专业英语八级模拟试卷117

专业英语八级模拟试卷117

一、听力复合式听写（本题共io题，每题1・0分，共

10分。）

IntroductionLinguisticshasbothpracticalandphilosophicalmotivations.Soboththe

firstandsecondeditionsofthistextweredirectedtowardstudentsof[1]many

[I].Thisthirdeditioncontinuesandfurtherdevelopsthisapproach.Wehave

aimedtodispelanumberofmythsaboutlanguageandtodiscussthevariousaspectsof

languagefrombothan[2]andcurrent[2]pointofview.Partoneis

"TheNatureofHumanLanguage."Thenwediscussspeechsoundsor[3]and

includesapassageonmachines[3]that"talk'and"understand'*.Onphonology

wedemonstratehowsoundsform[4].Because[4]ofthis,written

formsoflanguageareveryIaleinthehistoryofhumanlanguage.Thenwediscussother

[5]aspectsoflanguagehowwords[5]areformed;whatwords,

phrases,andsentencesmean;andhowwordsareputtogethertoformsentences.

Morphology,semantics,syntaxareveryim-sortantinourdiscussionandtakean

importantrole.In"SocialAspectsofLanguage,"weconsiderlanguagein[6]

[6]mdhowlanguageschangeovertime.In"The[7].Aspectsof

Lan-[7]guage,"^etalkaboutchildlanguage,animalcommunicationsystems

and[8]9rain[8]underlyinglanguageknowledgeanduse.Also,the

[9]languagesofthedeafarediscussedingreater[9]detail.The

newestfindingsonwhetherchimpanzeesandgorillascanlearnlanguagearepresented.

Ineverylessonthe[10]underlyingthe[10]diersityofphenomena

observedinhumanlanguagearehighlighted.

1、[1]

标准答案:disciplines

知识点解析:"disciplines"为"abranchofknowledgeorteaching,subjects”。

2、[2]

标准答案：historical

知识点解析：“dispel"为"loridofbyorasifbyscattering^historicaland"historic”are

differentiatedinusage,thoughtheirsensesoverlap.uHistoricMreferstowhatis

importantinhistory."HistoricaFre住rstowhateverexistedinthepast,whether

regardedasimportantornotahistoricalcharacler（历史人物），

3、［31

标准答案：phonetics

知识点解析：“phoneiics"为''thebranchoflinguisticsthatdealswiththestudyofthe

soundsofspeech”。

4、［4］

标准答案：patterns

知识点解析：“patterns"为"waysinwhichsthhappens,moves»developsoris

arranged”。

5、［5］

标准答案:grammatical

知识点角星析：“grammatica「•为"oftherulesabouttheknowledgeofreflections>syntax

andword-fbrmationofthelanguages'^

6、［6］

标准答案：society

知识点解析：“society”为“humanbeingscollectively”。

7、［7］

标准答案：biological

知识点解析：“biological”为“Oforrelatingtothescienceoflifeandofliving

organisms''o

8、［81

标准答案：mechanisms

知识点解析：“mechanisms”为“systemsofpastthatoperateorinteractlikethoseofa

machine”。

9、［91

标准答案:sign

知识点解析："sign"为"allactorgestureusedtoconveyanidea”。

1()、［10］

标准答案:universals

知识点解析："universals"为"generalorcommonrules”。

二、听力对话组题(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5

分。)

11、Whatmaterialswerenotusedforroadsurfacesduringthelastcentury?

A、Gravel.

B、Asphalt.

C、Macadam.

D^Concrete.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Theengineer回答是:Usuallytheyweregravelandmacadam.Tarsand

asphaltwereoriginallyusedonlyascoverings>butlatertheywereusedasbindersand

finallyashotmixtures,“grave『为"aloosemixtureofrockfragmentsorpebbles“砾

石；“macadam"为"pavementmadeoflayersofcompactedbrokenstone；nowusd,

boundwithtarorasphalt”碎石。

12、Concreteisusedinextensiveprojectsbecauseof.

A^theincreaseintraffic

B、thecostofothermaterials

C^thechangeoftheclimate

D、theconstructionoftheroads

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“concrete''为"aconstractionmaterialconsistingofsand»conglomerate

gravel,brokenstone,orslaginamortarorcementmatrix”混泥土。

13、Forlighttraffic,whichofthefollowingisnotused?

A、Sandclay.

B、Macadam.

C、Brick.

D^Bituminousmixture.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Theengineer指出：Forlighttraffic,water-baundmacadam,gravel,

sandclay,andbituminousmixturesareused,“biluminous"为"likeorcontaininganyof

variousflammablemixturesofhydrocarbonsandothersubstances(hatareconstituentsof

asphaltandtar”含有沥青的。

14、Whatdo'^urnpikcs'incan?

A、Roads.

Streets.

C、Lanes.

D^Highways.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这个题可以用排除法。Boads,streets,lanesarenotheavysurfaces.X

有turnpikesareextensivesurfaces.高速公路。

15、ThetotalwidthofthePennsylvaniaTurnpikeis.

A、100feet

B、78feet

C、68feet

D、88feet

标准答案：B

知识点解析：宾州高速公路每一个方向为12英尺，中间彼10英尺的路面隔开，每

—边又拓宽10英尺，这样总宽度为78英尺。

三、听力新闻（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分。）

16、Howdidthisaccidenthappen?

A、Thetrainwascontrolcdbyoutlaws.

B、Thebuswentpastastopsign.

C、Thetrainwentpastastopsign.

D^Thebushittheoncomingtrainitself.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中有：aninitialinvestigationindicatedthebuswentpastastopsigna（

thelevelcrossingandwashitbyanoncomingtrain.最先的调查表明客车直接驶过•

个停车标牌在转弯的时候被到来的火车撞到了。

17、Howwasthebusdriver?

A、Hewasdead

B、Hewasinjured

C、Hewasgone.

D^Itwasnotclear.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中有：Itwasunclearwhetherthedriverwasamong（hevictims.目前

还不清楚司机是否会在遇难者之中。

18、Whichprogrammeisseasonfinaletop-ratedprime-timedrama?

A^You'llneverforget.

B、ER

C、Law&Order

D、ThirdWatch.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：“finale”为“lastpartofapieceofmusicoradramao”这个词意思为戏剧

或音乐的最后一曲，终曲。

19、Mediaexpertsgivecreditforallnotto

A、（hefiercerivalryofthecurrentratings"sweep”

B、TVdramas,growingtendencytotransfbnnnewsintofiction

C、writers'increasingtheabilitytoimaginethekillings

D、（herecentspateofreal-lifeschoolviolencemakingheadlines

标准答案：C

知识点解析：“givecredit[o'为"findreasons；attribute…io…把...事归于...

20、Whichmoviepublicizedacasethat(urnedtheissueofmissingchildrenintoa

nationalcrisis?

A、Adams.

B、ER.

C、Sweeps.

D^Law&Order.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：消息中提到许多programmes,而各有不同的内容，在听的过程中应

该note-taking

四、常规阅读理解(本题共20题，每题上。分，共20

分。)

Horsesareusedinguardingherbs,carryingmeninlandswheretherearenoroads,and

helpingfarmersworktheirland.Pigeonshavelongbeenusedtocarrymessages.Wild

animalsfromthejungles,forestsandseasareverypopularperformersincircusesand

movingpictures.Peoplerealizethat,althoughanimalsmaynothavethesameintellgence

ashumanbeings,theyaresmartenough(oknowcertainthings.Horsesarealsoableto

learnmanythings.Homesthatareusedforguardorpolicedutymustlearnnevertobe

frightenedofnoises,traffic,andotherdisturbances.Racinghorsesareabletorunmuch

tasterthanotherhorses,buttheyarealsoquitehighstrong.1heretore,itisnecessarytor

thosepeoplewhotrainthemtobeverypatientandunderstanding.Pigeonshaveanatural

instincttoreturnhome,eveniftheyareveryfarawayandthetripishardordangerous.

Menutilizethishominginstincttosendmessagesonsmallpiecesofpaperwhichare

fastenedtothepigcons'backsorlegs.Inwartime,pigeonshavebeenknowntoflyasfast

as75milesanhourandtocoverdistancesof500to600miles.Thesehomingpigeons

begintheirtrainingwhentheyareaboutfourweeksold.Afterafewweekstheycan

beginflyingandcarryingmessages.Ifallgoeswell,theirflyingcareerlastsaboutfour

years.Animalscanlearntodomanythingsthat,whilenotnecessarilyuseful,arevery

amusingtowatch.Incircuses,animalsare(aughttodothetricksthataremostsuitable

fbrtheirphysicalandtemperamenlalmake-up.Lionsandtigerscanbetaughttoleapand

spiinggiacefullywhentoldluduso,oitostayinplaceoncoiuinand.Elephantsleantto

walkinline,tostandontheirhindlegs,tolieontheirsides,andtostandontheirheads.

Theycanalsolearntodance.Onceatrainerhadanelephantandatiger.Aftermany

weeksoflivinginthesamecage,thetwoanimalsbecameaccustomedtoeachother.

Thenthetigerwastaughttojampontheelephant'sback.Bothanimalsbecameso

interestedintheactaswellasthepraiseandfoodtheyreceivedaftertheact,thatthey

fbr-gottheywerenaturalenemies.Lateralionwasaddedtotheact.Thisalsotookalot

ofpatienttraining.However,whenthethreeanimalsgrewaccustomedtoeachotherthey

madeamostsuccessfulCircusact.

21、Racehorsesarehardtotrainbecausetheyare.

A、fasterthanotherhorses

B、smallerthanotherhorses

C、moresuspiciousthanotherhorses

D^morenervousthanotherhorses

标准答案：D

知识点解析：如果对关键话语理解较好，就不难找到。文章中提到赛马比其他马跑

得快得多，但是性子很烈，意即容易受惊且难以驯服。“but”后面的内容是回答问

题的重点所在。A（比其他的马跑得快）是事实但并非“赛马难驯卜的原因；B（比其他

的马小）与c（比其他的马多疑）文中均未提及，因此只有D为可行选择。

22、Pigeonscancarrymessagesforabout.

A^twoweeks

B、fourweeks

C^twoyears

D、fouryears

标准答案：D

知识点解析：只要排除迷惑选项的干扰并抓住关键词，就容易找到。该题设置的迷

惑选项是D（四个星期），然而题目询问信鸽的送信生涯持续的时间，而并非信鸽开

始受训的年龄，故选D（它们的飞行生涯的持续4年）。

23、Pigeonshavebeenknowntoflyasfastas.

A、75mph

B、50mph

C、110mph

D、62mph

标准答案：A

知识点解析：mph就是表示milespcranhour即可迅速作出选择。

24、Lionscanbephotographedeasilywhen.

A、theyarefollowingatrailofsomethingthatsmellsgoodtothem

B、theyarereturningtotheirfamilies

C^theyhavebeentrainedtoworkwithotheranimals

D、theydonotknowamovieactorisnearby

标准答案：B

知识/解析：只要先浏览题目（“当……时，容易给狮子摄像,、），并捕捉到丁与之相

关的信息细节（即：狮、虎之类的大型动物，当它们欢喜地蹦回自己的窝与家人进

餐时，便可拍摄到），就能直接排除A（当它们追踪气味宜人的东西时）；C（当训练他

们同其他动物共同工作时）；D（当他们不知道有摄像机在附近时）而选择B（当他们回

窝时）。

25、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、Elephantscanbegraceful.

B、Tigersarctoodangeroustobetrained

C、Animalswhicharenaturalenemiescanbetrainedtolivetogether.

D^Animalscanbecomeinterestedin(heirtricks.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章提供的信息可知大型动物(包括狮、虎、象等)受训后也能以

优雅的动作进行表演，而本为天敌的动物受训后也可和平共处，相互合作，因为它

们的兴趣都被吸引到所玩的把戏上了，因此A、c、D均符合文章内容，只有B(老

虎太危险而无法进行训练)与内容不符，放选B。

PaulaJoncs'cascagainstBillClintonisnow,fbrallpossiblepoliticalconsequencesand

capacityformediasensation,afairyroutinelawsuitofitskind.Itdoes,however,have

enormoussocialsignificance.Forthoseofuswhocareaboutsexualharassment,the

matterofJonesv.Clintonisagreatconundrum.Consider:ifJones,theformerArkansas

stateemployee,provesherclaims,thenwemustfacethefactthatwehelpedtoelect

someone--BillClinton--whohasbetrayedusonthisvitalissue.Butifsheisproved(obe

lying,thenwemustacceptthatwepushedonto(hepublicagendaanissuethatis

venerabletomanipulationbyallegedvictims.TheskepticswilluseJonescasetocast

doubtonthewholecause.Still,MsJonesdeservesthechanceloprovehercase;shehasa

righttopursuethisclaimandhavetheprocesswork.Itwillbedifficult:thesekindsof

casesusuallyare,andMs.Jonestaskofsuingasittingpresidentisharderthanmost.She

doeshaveonethingsittingorherside:hercaseisinthecourts.Sexual-harassment

claimsarereallyaboutviolationsoftheallegedvictimscivilrights,andthereisnobetter

fromfbrdeterminingandassessingthoseviolations-andfindingthetruth-thanfederal

court.Thejudicialsystemcanputasidepoliticaltodecidethesecomplicatedissues.That

isafeatthatneithertheSenateJudicialnorethicscoinmit-tccshavebeenableto

accomplish—witnesstheClarence-ThomasandBohPackwoodaffairs.Onelesson:the

legalarena,notthepoliticalone,istheplacetosettlethesesensitiveproblems.Some

havearguedthatthepeople(the"feminists")whoralliedaroundmehavefailedto

supportJones.Oursituations,however,arequitedifferent.In1991(hecountrywasinthe

middleofapublicde-bateoverwhetherClarenceThomasshouldbeconfirmed(o(he

SupremeCourt.Throughoutthatsummer,interestgroupsonbothsidesweighedinonhis

nomination.Itwasapublicforumthatinvitedapublicconversation.Butapendingcivil

action—evenoneagainstthepresident-doesnotgenerallyinvitethatkindofpublic

engagement.Mostofthepublicseemscontenttolettheprocessmoveforward.And

giventheconundrum,amcreatedbytheclaim,itisnowonderthatmany("feminists"

included)havebeenslowtojumpinto(heJones-Clintonfray.Butpeoplefromallworks

ofliferemainopentohersuit.Wedon'tyetknowwhichoutcomewemustconfront:the

presidentwhobetrayedtheissueorthewomanwhousedit.Whicheveritis,wcshould

continuetopursuesexualharassmentwiththesamekindofenergyandinterestin

eliminatingtheproblemthatwchaveinthepast,regardlessofwhoistheaccusedorthe

accuser.Thestatisticsshowthatabout40percentofwomenintheworkforcewill

encountersomeformofharassment.Wecan'taffordtoabandonthisissuenow.

26、Accordingtothepassage,thePaulaJones'casewas.

A、nothingimportant.

B、verysignificant.

C、doubtful.

D、vulnerable.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：可参看原文：uItdoes,however,haveenormoussocialsignificance.v

27、ThefederalcourtsarcmuchbetterthantheSenateJudicialorethicscommitteesin

determiningandassessingthoseviolationsbecause.

A、thefederalcourtshavemuchbiggerpower.

B、thefederalcourtsareforumfordeterminingandassessingthoseviolations.

C、thefederalcourtsarcmoreimpartial.

D、thefederalcourtsarepoliticalarena

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从原文Thejudicialsystemcanputasidepoliticaltodecidethese

complicatedissues.ThatisafeatthatneithertheSenateJudicialnorethicscommittees

havebeenabletoaccomplish.中可看出联邦法庭更公正。

28、Accordingtothepassage,theissueofsexualharassmentmustbedealtwith

seriouslybecause

A、theoutcomeisnotknown.

B、mostof(hepublicisnotcontent.

C、manyhavebeenslowtojumpintotheJones-Clintonfray.

D、asmanyas40%ofwomenintheworkforcewillencounterit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：参看最后一段可知。

29、Accordingtothepassage,sexualharassmentisto

A、violatepolitics.

B、violate(heSupremeCourt.

C、castdoubtonthewholeissue

D、disturbawomaninanillegallysexualway.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：对性骚扰作出基本性的解释。

30、Inthesentencesomehavearguedthatthepeople(the"feminists")whorallied

aroundmehavefailedtosupportJones1'(paragraph4),thephrase"ralliedaroundhasthe

meaningof

A^gatheredaround

B、reliedon

C^wasdepended

D、relied

标准答案：A

知识点解析：rallyaround原意是“帮助某人”的意思。这里表示支持，与某人站在一

边。

Ricci's"OperationColumbus"Ricci,45,isnowstrikingoutonperhapsillsboldest

ventureyet.HeplanstomarketanEnglish-languageeditionofhiselegantmonthlyart

magazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.Onceagaintheskepticsarcmurmuringthatthe

successfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall.AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethem

wrong.Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristened,hisquest"OperationColumbus"and

hassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanreadershipof300,000.,Thatgoalmaynot

betoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMR—theinitials,ofcourse,standforFranco

MariaRicci-isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestaltmagazinein

(heworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmarginofUS'500,000.TheAmerican

editionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160issuecarryingonly

40pagesofadsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.The

EnglishlanguageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelp

Americansgetover"aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart."Healsohopesthatthe

magazinewillbecomeavehicleforatwo-wayculturalex-change-whathelikestothink

ofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.Torealizethis

vision.Ricciismountingoneofthemostlavish,enterprising-andexpensive-

promotionalcampaignsinmagazine-publishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,

eightjumbo,jetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16editionofFMRacrossthe

Atlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmerican

subscribersofvariouscultural,artandbusinessmagazines.Someoftheremainingcopies

willcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.Thecostof

launchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS'smillion,butRicciishopingthat60%

ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItaliancorporations."TolandinAmericaColumbus

hadtouseSpanishsponsors,"readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet."We

wouldlikeItalians."LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeon

foreignshores.InItalyhegambled--andwon-onasimpleconcept:itismoreimportant

toshowartthantowriteaboutit.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32foil-color

pagesof17th-centurytapestries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heis

gamblingthattheconceptisexportable."Idon'texpectthatmorethan30%ofmy

readers...willactuallyreadFMR,"hesays."Themagazineissuchavisualdelightthat

theydon'thaveto."Still,heisliningupanimpressivestableofwritersandprofessorsfor

theAmericanedition,includingNoamChomsky,AnthonyBurgess,EricJongand

NormanMailer.Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithout

givingamoment'sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.

"TheAmericanscandoalmosteverythingbetterthanwccan,"saysRicci,"Butwc(the

Ital-ians)havea2,000yearedgeontheminart."

31、RicciintendshisAmericaneditionofFMRtocarrymoreAmericanartworksin

orderto.

A^boostAmericans'confidenceintheirart.

B、followthepatternsetbyhisItalianedition.

C、helpItaliansunderstandAmericanartbetter.

D^expandthereadershipofhismagazine.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks»Ricci

says,tohelpAmericansgetover“aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart.”显然其目的

是为了使美国人克服在艺术方面的自卑情结，帮助他们培养自信。

32、RicciiscomparedtoColumbusinthepassagemainlybecause.

A^(heybothbenefitedfromItaliansponsors.

B、theywereexplorersintheirownways.

C、theyobtainedoverseassponsorship.

D、theygotawarmreceptioninAmerica

标准答案：B

知识点解析；他们都在向海外扩展业务。

33、Inthesentence"ThecostoflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS'5

million"(paragraph3),theword"staggering"hasthemeaningof.

A^surprising

B、surprised

C、shocked

D、appearing

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考察单词含义。

34Weget(heimpressionthattheAmericaneditionofFMRwillprobably.

A、carrymanyacademicarticlesofhighstandard,

B、followthestyleofsomefamousexistingmagazines.

C、bereadbyonethirdofAmericanmagazinereaders.

D、pursueadistinctiveeditorialstyleofitsown.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：次题中前三个明显错误。可用排除法。

35、Inthesentence"readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet"(paragraph4),the

phrase"promotionalpamphlet"hasitsChineseequivalentof.

A、宣传册

B、晋升表

C、促进措施

D、提拔机会

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从上文可知，他在为杂志做宣传。另外也可从单词意义上推知。

TemporaryEmploymentSomeobservershaveattributedthedramaticgrowthin

temporaryemploymentthatoccurredintheUnitedStatesduringthe1980'stoincreased

participationintheworkforcebycertaingroups,suchasfirsttinicorreenteringworkers,

whosupposedlyprefersucharrangements.However,statisticalanalysesrevealthat

demo-graphicchangesintheworkforcedidnotcorrelatewithvariationsinthetotal

numberoftemporaryworkers.Instead,theseanalysessuggestthatfactors'affecting

employersaccountfortheriseintemporaryemployment.Onefactorisproductdemand:

temporaryemploymentisfavoredbyemployerswhoarcadaptingtofluctuatingdemand

forproductswhileatthesametimeseekingtoreduceoveralllaborcosts.Anotherfactor

islabor'sreducedbargainingstrength,whichallowsemployersmorecontroloverthe

termsofemployment.Giventheanalyses,whichrevealthatgrowthintemporary

employmentnowfarexceedsthelevelexplainablebyrecentworkforceentryratesof

groupssaidtoprefertemporaryjobs,firmsshouldbediscouragedfromcreating

excessivenumbersoftemporarypositions.Governmentpolicymakersshouldconsider

mandatingbenefitcoverageIbrtemporaryemployees,promotingpayequitybetween

temporaryandpermanentworkers,assistinglaborunionsinorganizingtemporary

workers,andencouragingfirmstoassigntemporaryjobsprimarilytoemployeeswho

explicitlyindicatethatpreference.

36、Thefirstsentenceinthepassagesuggests(hattheobserversmentionedinlineI

wouldbemostlikelyto.predictwhichof(hefollowings?

A、Thatthetotalnumberoftemporaiypositionswouldincreaseasfewerworkerswere

abletofindpermanentpositions.

B、Thatemployerswouldhavelesscontroloverthe(ermsofworkersemploymentas

workersincreasedtheirbargainingstrength.

C、Thatmoreworkerswouldbehiredfortemporarypositionsasproductdemand

increased

D、Thatthenumberofworkerstakingtemporarypositionswouldincreaseasmore

workersinanygivendemographicgroupenteredtheworkforce.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据原文，这些人将临时工的增加归于特定人群加入劳动大军的增

加。所以D是正确的，当更多的特定团体的工人加入劳动大军时，临时工总数会

增加。A、B、c不符合上述推理。

37、Thepassagementionseachofthefollowingasanappropriatekindofgovernmental

actionEXCEPT.

A、encouragingequitablepayfortemporaryandpermanentemployees

B、gettingfirmstooffertemporaryemploymentprimarilytoacertaingroupofpeople

C、ensuringthattemporaryworkersobtainbenefitsfromtheiremployers

D、faciliatingtheorganizationoftemporaryworkersbylaborunions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题为语义辨析题，需根据全文做出判断。文章最后部分指出：企业

应将此类工作提供给真正对这份职业有需求的人。而项主张使企业将临时工作主要

提供给特定人群，与以上观点相违背，因而应该选B。

PolicemanasaWriterIdecidedtobegintheterm'sworkwith(heshortstorysincethat

formwouldbe(heeasiestforthepoliceof5cers,notonlybecausemostoftheirreading

uptothenhadprobablybeeninthatgenre,butalsobe-causeastudyofthereactionof

peopletovarioussituationswassomethingtheyreliedonintheirdailywork.For

instance,theyhadtobeabletopredicthowotherswouldreacttotheirdirectivesand

interventionsbe-foredecidingon(heirownformofaction;(heyhad(obeable(olakein

thedetailsofasituationquicklyandcorrectlybeforeintervening.Nomatterhowfactual

andsparsepolicereportsmayseemtous,theymustmakeuseofaselectionofvital

detail,similartowhichawriterofashortstoryhastomake.Thiswastaughttomeby

oneofmystudents,acaptain,attheendoftheterm.Ihadbegunthestudyoftheshort

storybystressingthedifferencesbetweenafactualreport,suchasascientist'sora

policeman'sreport,andthepresentationofacreativewriter.Whileaselectionof

necessarydetailsisinvolvedinboth,theofficermustremainneutralandclearly(ryto

presentapictureofthefacts,while(heartistusuallybeginswithapreconceivedmessage

orattitudewhichisthentransmittedthroughtheuseofcarefullyselectedde-tailsof

actiondescribedinwordsintendedtoprvokeassociationsandemotionalreactionsinthe

reader.Onlyattheendofthetermdidthecaptainpointouttomethatheandhismen

alsotrytoevaluatetheeventstheydescribeandthattheirdescriptionofasequenceof

eventsmustofnecessitybestructuredandcoloredbytheirunderstandingofwhatbas

takenplace.Thepolicemen'sreactionstoeventsandcharactersinthestorieswere

surprisinglyunprejudiced...Theydidnotobjecttowriterswhosestorieshadtodowith

theirprotagonist'srebellionagainstsociety'sacceptedvalues.Nordidstoriesinwhich

thestrongfatherbecomesthevillainandinwhichourusualidealsofmanhoodarcturned

aroundoffendthem.Themanyhuntersamongmystudentsreadilygrantedthemessage

inthosehuntingtalesinwhichsensitivitytriumphsovermaleaggressiveness,storiesthat

showtheboybe-comingamanbecausehefailstoshootthedeer,goose,orcatbird.The

onlycharacterstheydidobjecttowerethosetheythoughtunrealistic.Astheprevious

classhaddone,thisonealsoexcelledininterpretingthewaysinwhichcharactersreveal

(hemselves,subtlymanipulateandinfluenceeachother;they,too,understoodhowthe

storyusuallysavesitsinsight,itsrevelation,fortheend.Thisalmostinstinctivegraspof

(hewritingoffictionwasrevealedwhenthepolicemenvolunteered(owritetheirown

shortstories.Theynotonlytookgreatpainswithplotandcharacter,butwithstyleand

language.Thestoriesweresurprisinglywellwrittenjevealinganunderstandingofwhat

asolidshortstorymustcontain-therevelationofcharacter,theuseofbackground

descriptionandlanguagetocreateatmosphereandmood,theneedtosustainsuspense

andgetmakeeacheventasitoccursseemnatural,theinsightachievedeitherbythe

charactersinthestoryorthereaderorboth.Theytendedtofavorsurpriseendings.Some

storiesweresheerfantasies,orderivedfrompreviousreading,films,ortelevisionshows.

Mostwrotestories,obviouslybasedontheirownexperiences,whichrevealedthe

amazingdistancetheymustpatbetweentheirpersonallivesandtheirwork,whichispart

oftiletrainingforbeingagoodcop.Thesestories,aswellasiheirdiscussionsofthem,

showedhowcoollytheyjudgedtheirownweaknessesaswellasthehumorwithwhich

(heyacceptedsomeofthedifficultiesorinjusticesofexistence.Despitetheirauthors

unmistakablesenseofironyandawarenessofcorruption,thesestoriesdemonstratedhow

clearly,almostnaively,thesepolicemenwantedtocontinuetobelieveinsomeoftheso-

calledAmericanvirtues-thatcourageisworththeeffortandwillbeadmired;thathard

workwillberewarded;thatlifeissomehowgood;andthat,despitetheweariness,

boredom,andoccasionaluglinessanddanger,despitealltheirdislikeofmostoftheir

routineanddespitetheirownoccasionalgrousingandcomplaints,theysomehowdidlike

beingcops;thatlife,eveninachaoticandviolentworld,isworthitafterall.

38、Compared(o(heartist,thepolicemanis.

A^aggressiveandnotpassive

B、factualandnotfanciful

C、neutralandnotprejudiced

D、amanofaction,notwords

标准答案：C

知识点解析：正确在第二段中。警察必须客观公正，而艺术家却是有偏见的。

39、Ukewriters,poliemenmust.

A、analyzesituations

B、haveanartisticbent

C、behavecoolly

D、intervenequickly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这道题要求考生通读第—段和第二段。警察必须“也试着对……进

行评判这里的“电”指的是与艺术家和作家相比而言。

40、Accordingtotheauthor,policemenviewtheirprofessionas.

A、dangerousbutadventuresome

B、fullofcorruption

C、fullofroutine

D、worththeeffort

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D综合r警察的感受。腐败和例行公事稍稍提r一下，影响很小。有

关冒险文中没提到。见第匹段。

五、常识（本题共70题，每题分，共70分。）

41、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHundredYearsWar?

A^AwarbetweenFranceandEngland;

B、Itwasconventionallydated1337-1453.

C、TheEnglistkingsattemptedtodominateFrance.

D^AllEnglishconquestshadbeensolidifiedby1453.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：在英法百年战争中，英国皇族企图吞并法国，战争之