2026年博士笔试英语试题及答案

2026年博士笔试英语试题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________一、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwritingbecauseitobscuresthesubjectperformingtheaction.（×）2.Theterm"etymology"referstothestudyoftheoriginofwordsandtheirhistoricaldevelopment.（√）3.Informalacademicessays,theuseofcontractions(e.g.,"don't")isgenerallydiscouraged.（√）4.Thesubjunctivemoodiscommonlyusedtoexpresshypotheticalorunrealsituations.（√）5.Thearticle"the"isconsideredaninvariabledeterminerinEnglish.（√）6.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastaction.（√）7.Theterm"colloquialism"referstoformallanguageusedineverydayspeech.（×）8.ThesubjunctivemoodisrarelyusedinmodernEnglish,exceptinspecificcontexts.（√）9.Thepassivevoiceispreferredinscientificwritingtoemphasizetheobjectoftheaction.（√）10.Theterm"paradigm"isoftenusedinacademicdiscoursetodescribeafundamentalmodelorframework.（√）二、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepresentperfecttense?A.Ihavewrittenaletteryesterday.B.Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytomorrow.C.Theyhavebeenstudyingforthreehours.D.Hewasbornin1995.（C）2.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusingthepassivevoiceinacademicwriting?A.Tohidetheauthor'sidentity.B.Toemphasizetheagentperformingtheaction.C.Toshiftfocusfromthesubjecttotheobject.D.Tomakethesentencemoreconcise.（C）3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisanexampleofaprefix?A."unhappy"B."re"C."happy"D."ly"（B）4.Theterm"jargon"refersto:A.Formallanguageusedinacademicwriting.B.Technicaltermsspecifictoafield.C.Informallanguageusedincasualconversations.D.Theuseofcomplexwordstoconfusereaders.（B）5.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofagerund?A."running"B."run"C."runs"D."ran"（A）6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinwhichofthefollowingsentences?A."IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer."B."Sheisadoctor."C."Hehaseatendinner."D."Theyareplayingfootball."（A）7.Thearticle"a"isusedbefore:A.Singularcountablenouns.B.Pluralcountablenouns.C.Uncountablenouns.D.Bothsingularandpluralnouns.（A）8.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepastperfecttense?A.Hehadwrittenaletterwhenshearrived.B.Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytomorrow.C.Theyarestudyingnow.D.Hewasbornin1995.（A）9.Theterm"idiom"refersto:A.Aformalexpressionusedinacademicwriting.B.Aphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromtheindividualwords.C.Awordthatisoftenmisused.D.Atechnicalterminaspecificfield.（B）10.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanadverb?A."quickly"B."quick"C."quickness"D."quicklyness"（A）三、多选题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecommonusesofthepassivevoiceinacademicwriting?A.Toemphasizetheobjectoftheaction.B.Toavoidnamingtheagent.C.Tomakethesentencemoreconcise.D.Tohighlightthesubjectperformingtheaction.（A,B）2.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofsuffixes?A."-able"B."-ly"C."-ness"D."-ing"（A,B,C,D）3.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinwhichofthefollowingcontexts?A.Toexpresswishes.B.Tomakesuggestions.C.Todescribefactualstatements.D.Toexpresshypotheticalsituations.（A,B,D）4.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofcountablenouns?A."books"B."water"C."chairs"D."information"（A,C）5.Thearticle"the"isusedbefore:A.Singularcountablenouns.B.Pluralcountablenouns.C.Uncountablenounswhenspecific.D.Abstractnouns.（C,D）6.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofgerunds?A."reading"B."toread"C."read"D."readingly"（A）7.Thepastperfecttenseisusedinwhichofthefollowingcontexts?A.Todescribeanactioncompletedbeforeanotherpastaction.B.Todescribeanactionthatwasongoinginthepast.C.Todescribeafutureaction.D.Todescribeapresentaction.（A）8.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofadverbs?A."very"B."quickly"C."quick"D."quicklyness"（A,B）9.Theterm"colloquialism"refersto:A.Formallanguageusedinacademicwriting.B.Informallanguageusedineverydayspeech.C.Awordthatisoftenmisused.D.Atechnicalterminaspecificfield.（B）10.Whichofthefollowingarecommongrammaticalerrorsinacademicwriting?A.Subject-verbagreementerrors.B.Incorrectuseofarticles.C.Overuseofpassivevoice.D.Properuseoftenses.（A,B,C）四、简答题（总共4题，每题4分，总分16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepresenttense.Answer:Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthathaverelevancetothepresent,oftenemphasizingtheresultorexperience.Forexample,"IhavetraveledtoEurope."Thesimplepresenttenseisusedtodescribehabitualactionsorgeneraltruths.Forexample,"ItraveltoEuropeeverysummer."2.Whatisthepurposeofusingthepassivevoiceinacademicwriting?Answer:Thepassivevoiceisusedtoshiftfocusfromthesubjecttotheobject,oftentoemphasizetheactionortheresultratherthantheagentperformingtheaction.Itisalsousedwhentheagentisunknownorirrelevant.Forexample,"Theexperimentwasconductedlastweek."3.Definetheterm"etymology"andprovideanexample.Answer:Etymologyisthestudyoftheoriginofwordsandtheirhistoricaldevelopment.Forexample,theword"déjàvu"comesfromFrench,where"déjà"means"already"and"vu"means"seen."4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenaprefixandasuffix?Answer:Aprefixisawordoraffixaddedtothebeginningofarootwordtomodifyitsmeaning.Forexample,"un-"in"unhappy."Asuffixisawordoraffixaddedtotheendofarootwordtomodifyitsmeaning.Forexample,"-ness"in"happiness."五、应用题（总共4题，每题6分，总分24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentlastweek."Answer:"Theexperimentwasconductedbytheresearcherslastweek."2.Transformthefollowingsentenceintothesubjunctivemood:"IfIwereadoctor,Iwouldhelppeople."Answer:"IfIwereadoctor,Iwouldhelppeople."(Thesentenceisalreadyinthesubjunctivemood.)3.Identifytheprefix,root,andsuffixintheword"unpredictability."Answer:Prefix:"un-"Root:"predict"Suffix:"-ability"4.Correctthefollowingsentenceforsubject-verbagreement:"Shewriteabookeveryyear."Answer:"Shewritesabookeveryyear."【标准答案及解析】一、判断题1.×(Thepassivevoicecanbeusefulinacademicwritingtoemphasizetheactionorobjectratherthanthesubject.)2.√3.√4.√5.√6.√7.×(Colloquialismreferstoinformallanguageusedineverydayspeech.)8.√9.√10.√二、单选题1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.A7.A8.A9.B10.A三、多选题1.A,B2.A,B,C,D3.A,B,D4.A,C5.C,D6.A7.A8.A,B9.B10.A,B,C四、简答题1.Answer:Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthathaverelevancetothepresent,oftenemphasizingtheresultorexperience.Forexample,"IhavetraveledtoEurope."Thesimplepresenttenseisusedtodescribehabitualactionsorgeneraltruths.Forexample,"ItraveltoEuropeeverysummer."Scoring:4pointsforaclearexplanationofbothtensesandanexampleforeach.2.Answer:Thepassivevoiceisusedtoshiftfocusfromthesubjecttotheobject,oftentoemphasizetheactionortheresultratherthantheagentperformingtheaction.Itisalsousedwhentheagentisunknownorirrelevant.Forexample,"Theexperimentwasconductedlastweek."Scoring:4pointsforaclearexplanationofthepurposeandanexample.3.Answer:Etymologyisthestudyoftheoriginofwordsandtheirhistoricaldevelopment.Forexample,theword"déjàvu"comesfromFrench,where"déjà"means"already"and"vu"means"seen."