专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷39

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷39

一、常规阅读理解(含5小题)(本题共”题，每题

L0分,共17分。)

Mostearthquakesoccurwithin(heupper15milesoftheearth'ssurface.Butearthquakes

cananddooccuralalldepthstoabout460miles.Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepth

increases.Atabout460milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Nearthe

surfaceearthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonth,buttheyearlyaveragedoesnot

varymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberofearthquakeseachyear,thenumberof

disastrousearthquakesisverysmall.Theextentofthedisasterinanearthquakedepends

onmanyfactors.IfyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanErectorset,itwillstillstand

nomatterhowmuchyoushakethetable.Butifyoubuildatoyhousewithapackof

cards,aslightshakeofthetabicwillmakeitfail.AnearthquakeinAgadir,Morocco,was

notstrongenoughtoberecordedondistantinstruments,butitcompletelydestroyedthe

city.Manystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittledamage.Ifabuildingis

wellconstructedandbuiltonsolidground,itwillresistanearthquake.Mostdeathsin

earthquakeshavebeenduetofaultybuildingconstructionorpoorbuildingsites.Athird

andveryseriousfactorispanic.Whenpeoplerushoutintonarrowstreets,moredeaths

willresult.TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportantpartinreducingthedamagedone

byearthquakes.Ilhassenta(earnofexperts(oallcountriesknowntobeaffectedby

earthquakes.Workingwithlocalgeologistsandengineers,theexpertshavestudied(he

natureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpracticalbuildingcodeforthelocalarea.If

followed,thesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakesalmostathingofthepast.

Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthatlittlecanbedoneabout.Thisisthedisaster

causedbyseismicseawaves,ortsunamis.(Theseareoftencalledtidalwaves,butthe

nameisincorrect.Theyhavenothingtodowithtides.)Incertainareas,earthquakestake

placebeneaththesea.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgiverisetoseismicsea

waves.Thewavesarcnotnoticeableoutatseabecauseoftheirlongwavelength.But

whentheyrollintoharbours,theypileupintowallsofwater6to60feethigh.The

Japanesecallthem"tsunamis",meaning"harbourwaves'1,becausetheyreachasizable

heightonlyinharbours.Tsunamistravelfairlyslowly,atspeedsupto500milesanhour.

Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarnallshoreslikelytobereachedby(he

waves.But(hisonlyenablespeopletoleavethethreatenedshoresforhigherground.

Thereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwave.

1、WhichofthefollowingCanNotbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A^Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.

B、Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.

C、Earthquakesarcimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.

D、Eailliquakcbaicmustlikelytuouuuincai(hesuifaces.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第1段的第3句可以排除A：根据第1段的第5句可排除B；根

据第1段的第1句可排除Do根据第1段的第2句可确定C的内容不符合文章内

容，所以本题选C。

2^ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof

A、faultybuildingconstruction.

B、anearthquake'sstrength.

C、widespreadpanicinearthquakes.

D^ineffectiveinstruments.

标准答案；A

知识点解析：文章的第2段讨论了地震危害大小的决定因素，作者一开始以建造玩

具房子为例来说明不同结构的房屋在地震中受危害程度的不同。接着作者说

Agadir的地震并不强烈，仪器都没有记录下来，但整个城市都被毁了；而一些更强

烈的地震造成的危害却很小。所以在这里作者是用Agadir的例了•来说明不合理的

房屋结构受地震造成的危害之大，A为答案。

3、TheUnitedNations'expertsaresupposedto

A^constructstrongbuildings.

B、putforwardproposals.

C、detectdisastrousearthquakes.

monitorearthquakes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第3段的最后两句提到，联合国的专家们与当地的地质学家和工程师

们一起研究地质，提出最适合当地情况的建筑标准。如果他们的建议得到采纳，将

非常有效地避免地震带来的危害。最后一句中的“suggestions”指的就是专家们的建

议，所以B（提出建议）正确。

4、Thesignificanceoftheslowspeedoftsunamisisthatpeoplemay

A^noticethemoutatsea.

B、findwaystostopthem.

C、bewarnedearlyenough.

D、developwarningsystems.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章最后一段提到，由于海啸移动比较缓慢，（警报系统）让人们得以

离开受海啸威胁的地区并转移到高地上去，所以C为正确选项。此题容易误选

D,海啸移动缓慢，使人们得以利用警报系统提前预报，但警报系统的开发本身并

不是海啸移动缓慢的意义所在，所以D不正确。

Cancerofthelungisstilltheleadingcauseofcancerdeathinmenandwomen

worldwide,andalthoughitsincidenceinmenmaybefallingintheUK,inmuchofthe

worlditisrisinginbothsexes.Thefirstcigaretteshadbeenrolledbysoldiersinthe

Turkish-Egyptianwarmorethan90yearsbeforethefirstofthetwoworldwarsthat

popularizedsmoking.Between1938and1948lungcancerincreasedfivetimesfaster

thanothercancers,butthesestatisticswerenomatchfortheimpactofHollywoodstars

smokinginfilms.Bythistimewomenweresmokingalmostasmuchasmen.Thereare

twomaintypesoflungcancer,determinedbythetypeofcellinvolved—smallcelland

non-smallcelllungcancer.Around75%ofcasesareofthenon-srnallcellvariety,the

standardsmallcelllungcancersaccountfor20%andafewrarertypesofJungcancer

completethebalance.About90%ofalllungcancercasescanbeattributedtosmoking.

Theoutcomeisstillnotgood.Thefive-yearsurvivalrateinthosewithlungcanceris

approximately15%.Dependingonthetypeofcancer,surgery,radiotherapyor

chemotherapymaybeused,butifthecancerhasnotspread,thefirstlineoftreatmentis

usuallysurgery.Ifthetumorhasspread,eitherradiotherapy,chemotherapyorbothmay

beused,sometimesincombination.Thechoiceoftreatmentwilldependonthetypeof

cellformingthecancerandtheextentofitsgrowth.Advancednon-smallcellcanceris

usuallytreatedwithchemotherapyandinthesecasesradiotherapyisusedfor

symptomatictreatment.Likewiseinsmallcellcancer,whichhasusuallyspreadbeyond

theoriginalsiteatdiagnosissothatsurgeryisunlikelytobeusedandthemainstayof

treatmentischemotherapyandradiation.

5、Whatdoes"incidence"meaninthefirstparagraph?

A、Impact.

B、Possibility.

C、Occurrence.

D、Negativeness.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由incidence所在句可知,该句用failing和rising来修饰incidence,

故可以确定该词是指某种频率，结合句意可知此处应指发病率，故C为正确答

案。

6、Whatistrueaboutthehistoryofcigarettes?

A^DuringWorldWarIIcigarettes5impactwaswellverified.

B、ItisonlytheFirstWorldWarthatreallypopularizedsmoking.

C、Hollywoodstars'influenceexclusivelyboostedsmoking.

Thefirstcigaretteswererolledmorethan90yearsago.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第I段第3句讲到，在1938年至1948年期间，肺癌增加的速度是其

他癌症的5倍，因此A“二战期间吸烟的危害被证实”符合文意，为答案。该段第2

句中定语从句的先行词是thetwoworldwars,而不是theFirstWorldWar»排除

B；两次世界大战以及好莱坞影片都是吸烟增多的原因，exclusively用得不当，因

此排除C：第一支香烟出现在一战爆发前90年，而不是距今90年前，D错。

7、Inthesecondparagraph,whyistheoutcomesaidtohe"stillnotgood"?

A、Becausethereisstillabout90%ofalllungcancercasesresultingfromsmokingnow.

Becausecigaretteleadstosmallcellaswellasnon-smallcelllungcancer.

C、Becauseonly15%oflungcancersuffererscanlivefor5ycars.

D、Afewrarertypesoflungcancerarestillbeyondcurability.

reactaccording(othesituation,'*saidJorgeCuadri,aprojectengineerwithSpain's

NationalCentreofMicroelectronics.Cuadriishelpingtodevelop(hecircuitry(电路装

置)forthelocust-inspiredcrashavoidancetechnology.Cuadriandhiscolleaguesarc

responsibleforadaptingthelocustcollision-avoidancesystemtotheautomotive

environment.Theiradaptedsystemisbasedonasingle,integratedstepthatcombines

visualopticsandelectronics.Theconventionalwayofdoingthiswouldinvolvetwo

steps:First,acamerawouldcapturetheimage.Second,adigitalprocessorwouldanalyze

it.The(wo-stepapproach,whichusesradarimages,isexpensiveandcurrenilylimited

onlytoluxurycars.Rindsaid.

10^Thereasonwhyhumanbeingsarcunabletoreactintimetoavoidcarcollisionsis

that

A、wehavenoLGMDbehindoureyes.

B、carsarenotadvancedenoughyet.

C、ourvisionistoolimited.

D^ourbrainisnevergoodaifunctioninginthisway.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章前面讲到蝗虫能避免与其他动物碰撞的原因在于它们的眼睛后面

有一个叫作LGMD的很大的神经元，它可以帮助蝗虫迅速反应，从而避免碰撞。

这是人类所不具有的，故A为答案。C”人类的视力有限”只是相对于蝗虫的不足之

一，不是人类不能避免碰撞的根本原因。

11、Whatwouldimmediatelyhappenifhumanbeingswereendowedwiththepowerto

seeagoodmanyimagesinquiteashortinstant?

A、Everymovementwouldbecomesoeasilyobservablethatitisjustlikeinslow

motion.

B、Humanbeingswouldbeignorantofallothermovementsexceptthingsthatareona

crashroutewiththem.

C、Everythingaroundwouldpassbyatalowerspeed.

D、Humanbeingswouldbeverysensitivetothosecarsthatareabouttobump.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题干中的假设与蝗虫具有的能力一致(蝗虫每秒钟看到的图像比人类

要多许多)，第5段最后一句说到，蝗虫的这种能力在人类身上(For

humans...),就好比我们在看慢镜头一样，故A正确。

12、WhatkindoffieldsiscoveredwhenCuadriadaptsthelocustcollision-avoidance

systemto(heautomotiveenvironment?

A、Visualopticsandelectrics.

B、Electronicsandvisualoptics.

C、Visualopticsandelectronics.

D^Physicsandchemistry.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中的thelocustcollision-avoidancesystemtotheautomotive

environment可快速定位至第8、9段。第9段首中的Theiradaptedsystem就是指代

第8段中的collision-avoidancesystem,故由第9段首句可以直接得出答案为visual

opticsandelectronics,HPC。

Thepassagewillmostprobablybefollowedbyadiscussionof

A、howtodecreasethepriceofthisadaptedsystem,

howtoderivenewmethodsfromotherinsects.

C、whatproblemsresearcherswouldfaceandthefuturedevelopmentofcrash-

avoidancecircuitry.

D、thefurtheranalysisofLGMD.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章最后几段讲到人类要将蝗虫的LGMD应用到H常生活中，并讲

述其原理，最后提出这个系统带来的问题之一，即该系统价格昂贵。由此可以推

测，下文很可能会继续就开发这一系统遇到的问题和该系统的发展前景展开讨论，

因此选Co

Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecome"computer-literate",

inotherwords,tolearntounderstandcomputersandwhatmakesthemtick.Notall

expertsagree,however,thatthisisagoodidea.Onepioneer,inparticular,whodisagrees

isDavidTebbutt,thefounderofComput-ertownUK.Allhoughmanypeoplesee(hisasa

successfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer.Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.

HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedforjusttheoppositereason,tobring

computerstothepeopleandmakethem"pcoplc-litcratc".Davidfirstgottheideawhen

hevisitedoneofAmerica'sbest-knowncomputer"guru"figure,BobAlbrecht,inthe

smalluniversitytownofPaloAltoinNorthernCalifornia.Albrechthadstartedaproject

calledComputertownUSAinthelocallibrary,andthelocalchildrenusedtocallround

everyWednesdaytoborrowsometimeonthecomputersthere,insteadofborrowing

librarybooks.Albrechtwasalwaysonhandtoansweranyquestionsandtohelpthe

childrendiscoveraboutcomputersintheirownway.Overhere,inBritain,

Computertownshavetakenoffinabigway,andtherearenowabout40scatteredover

(hecountry.DavidTebbuttthinkstheyaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclub.

Heinsiststhereisavastandimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo,althoughthey

complementeachother.Theclubscaterfortheenthusiasts,withsomecoinpuier

knowledgealready,whogettogetherandeventuallyformanexpertcomputergroup.This

frightensawaynon-experts,whoarehappiergoingtoComputertownswherethereare

computersavailableforthemtoexperimenton,withexpertsavailabletoencouragethem

andansweranyquestions;theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfindout.DavidTebbuttfinds

itinterestingtoseethetwodifferentapproachesworkingsidebyside.Thecomputer

expertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeabletoexplainthe

answerstothequestionsthatpeoplereallywanttoknow.InsomeComputcrtownsthere

arcquestionsessions,ratherlikeradiophone-ins,wheretheexpertslistentoalotof

questionsandthentrytoworkoutsomestructuretoanswerthem.Peoplearcnothaving

tolearncomputerjargons,buttheexpertsarehavingtotranslatecomputermysteriesinto

easilyunderstoodterms;thecomputersarebecoming"people-literate".

14、AccordingtoDavidTebbutt.thepurposeofConiputertownUKisto

A、trainpeopletounderstandhowcomputerswork.

B、makemorecomputersavailabletopeople.

C、enablemorepeopletofixcomputersthemselves.

D、helppeoplefindoutmoreaboutcompute