他效应”指的是批评有隐藏动机的慈善行为。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inoneexperiment,aresortownerwhospent$100,000cleaninglocalbeacheswasconsideredlessmoralwhenheusedtheacttoadvertisehisbusinessthanwhenhekeptitquiet.(在一项实验中，一位花费10万美元清理当地海滩的度假村老板，当他用这一行为来宣传自己的生意时，比他不声张时被认为更不道德)”可知，度假村老板宣传自己的生意，导致被认为不道德，可推理出从Hafenbrädl的实验中可以得知宣传会降低道德信誉。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butpersonally,Iamhappytoforgivethe“warmglow”thatcomesfromhelpingothers,ifitmeansthereisalittlemorekindnessintheworld(但就我个人而言，如果这意味着世界上多一点善良，我很乐意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”)”可知，作者乐意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”，可推理出作者对帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”持宽容态度。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thisscenecapturesacommonhumantendency:oursuspicionofdo-gooders,especiallywhentheymightbenefitfromtheiractions.(这一场景捕捉到了人类的一种常见倾向：我们对行善者的怀疑，尤其是当他们可能从自己的行为中受益时)”、第三段“Studiesconfirmthis,revealingaphenomenonknownasthe“taintedaltruismeffect”(被玷污的利他效应).ImagineyourfriendAndyvolunteersatahomelessshelter.Youlaterdiscoverheisonlydoingsotogetadatewiththemanager.StudiessuggestweviewAndymorenegativelythansomeonewhotookajobatacoffeeshopforthesameromanticmotive.Wearemorejudgmentalofthepersonhidingself-interestbehindacharitableact(研究证实了这一点，揭示了一种被称为“被玷污的利他效应”的现象。想象一下，你的朋友安迪在一家无家可归者收容所做志愿者。你后来发现他这样做只是为了和管理人员约会。研究表明，与出于同样浪漫动机在咖啡店工作的人相比，我们对安迪的看法更消极。我们对在慈善行为背后隐藏私利的人有更为苛刻的评价)”以及最后一段“Butpersonally,Iamhappytoforgivethe“warmglow”thatcomesfromhelpingothers,ifitmeansthereisalittlemorekindnessintheworld(但就我个人而言，如果这意味着世界上多一点善良，我很乐意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”)”可知，文章主要探讨了人们对行善者的怀疑态度，即“行善者贬损”现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因，并通过相关实验进行验证。所以C项“WhyAreWeSuspiciousofDo-gooders?(为什么我们对行善者持怀疑态度？)”是本文最佳标题。DAutonomousvehiclesfacemanyrisksastheysetoutontheroad,andeventhebestrobotsstruggledtomakesenseofcomplexenvironmentsasquicklyashumans.Recently,researchershavetakeninspirationfromthehumaneyetodevelopanewartificial-visionsystemthatisfourtimesfasterthancurrenttechnology.Manyrobotsusecamerasandopticalflow(光流)toperceivemotion.Optical-flowalgorithms(算法)usebrightnesschangesbetweenimagestoworkouttherobot’smotionandthatofnearbyobjects.Optical-flowmethodsneed,however,muchcalculation.Distinguishingdifferentobjectsinasingleimagecantakeover0.6seconds.Thiscanbecostly.Foranautonomousvehicledrivingatmotorwayspeeds,everyhalf-seconddelayleadstoaround12metresoftravelwithoutdatedinformation.Theefficiencyofhumanvisionbenefitsfromthelateralgeniculatenucleus(LGN)(外侧膝状体)inthebrain.TheLGNreceivesandpassesvisualinformation,guidingtheprocessingpowertoprioritizeareaswithsignificantchangesinspaceortime,suchasmovingobjects.ResearcherssoughttointroduceanLGN-likelayerintoartificialvisionsystems.Traditionalcomputerchipsstruggletoachievehigh-speedprocessingduetotheseparationofprocessingandstorage.Thus,theyturnedtoso-calledneuromorphic(神经形态的)hardwaretosolvethatproblem,anddevelopedanovelpieceofneuromorphickittoimitatetheLGN,whichcanquicklyidentifymovingareasandguideoptical-flowalgorithmstofocusonthem.Testedinavarietyofcontexts,thenewsystemoperatedatapproximatelyfourtimesthespeedofexistingoptical-flowmethodswhilemaintainingorimprovingaccuracy.Performanceincreaseswereparticularlynotableforautonomousdriving,wheretheaccuracydoubled.Yetthesystemstillreliesonconventionalalgorithms.Althoughitdoeswellinprioritizingimages,itcanneveravoidaccuracydecreaseforsceneswithcomplexmotion—afamiliarimpedimentforopticalflow.Theresearchershopethattheirsystemwillincreasethevarietyandcomplexityofsettingsinwhichroboticscanbeappliedandinteractionsbetweenhumansandlife-likerobotsmaysoonoccurinmillionsofhomes.12.Whatisthelimitationofoptical-flowalgorithmsaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Highexpenseinpracticaloperation.B.Insufficientefficiencyinreal-lifeuse.C.Occasionalmistakesincomplexcalculation.D.Lessflexibilityinchangingenvironments.13.Howdidresearchersimprovetheexistingsystem?A.Byaddingvisualinformation. B.Byupgradingoptical-flowalgorithms.C.Byseparatingprocessingfromstorage. D.Byemployinganewneuromorphicdevice.14.Howistheperformanceofthenewsystemintests?A.Itshinesinbothspeedandaccuracy.B.Itworkspoorlyinautonomousdriving.C.Itfullycovershuman-robotinteractions.D.Ittotallyabandonstraditionalalgorithms.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impediment”inparagraph5mean?A.Risk. B.Strength. C.Barrier. D.Purpose.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了研究人员受人类眼睛启发开发出更高效的人工视觉系统。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Optical-flowmethodsneed,however,muchcalculation.Distinguishingdifferentobjectsinasingleimagecantakeover0.6seconds.Thiscanbecostly.Foranautonomousvehicledrivingatmotorwayspeeds,everyhalf-seconddelayleadstoaround12metresoftravelwithoutdatedinformation.(然而，光流方法需要大量的计算。在单个图像中区分不同的物体可能需要0.6秒以上。这可能会付出高昂的代价。对于以高速公路速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车来说，每半秒的延迟都会导致以过时信息行驶约12米。)”可知，光流算法在实际应用中的效率不足。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thus,theyturnedtoso-calledneuromorphic(神经形态的)hardwaretosolvethatproblem,anddevelopedanovelpieceofneuromorphickittoimitatetheLGN,whichcanquicklyidentifymovingareasandguideoptical-flowalgorithmstofocusonthem.(因此，他们求助于所谓的神经形态硬件来解决这个问题，并开发了一种新型的神经形态工具包来模拟LGN，它可以快速识别移动区域并引导光流算法聚焦于这些区域。)”可知，研究人员通过采用一种新的神经形态设备来改进现有系统。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Testedinavarietyofcontexts,thenewsystemoperatedatapproximatelyfourtimesthespeedofexistingoptical-flowmethodswhilemaintainingorimprovingaccuracy.Performanceincreaseswereparticularlynotableforautonomousdriving,wheretheaccuracydoubled.(在各种环境下进行测试，新系统的运行速度大约是现有光流方法的四倍，同时保持或提高了准确性。对于自动驾驶来说，性能提升尤为显著，准确率提高了一倍。)”可知，新系统在测试中在速度和准确性方面表现出色。【15题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Yetthesystemstillreliesonconventionalalgorithms.Althoughitdoeswellinprioritizingimages,itcanneveravoidaccuracydecreaseforsceneswithcomplexmotion—afamiliarimpedimentforopticalflow.(然而，该系统仍然依赖于传统算法。尽管它在图像优先级排序方面做得很好，但对于具有复杂运动的场景，它永远无法避免准确性的下降——这是光流的一个熟悉的____。)”可知，该系统仍然依赖于传统算法，对于具有复杂运动的场景，它永远无法避免准确性的下降，这是光流的一个熟悉的“障碍”。所以impediment意为“障碍”，与barrier意思相近。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyrelyonpuzzlesorappstosharpenminds.____16____Ourstudyofover250,000participantsconfirmsthatphysicalactivityenhancescognitiveabilitiesatanyage.Activitiessuchaswalkingorcyclingcanincreasethesizeofthehippocampus(海马结构),thepartofthebrainresponsibleformemoryandlearning.____17____Moreintenseworkouts,suchasrunningorhigh-intensityintervaltraining,canfurtherboostthebrain’sabilitytoadaptandrewireitself.Thishelpsyoulearnmorequicklyandstaymentallysharp.Theworld’spopulationisaging.By2030,oneinsixpeoplewillbeagedover60.Withthatcomesarisingriskofcognitivedisorders.____18____Adultsshouldaimforatleast150minutesofmoderate-intensityexerciseeachweek,oratleast75minutesofmorevigorousactivity,likerunning.It’salsoimportanttoincludemuscle-strengtheningexercises,suchasliftingweights,intoworkoutsatleasttwiceaweek.Youdon’tneedtorunmarathonsorliftheavyweightstobenefit.____19____Importantly,theseformsofmovementareinclusive.Theycanbedoneathomeoroutdoors,suitingallfitnesslevels.Still,findtimeforstructuredexerciselikeregularyogaclassesforfullbrainbenefits.Ifyou’reagrandparent,considerplayingvirtualtennisorbowlingwithyourgrandchild.Ifyou’reateenagerwithsignsofADHD,tryadanceclass,andseeifitimpactsyourconcentrationinclass.Ifyou’reabusyparent,squeezein20minutesofyogaforaclearerhead.____20____Workplacesandschoolsaretakingnote:addingphysicalactivityboostsattentionandacademicperformance.Exerciseremainsapowerful,accessibletoolforbrainhealth.A.Meanwhile,oneinthreeadultsaren’tactiveenough.B.Differentexercisesbenefitbrainfunctiondifferently.C.Herearepracticalwaystoaddexercisetoyourdailylife.D.Ineachcase,you’retuningyourbrain,notjustexercising.E.Low-intensityactivitieslikeyogacanbeequallyeffective.F.Butresearchshowsexercisealsoboostsmemoryandbrainhealth.G.Onestudyshowsayearofaerobicexercisegrewolderadults’hippocampiby2%.【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.E20.D【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了运动对大脑健康的益处，并提供了将运动融入日常生活的实用建议。【16题详析】由上文“Manyrelyonpuzzlesorappstosharpenminds.(许多人依靠拼图或应用程序来锻炼思维。)”及下文“Ourstudyofover250,000participantsconfirmsthatphysicalactivityenhancescognitiveabilitiesatanyage.(我们对超过25万名参与者的研究证实，体育活动在任何年龄段都能提高认知能力。)”可知，上文提到许多人依赖拼图或应用程序来锻炼思维，下文则指出体育活动能提高认知能力，本空应说明运动对大脑健康也有益处。F选项“但研究表明，运动也能增强记忆力和大脑健康。”能承上启下，符合语境。【17题详析】由上文“Activitiessuchaswalkingorcyclingcanincreasethesizeofthehippocampus(海马结构),thepartofthebrainresponsibleformemoryandlearning.(步行或骑自行车等活动可以增加海马体的大小，海马体是大脑中负责记忆和学习的部分。)”及下文“Moreintenseworkouts,suchasrunningorhigh-intensityintervaltraining,canfurtherboostthebrain’sabilitytoadaptandrewireitself.(更剧烈的运动，如跑步或高强度间歇训练，可以进一步提高大脑适应和重新布线的能力。)”可知，上文提到步行或骑自行车等活动可以增加海马体的大小，下文则指出更剧烈的运动可以进一步提高大脑适应和重新布线的能力，本空应进一步说明某种运动对海马体的具体影响。G选项“一项研究表明，一年的有氧运动使老年人的海马体增大了2%。”能承接上文，符合语境。【18题详析】由上文“Withthatcomesarisingriskofcognitivedisorders.(随之而来的是认知障碍风险的上升。)”及下文“Adultsshouldaimforatleast150minutesofmoderate-intensityexerciseeachweek,oratleast75minutesofmorevigorousactivity,likerunning.(成年人每周应至少进行150分钟的中等强度运动，或至少进行75分钟的更剧烈的运动，如跑步。)”可知，上文提到认知障碍风险的上升，下文则给出了成年人每周应进行的运动量建议，本空应说明成年人运动不足的现状。A选项“与此同时，三分之一的成年人运动不足。”能承上启下，符合语境。【19题详析】由上文“Youdon’tneedtorunmarathonsorliftheavyweightstobenefit.(你不需要跑马拉松或举重来获得益处。)”及下文“Importantly,theseformsofmovementareinclusive.(重要的是，这些运动形式是包容性的。)”可知，上文提到不需要进行高强度的运动来获得益处，下文则指出这些运动形式是包容性的，本空应说明低强度运动同样有效。E选项“像瑜伽这样的低强度活动同样有效。”能承上启下，符合语境。【20题详析】由上文“Ifyou’reagrandparent,considerplayingvirtualtennisorbowlingwithyourgrandchild.Ifyou’reateenagerwithsignsofADHD,tryadanceclass,andseeifitimpactsyourconcentrationinclass.Ifyou’reabusyparent,squeezein20minutesofyogaforaclearerhead.(如果你是祖父母，考虑和孙子孙女玩虚拟网球或保龄球。如果你是一个有多动症迹象的青少年，试着参加舞蹈课，看看它是否会影响你在课堂上的注意力。如果你是一个忙碌的父母，抽出20分钟做瑜伽，让头脑更清醒。)”可知，上文给出了针对不同人群的运动建议，本空应说明这些运动建议的共同点，即它们都能调整大脑状态。D选项“Ineachcase,you’retuningyourbrain,notjustexercising.(在每种情况下，你都是在调整你的大脑，而不仅仅是在锻炼。)”能总结上文，符合语境。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Formanystudentsinspecialeducation,schoolspiritandextracurricularexperienceslookdifferent.Therearenoteamshirts,nocheerleadinguniforms,andoftenfewer____21____totakepartinactivitiesotherkidsenjoy.Thatreality____22____withMassey,aspecialeducationteacherinGeorgia.Everyday,hewatchedhisstudentssitonthesidelineswhileothers____23____weekendadventures.Thedisappointmentintheireyes____24____onhismind.Hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Planningthetriprequiredextensive____25____.Multiplebusesandsupportvehicleswerearrangedto____26____studentswithcomplexmedicalneeds,includingthoserequiringoxygenorfeedingtubes.Still,withthehelpofvolunteersand____27____,Masseysecretlyplannedsomethingextraordinary:thestudents’first-everovernighttriptoGreatWolfLodge—withallcosts____28____.Whenthedayarrived,Massey’sheart____29____.Wouldeverythinggosmoothly?Hisfears____30____themomenthesawthechildren’sfaceslightup.Eachstudentreceivedgiftcardsatcheck-in,givingthemthechancetomakechoices____31____—includingbuyingtheirownlunches.Asthebusestraveled,thecountyofficerpersonally____32____them,highlightingjusthowmuchthecommunitycaredforthestudents.ForMassey,the____33____wassimple.“Iknowlifehasbeenhard,”hesaid,hisvoice____34____withemotion.“Butwewilldoeverythingwecantomakesureyou’reincluded,you’reimportant,andyou____35____.”21.A.opportunities B.interests C.responsibilities D.excuses22.A.began B.stayed C.mixed D.worked23.A.messed B.postponed C.dismissed D.shared24.A.weighed B.focused C.depended D.moved25.A.creation B.discussion C.involvement D.improvement26.A.prepare B.accommodate C.connect D.allow27.A.cheers B.promises C.donations D.instructions28.A.covered B.increased C.accepted D.ignored29.A.hurt B.broke C.beat D.pounded30.A.draggedon B.meltedaway C.welledup D.droppedout31.A.hurriedly B.carefully C.independently D.officially32.A.accompanied B.invited C.reminded D.thanked33.A.issue B.task C.technique D.message34.A.sharp B.thick C.weak D.calm35.A.succeed B.survive C.matter D.respond【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.B35.C【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了一位特殊教育教师为特殊学生策划并组织了一次难忘的过夜旅行，传递了关爱与包容的信息。【21题详析】考查名词。句意：没有队服，没有啦啦队制服，而且往往很少有机会参加其他孩子喜欢的活动。A.opportunities机会；B.interests兴趣；C.responsibilities责任；D.excuses借口。根据后文“totakepartinactivitiesotherkidsenjoy”可知，特殊教育的学生很少有机会参加其他孩子喜欢的活动。【22题详析】考查动词。句意：佐治亚州特殊教育教师梅西一直面对这样的现实。A.began开始；B.stayed持续面对，停留；C.mixed混合；D.worked工作。根据后文“Everyday,hewatchedhisstudentssitonthesidelineswhileothers______weekendadventures.Thedisappointmentintheireyes______onhismind.Hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit”可知，他每天看着学生落寞旁观，说明这种现实长期存在，他一直面对这样的现实。【23题详析】考查动词。句意：每天，他都看着学生们坐在场边，而其他人则分享周末的冒险经历。A.messed弄乱；B.postponed推迟；C.dismissed解散；D.shared分享。根据后文“weekendadventures”可知，对比特殊学生旁观，普通孩子分享周末的冒险经历。【24题详析】考查动词。句意：他们眼中的失望一直萦绕在他的心头。A.weighed称重；B.focused集中；C.depended依靠；D.moved移动。根据后文“onhismind”可知，孩子们眼中的失落让他心事重重。weighonone’smind为固定短语，意为“使某人忧心忡忡”。【25题详析】考查名词。句意：规划这次旅行需要广泛的参与。A.creation创造；B.discussion讨论；C.involvement参与；D.improvement改善。根据后文“Multiplebusesandsupportvehicleswerearrangedto______studentswithcomplexmedicalneeds,includingthoserequiringoxygenorfeedingtubes.Still,withthehelpofvolunteers”可知，后文描述安排多辆车辆、医护保障、志愿者协助，说明筹备需要多方投入参与。【26题详析】考查动词。句意：安排了多辆巴士和支援车辆，以容纳有复杂医疗需求的学生，包括需要氧气或鼻饲管的学生。A.prepare准备；B.accommodate照顾，适配；C.connect连接；D.allow允许。根据后文“studentswithcomplexmedicalneeds,includingthoserequiringoxygenorfeedingtubes”可知，针对需要吸氧、鼻饲管的特殊学生，车辆与设施要适配他们的特殊需求。【27题详析】考查名词。句意：尽管如此，在志愿者和捐款的帮助下，梅西秘密地计划了一件非同寻常的事情：学生们有史以来第一次去大狼屋过夜——所有费用都已支付。A.cheers欢呼；B.promises承诺；C.donations捐款；D.instructions说明。根据后文“withallcosts”可知，后文提到全程费用全包，可知有社会捐款提供资金支持。【28题详析】考查动词。句意：尽管如此，在志愿者和捐款的帮助下，梅西秘密地计划了一件非同寻常的事情：学生们有史以来第一次去大狼屋过夜——所有费用都已支付。A.covered覆盖，支付；B.increased增加；C.accepted接受；D.ignored忽视。根据上文“withallcosts”可知，这次旅行的所有费用都已支付。covercosts为固定搭配，意为“承担费用”。【29题详析】考查动词。句意：当这一天到来时，梅西的心怦怦直跳。A.hurt伤害；B.broke打破；C.beat跳动；D.pounded（心脏等）怦怦地跳动。根据后文“Wouldeverythinggosmoothly?”可知，梅西担心旅行是否一切顺利，因此心跳加速。【30题详析】考查动词短语。句意：当他看到孩子们的脸亮起来时，他的恐惧消失了。A.draggedon拖延；B.meltedaway消失；C.welledup涌出；D.droppedout退出。根据后文“themomenthesawthechildren’sfaceslightup”可知，看到孩子们开心的样子，梅西的恐惧消失了。【31题详析】考查副词。句意：每位学生在办理入住手续时都收到了礼品卡，让他们有机会独立做出选择——包括自己买午餐。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.carefully仔细地；C.independently独立地；D.officially正式地。根据后文“includingbuyingtheirownlunches”可知，自主消费、自己做决定，体现独立选择权。【32题详析】考查动词。句意：当巴士行驶时，县警官亲自陪同他们，突显了社区对学生的关心。A.accompanied陪同；B.invited邀请；C.reminded提醒；D.thanked感谢。根据后文“highlightingjusthowmuchthecommunitycaredforthestudents”可知，县警官亲自陪同学生，突显了社区对学生的关心。【33题详析】考查名词。句意：对梅西来说，信息很简单。A.issue问题；B.task任务；C.technique技术；D.message信息。根据后文“Butwewilldoeverythingwecantomakesureyou’reincluded,you’reimportant”可知，梅西想传递的信息很简单，即确保学生被包容、被重视。【34题详析】考查形容词。句意：“我知道生活很艰难，”他说，声音因激动而哽咽。A.sharp尖锐的；B.thick厚的；C.weak虚弱的；D.calm平静的。根据后文“withemotion”可知，梅西的声音因激动而哽咽。thickwithemotion为固定短语，意为“因激动而哽咽”。【35题详析】考查动词。句意：但我们会尽一切努力确保你被包容，你很重要，你很要紧。A.succeed成功；B.survive生存；C.matter重要，要紧；D.respond回答。根据上文“you’reimportant”结合前文包容、接纳、重视的主旨可知，