专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷186

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷186

一、选择题(本题共12题，每题1.0分，共12分。)

(I)HarryS.TrumanHighSchoolintheBronxhaseightfloors,sevengymnasiums,a

footballfieldandaplanetarium.Butthereisoneplaceofflimits(oitsmorethan3.000

students:thesix-laneswimmingpool,whichhasbeendryformorethanadecade.

Flankedbyemptybleachers,coatedwithdustanddimlylightedbyafewfluorescent

bulbs,whosedullbuzzingnoisesubstitutesforsplashingandcheering,thepoolevokes

anauraofeerieloneliness.(2)WithintheNewYorkCitypublicschoolsystem,though,

thetroubledTrumanpoolrepresentsatrend.Ofthe50swimmingpoolstuckedinsidethe

city's1,200schoolbuildings,10arcinunusablecondition.AtMartinLutherKingJr.

HighSchoolinManhattan,thepool,emptysinceleaksandfiltrationproblemswere

discoveredin1986,hasbeenusedovertheyearstostoreoldchairsanddesks.Thepool

atWaltonHighSchoolintheBronxhasbeenclosedsincethe1980's,despitea$54

millionschoolwiderenovation.NexttoTruman'scompetitivepoolisasmallerpractice

pool,whichisalsoempty,exceptforgrime,spatteredpaintandafewcigarettebutts.

(3)For(heswimmingenthusiastsofthecitypublicschoolsystem,theemptyschoolpools

areasadspectacle,hollowsymbolsoflostopportunities:tocombatobesity;toprovide

summerjobtraininginacitythathashad(oimportlifeguardsfromEuropeinrecent

years;toenticethatsubsetofstudentswhojustmaylovethewatereveniftheyhate

everythingelseabouthighschool."Swimmingkindofputsyouinadifferentframeof

mind—there'snoiseandlaughter,peoplefeelingfreeandweightless,"saidSanaQ.

Nasser,theprincipalofTruman."Herewehaveapoolthatneedsateensybittogetit

going,andtoseeitemptyishcart-vvrcnching."(4)ThclatestversionofMayorMichaelR.

BloombergsS13.1billion,five-yeareducationalcapitalplan,tobeannouncedinthe

comingweeks,willinclude$60millionforupgradestoadozenschoolpools,including

$7millionforTruman,$5millionforWaltonand$4millionforKing,saidStevenW.

Lawitts,seniorvicepresidentoftheSchoolConstructionAuthority."Thesepoolsare

goingtobefixed,',Mr.Lawittssaid.Buttheschoolsystem'scapitalplanshave

historicallycalledforprojectsthatneverenduphappening,amongthemtheplanned

renovationofoneoftwopoolsat(heGeorgeWashingtonHighSchoolcampus,in

WashingtonHeights.Also,themayor'splanrelieson$6.5billionfromthestale,whichis

resistingacourtordertogivethecityschoolsmoremoney.(5)"Iwouldloveittobethe

casethatkidscouldswimnextyearatTrumanHighSchool,"saidEvaS.Moskowitz,

chairwomanoftheCityCouncilEducationCommittee,whosefatherswamonthe

StuyvesantHighSchoolteam."Peopleshouldnotbefooledthatsimplybecausethepool

repairisinthecapitalbudgetitwillhappen."(6)Teachersandprincipalssaythatwhen

schoolpoolswork,theyareoasesfromwhatevertroublesmaypassinthehallwaysand

classrooms.Tensionovertestscoresandsafetyconcernsdissipatesinthesmellof

chlorine,thecreakofdivingboards,thesplashofthebutterflystroke.(7)OntheWest

SideofManhattan,thepurportedexistenceofapoolatMartinLutherKingJr.High

SchoolwassuchamysterythatitinspiredanarticleinTheAdvocate,astudent

newspaperoncampus.Appearingundertheheadline"UnlockingMLK'sSecrets,"the

articlewasaccompaniedbyaphotographshowingoldfurnitureandatelevisionset

stackednexttotheemptypool.Atotherschools,thesituationisreversed."Theseniors

wouldalwaystellthefreshmentheycouldgofindthepoolonthefifthfloor,"saidAdam

Kerzner,aBronxScienceswimmerwhograduatedfromtheschool——whichhasnofifth

floor-in1997."Itwaskindoflikeahazingthing."Swimteamsrepresentingalleight

StatenIslandhighschoolsviefbrpracticetimeatCurtisHighSchool,(heborough'sonly

publicschoolwithapool."It'shectic,"saidJimMeraglia,Curtis'sathleticdirector.

1、WhichofthefollowingdetailsofswimmingpoolinMartinLutherKingJr.High

SchoolisINCORRECT?

A^Ithasbeenusedasastorageofoldchairsanddeskssince1986.

B、ItisincludedintheMayor'sfive-yeareducationalcapitalplan.

C、Itisstillinunusableconditiondespiteaschoolwiderenovation.

D^Iteverinspiredanarticletitled"UnlockingMLK'sSecrets".

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C张冠李戴，把关于WaltonHighSchool“沃尔顿中学”的表述套用于

马丁・路德・金中学，故为答案。

2、WhichofthefollowingbenefitsofswimmingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A、Losingweight.

B、Keepinghealthy.

C^Relievingstress.

D、Forgettingtroubles.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是关于游泳的益处，B“保持健康”看似符合常识，但文中未提

及，选B。

3、Theauthor'stonetowardsthetopiccanmostprobablybedescribedas.

A、concerned

B、optimistic

Cxcritical

D^sarcastic

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文虽然没有出现过表明作者态度的词语和句子，但通过引述他人的

话语以及引用数据等方式，表明了作者对于该现象及其解决办法是关心、关切的，

故选A。作者并未明确谴责哪一方，排除C：第4、5段表明由于资金短缺很难预

测问题的解决，故B不选；文章最后提到两个学生调侃学校泳池，但这不是全文

的基调，D也不选。

4、Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybethecauseofemptyschoolpools?

标准答案：Shortageoffinance.

知识点解析：第4段提到，市长教育计划……最后能否兑现很难预测，因为来源于

国家的那部分资金很难得到保证，因此答案为Shortageoffinance。

5、WhatdocsAdamKcrzncrimplybysaying"Theseniorswouldalwaystellthe

freshmentheycouldgofindthepoolonthefifthfloor"?

标准答案：TheseniorsaresatirizingtheschooPslackofapool.

知识点解析：该句字面意思是“高年级学生总是告诉新生可以去5楼的游泳池游

泳”，下文紧接着指出，实际上该学校当时根本没有5楼c高年级学生是在以玩笑

的方式讽刺学校没有泳池这一糟糕的现象，所以答案可表述为Theseniorsare

satirizingtheschooPslackofapool。

(1)Aswehurtletowardsmenewmillennium,whatisthebettersymboloftherelentless

passageoftimethanmeancientsundial?Sundialscomeinmanyforms,buthorizontal

onesarcbyfarthemostcommon.Usuallysetonapedestal,theyconsistofaflatdial

faceandagnomon一theslantingpieceofmetalthatcaststheshadow.Believeitornot,

interestinsundialsisincreasinginthewest.AquickglanceartheInternetreveals

burgeoningsundialsocietiesallovermeworldforthescientificallyinclinedandeven

detailedsundialtrialsforthosewhowanttocheckoutmedialsingardensintheUnited

States,FranceorBritain.Thisistimetravelwithadifference.(2)Quotesormottoeshave

traditionallybeeninscribedonsundialstopromotereflectionandthought,andthese

sayingsarerepeatedonthemodemversionsoftheoldtimepiece.Thephilosophical

sayingsaddtotheimageofthetimelessnessofsundials,butarealsoremindersinthe

greatpoetictraditionsofthetransientnatureofhumanlife.(3)"Timebeganinagarden"

isaquotationreferringtotheChristianBiblelegendoftheGardenofEdenwhere,

Christianbeliefsays,humanlifebeganatthedawnofCreation,andfromhavingbeen

eternal,humansbecamesubjecttothedecayoftime.(4)"Iamashadow.Soareyou"

remindstheobserverthatapassinglifecanbeasswiftandtransitoiyastheshadowthat

driftsoverthefaceofasundial,whiletheenigmatic"Imaketime一Dostthou?"playson

thedoublemeaningoftheEnglishwordsformarkingorkeepingtime,likeaclock,and

markingtimebyfailingtomakeprogress.(5)Sundialshavelongbeenbeautifullycrafted

hutnowsomeinnovativeWesternSculptorsarecreatingdramaticnewvariationsonthe

theme,suchasaverticalorwalldialfromamoderncourtyardsetting.Boldcolorfulsun

designsorsimpleminimalistwallplaquesareavailable,andthereisevenawater

fountaindialwhere(hewaterjetreplaces(hegnomon(imger)asmarkeroftime.Clever

designsplayingwiththesunandresultingshadowformsalsousestarkhunksofrough-

hewnstone,takingusbacktothosepointersofold,oremployrefleclivematerialslike

glass.(6)Theearliestsundialsarerecordedinusearound300BC.Theycomefrom(he

stageinancienttimeswhenmenandwomenbegantousesimplesticksandmarkersto

showthetimeofdayastheshadowsprogressed.Suchdevicesgrewsteadilymore

complexuntilbyRomantimesnofewerthan12typesofsundialwererecorded,

includingasophisticatedportableversion.Morethanmeremarkersoftime,suchdials

servedforcenturiestoindicatemankind'sunderstandingofthecomplexitiesofthe

heavens.(7)Somewhercalongtheline,someonerealizedthataslantingobjectwouldcast

amoreaccurateshadowthanaverticaloneforthepurposesofkeepingtime.The

problemofseasonalchangeswasremovedbyplacingtheslartingobjectparalleltothe

Earth'saxis.Evenafterclocksandwatcheswereinvented,theirreliabilitywas

questionableandsundialsstillhadtobeusedtochecktheiraccuracy.(8)Buteventually,

asthe18thand19thcenturiesprogressed,andcoincidingwiththeeraof"picturesque"or

idealizedlandscapegardeninginBritainandEurope,sundialsbecamegardenornaments

firstandtimekeeperssecond.Theirvalueinthisareahasneverbeenquestioned,as

successfulgardensoftenrelyonsuchfocalpointsforimpact.(9)Withtheirinherent

dignityandimageofscientificordertriumphingoverchaos,sundialsprovidetheperfect

centerpieceforherbgardens,historicgardens,hospitals,schools,riversideschurches(set

in(hymeofcause),knotgardens,memorialgardens,cemeteriesandcivicgardens.

(lO)Armillarysundialsareespeciallyaestheticallypleasing,withtheircircularor

sphericalshapeandmakesuperbgardenornaments.Consistingofseveralrings,they

revolvedfromthecelestialglobesusedbyancientastronomerstoplotthepositionof(he

stars.(11)ThewordarmillarycomesfromtheLatinarmillaryabraceletorring.One

ringrepresentingtheequatorhasthehourswalkedonit,asecondstandsforthemeridian,

andathirdthehorizon.(12)Tlierodthroughthecentrerepresentingtheearth'saxisshows

thetimebycastingitsshadowontothehourtimesmarkedontheequatorialring.

(13)Suntimeisnotthesameaswatchtimebecauseitmeasurestimeasitis,notaswe

wouldlikeittobe,withnoontodayexactly24hoursawayfromnoontomorrow.Before

theworldbecameasmallplaceandpeopledidn'tmovearoundverymuch,localtimewas

aperfectlysatisfactorymeasurement.Butasmoderncommunicationandmeansoftravel

grewmoresophisticatedstandardtimezoneswereadopted.Asaresult,yoursundialwill

agreewithyourwatchonlyonfourdaysoftheyear,notbecauseitisinaccuratebut

becauseitismeasuringadifferentkindoftime.Adjustmentsfor"daylightsaving"time

throwyetanotherspokeinthewheel.There'sanewkindoftourforyou——timetravel.It

couldn'tcatchon.

6、Nowadays,thesundialispopularagainintheWestbecause.

A^manyquotesormottoespromotepeople'sreflectionoftheuseofsundials

B、sundialscanbeusedasatooltochecktheaccuracyofclocksandwatches

C、sundialcanbeaperfectornamentwithitsdignityandimageofscientificorder

D、manynationsin(heWestbegin(orelyonthesundialformakingthetime

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第1段倒数第4句提到，西方人对H轻的兴趣正与R俱增，阅读下文

可知，西方人把日居当作一种装饰；第9段提到，日皆有着内在的高贵气质，代表

着科学秩序的形象，故C正确。

7、Accordingtothepassage,armillarysundials.

A、consistsofatleastthreeringswithdifferentmeanings

B、cannotbeusedtomarkthelimeatthattime

C、arcusedpurelyasakindofgardenornaments

D、areakindofbraceletsrepresentingtheequator

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第10段提到armiHarysundial由severalrings组成，第11段指出

armillary一词原义为“手镯，环形物”，继而介绍了三个代表不同意义的环，因此可

推断armillary至少有三个环，故A正确。

8、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A^Accordingtothehistoricalrecord,peoplebegantousesundialsaround300BC.

B、Thequotesormottoesnowareinscribedonsundialstopromotethought.

C、Sundialsaresetonapedestal,consistingofadialfaceandapieceofmetal.

D、Sundialshavebeenbeautifullycraftedandmodifiedsinceitsexistence.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第2段首句的“促进思考与反省”，可知B表述不完整，故选B。

笫1段提到，H号通常安放在石台.匕由水平的辱面和轻针组成，C符合文意；第

5段提到，日展向来都是精心I#刻的，D符合文意；第6殁首句提到，人们最早使

用日号约在公元前300年，A符合文意。

9、What'stherelationshipbetweentheseventhandeighthparagraphs?

标准答案:Theeighthisthetransitionalresultoftheseventh.

知识点解析：第7段表明即使手表发明后，日展还是一种检验手表准确性的工具，

即日唇有检验校对功能：而由第8段首句的but后可知，之后日暮主要用作装饰，

其次才是校对工具，即第8段所述为第7段所讲情况变迁之后的结果，故答案可表

述为Theeighthisthetransitionalresultoftheseventh«

10、Whyissuntimedifferentfromwatchlime?

标准答案：Becamewatchtimemeasurestimeasit'swishedtobe.

知识点解析:最后一段首句指出,suntime有别于watchtime的原因在于suntime

测定真正的时间，而不按照人们的意愿来测定时间，由此推断watch是按人们的意

愿来测定时间的，所以答案可表述为Becausewatchtimcmcasurestimeasit'swished

tobe。

(l)Assomewhohaslivedwithoutacarforthepastthreeyears,Iamnofanoffreeways

orexpressways.Butforgivemeamomentofqualifiednostalgiafortwooverheadurban

highwaysthathavemettheirdemiseonoppositesidesofAmerica.(2)SanFranciscoand

nowBostonhavebroughtdownelevatedinner-cityexpressways,partandparcelofurban

revitalizationprogramsthathavetransformedtheseandmanyotherdowntownsoverthe

pasttwodecades.Tomymind,thesearegoodsteps.(3)Butthatdoesn'tmeanthereisn't

anythingnicetosayaboutthedepartedroadways.(4)Theywerealogicalextensionofthe

highwaysystemsthatattempted,inpari,tokeepthecountry'spost-WorldWarII

suburbansprawlanditsoldercitiessomehowconnected.(5)Thosehighwaysprovided

roomtoroamaftertheywerebeyondthecitylimits.Butupagainstthedenserurban

landscapes,thedesignersoftenhadtoresorttotunnelingortakingtotheairwith

roadwaysonstilts.(6)TheerasureofanoverheadhighwayinSanFranciscoandnowin

Bostonamountstostunningreclamationsofnow-prizedrealestateineachcity.(7)InSan

Francisco,anelevatedfreewaythatwrappedalongthecity'seasternedgeseparatedthe

downtownbusinessdistrictfromitswaterfront.Foracityfedbyoceancommerce,it

struckmanyasatravesty.(8)Today,anenormouspublicspaceofbenches,sculptures,

charmingold-worldtrolleycars,andstallsofproduceandcraftshasreplacedthe

freeway.(9)lnBoston,astheBigDigwindsdownandtheRoseKennedyGreenway

beginstotakeshape,fewvestigesarenowleftoftheoldexpresswaythatonceseparated

thecity'sfinancialdistrictfromoneoftheoldestethnicneighborhoodsinthenation:the

ItalianNorthEnd.(10)Asaninhabitantofeachcityformanyyears,Iwouldn'twantto

turnbacktheclock.ButIwouldliketopauseforamomentandadmitacertainnostalgia

forthesepastchaptersineachcity'sadmirablehistory.(1l)ThcNorthEndisoneof

Boston'smostinterestingneighborhoods.ItwasbuiltonEuropeanscale.Thebrick

buildingslinenarrowstreets,manyofwhichhavetroubleaccommodatingmorethanone

caratatime.Intheearlymorning,(hecafesarepopulatedbyoldermenspeaking

exclusivelyinItalian—withbothhandsandmouth.(12)TogettotheNorthEnd,you

usedtohavetotakea(wisledandlitteredpathbeneath(heexpressway.Partofthe

journeywastofeellost.(13)Bu(fbrthosewhopersistedinventuringbeneaththatdark

behemoth,theeventualemergenceintothequaintItalianneighborhoodhad(hequalityof

arevelation:Itwasanadventurefromdark,dirty,andlosttowarmandcharming.(14)1

willmissthatjourneyandhaveaslightlyqueasyfeelingaboutwhatmightbecomeofthe

NorthEndnowthatit'sstrippedofitsugly,butformidable,protectionfromthespit-and-

polisheddowntown.(15)InSanFrancisco,Ialsorecallthefreewaydayswithsome

fondness.Thewaterfront,havinglostmuchofitsoceancommercetoless-costly

Oakland,acrosstheSanFranciscoBay,hadalreadycreptintoastateofcharming

disrepairwhenthefreewaywasbuiltinthe1970s.(16)01dwoodenpiersreachedoutinto

thehay,anddiewaterfrontwaspopulatedbyauthenticallybedraggledtavernsand

seafoodjointsthatservedthedwindlingnumberofseafarersandlongshoremenwhostill

workedthewharf.(17)Butenoughnostalgia.(18)Eachcityiswritinganewchapter.

Spacehasreturnedtothepeople.Thatisgood,evenifmeshadowsfromthoseugly

overheadroadwayscreatedacertainsenseofurbangritmathaditsownshadesofappeal.

11、WhichwordcanNOTbeusedasanadjectivetodescribeanoverheadhighway?

A、Ugly.

B、Protective.

C、Elevated.

D、Modem.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D虽与常识相符，但文中并未提及，故选D。由第14和最后一段可

知，过去的高架公路是丑陋的(ugly),具有保护功能的(protective),第2段和第7

段也两次提到过去的高架公路是耸立的(elevated),即A、B、C均符合文意，可排

除.

12、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassageallthefollowingEXCEPT.

A^theauthorhadlivedinBostonandSanFranciscoformanyyears

B、theauthordeniesmegoodpointsofthedepartedoverheadhighways

C、theauthorrecallsmeoverheadhighwayswithafeelingofnostalgia

D、theoverheadhighwayshavemadetheircontributiontothecity'stransmission

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第3段表明，以往的高架公路有其可取之处(…doesiftmeanthereisn”

anythingnice...),B与文意相反,故为答案。由第10段的Asaninhabitantof

eachcityformanyyears,…可知作者在这两个城市居住了很多年,即A；首段即表

明怀念之意(…fbrgivemeamomentofqualifiednostalgiafbr.•.),即C；第2段

表明高架公路刈城市发展起了一定的作用(…havetransformed.即D,因此

排除A、C、Do

13、Fromthedescriptioninthepassage,welearnthat.

A、theauthordoesn'tseeanyculturalmeaninginthedepartedroadways

B、freewaysarenotbroadenoughtoaccommodatecars

C、theauthorisfondoffreeways

D^(hefreewaysdisconnectedtheoldcities

标准答案：B

知识点解析：B“路不够宽，不能容纳车辆”与第11段第2句的…havetrouble

accommodating...car相符，故选13。A与第10段末句的admit...eachcity^

admirablehistory不符；C与文章首句的Iamnofanoffreeways...不符；D与文

中的keep...itsoldercitiessomehowconnected故排除A、C>Do

14、Whatrhetoricaldeviceisemployedinthesentence"Eachcityiswritinganew

chapter"(lastparagraph)?

标港答案：Personification.

知识点解析：题目所引的句子意为“每个城市正在书写新的篇章”，谓语动词用了人

类才有的动作——“书写”，即把城市看作人，因此用的是拟人手法，答案为

Personification.,

15、Whal'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheerasureofexpressways?

标准答案：Theauthorispositiveabouttheerasureofexpressways.

知识点解析：笫2段讲到旧金山和波士顿拆掉了市内高架高速公路，段末作者表明

自己认为这些是好的措施(Tomymind,thesearegoodsteps)；第10段首句，作者明

确表示不想回到过去的那种城市面貌(Iwouldn'twanttoturnbacktheclock)o综合起

来，不难知道作者对拆除底架公路促进城市进一步发展是持肯定态度的，所以答案

为Theauthorispositiveabout(heerasureofexpressways

(l)Doyoueverfeelasthoughyouspendallyourtimeinmeetings?(2)HenryMintzberg,

inhisbookTheNatureofManagerialWork,foundthatinlargeorganizationsmanagers

spent22percentoftheirtimeattheirdesk,6percentonthetelephone,3percenton

otheractivities,butawhopping69percentinmeetings.(3)Thcrcisawidely-heldbut

mistakenbeliefthatmeetingsarefor"solvingproblems"and"makingdecisions.'*Fora

start,thenumberofpeopleattendingameetingtendstobeinverselyproportionaltotheir

collectiveabilitytoreachconclusionsandmakedecisions.Andthesearetheleast

importantelements.(4)Insteadhoursaredevotedtosideissues,playingelaborategames

withoneanother.Itseems,therefore,(hatmeetingsservesomepurposeother(hanjust

makingdecisions.(5)A11meetingshaveonethingincommon:role-playing.Themost

formalroleisthatofchairman.Hesetstheagenda,andagoodchairmanwillkeepthe

meetingrunningontimeandtothepoint.Sadly,theother,informal,role-playersare

oftenabletogaintheupperhand.Chiefisthe"constanttalker",whojustlovestohearhis

orherownvoice.(6)Thentherearethe"can'tdo"typeswhowanttomaintainthestatus

quo.Sincetheyhaveoftenbeenintheorganizationforalongtime,theyfrequentlyquote

historicalexperienceasanexcusetoblockchange:"1(won'twork,wetried(hatlastyear

anditwasadisaster."Amoresubtleversionofthe"can'tdo"type,the"yes,but...,"has

emergedrecently.Theyhavelearntabouttheneedtosoundpositive,buttheystillcan't

beartohavethingschange.(7)Anotherwholesub-setofcharactersarcpeoplewholove

meetingsandwantthemtocontinueuntil5:30pmorbeyond.Irrelevantissuesaretheir

speciality.Theyneedtocallorattendmeetings,eithertoavoidwork,ortojustifytheir

lackofperformance,orsimplybecausetheydonothaveenoughtodo.(8)Thenthereare

(he"counter-dependents",ihosewhousuallydisagreewitheverythingthatissaid,

particularlyifitcomesfrom(hechairmanorthroughconsensusfrom(hegroup.These

peopleneedtofightauthorityinwhateverform.(9)Mee(ingscanalsoprovideattenders

withasenseofidentificationof(heirstatusandpower.In(hiscase,managersarrange

meetingsasameansofcommunicatingtootherstheboundariesoftheirexclusiveclub:

wh