重庆部分学校2025-2026学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1重庆部分学校2025-2026学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteertourism,whichcombinestravelwithcommunityservice,hasgrowninpopularityamongglobaltravelersseekingmeaningfulexperiences.TheTelegraphrecentlyfeaturedthreeshort-termvolunteerprogramsfocusedonculturalheritagepreservationidealforthosewantingtocontributewhileexploringnewdestinations.Herearekeydetails:ProgramNameLocationDuration&ScheduleCoreDutiesProgramFee(perperson)TempleRestorationProjectLuangPrabang,Laos2weeks(Mon-Fri:8:30-11:30,14:00-17:00)Assistwithminortemplerepairs;documentancientmurals$650IndigenousCraftRevivalOaxaca,Mexico3weeks(Tue-Sat:9:00-16:00,breaksincluded)Teachbasicdigitalskills;helprecordcrafttechniques$820OralHistoryCollectionKyoto,Japan1week(Wed-Mon:10:00-18:00,1dayoff)Translateinterviews;organizetraditionalstoryarchives$580AdditionalInformation:Accommodation:Allprogramsincludestayswithlocalfamilies(2-3volunteersperhousehold),providingculturalimmersion.Inclusions:Programfeescoveraccommodation,dailymeals,andlocaltransportationduringworkhours.Flightsandtravelinsuranceareexcluded.Requirements:Noprofessionalskillsneeded,butbasicconversationalEnglishisrequired.Apassionforculturalpreservationisessential.ApplicationDeadline:For2025summerprograms,applicationsmustbesubmittedbyMarch31,2025.SuccessfulapplicantswillbenotifiedbyApril15.Thisselectionaimstohighlightprogramsthatprioritize“responsibleengagementratherthanone-sidedassistance,”asnotedbyTheTelegraph’straveleditor.Eachprojectisco-designedwithlocalcommunitiestoensurelong-termbenefits.1.HowmanyhoursdoesavolunteerworkperweekintheTempleRestorationProject?A.20hours. B.25hours. C.30hours. D.35hours.2.Whatisamustforthoseapplyingforthevolunteerprograms?A.FluentEnglishforformalinterviews.B.Previousvolunteerexperienceintravel.C.Professionalskillsinculturalpreservation.D.Astronginterestinprotectingculturalheritage.3.Whatdothethreeprogramshaveincommon?A.TheyarelocatedinAsiancountries.B.Theircoredutyistotranslateinterviews.C.Theirprogramfeesincludeflightsandinsurance.D.Theyaredevelopedincooperationwithlocalcommunities.【答案】1.C2.D3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，介绍了《每日电讯报》推荐的三个聚焦文化遗产保护的短期志愿项目，涵盖项目的地点、时长、核心职责、费用等关键信息及附加说明。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中TempleRestorationProject对应的Duration&Schedule部分“2weeks(Mon-Fri:8:30-11:30,14:00-17:00)(2周，周一至周五：8:30-11:30，14:00-17:00)”，每天工作时长为(11:30-8:30)+(17:00-14:00)=3+3=6小时，每周工作5天，每周工作时长为6×5=30小时。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“Apassionforculturalpreservationisessential.(对文化保护的热情是必不可少的)”可知，申请这些志愿项目必须对保护文化遗产有浓厚兴趣。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Eachprojectisco-designedwithlocalcommunitiestoensurelong-termbenefits.(每个项目都是与当地社区共同设计的，以确保长期效益)”可知，这三个项目的共同点是与当地社区合作开发。故选D。BManyyearsago,mydadwasfacingaseriousheartcondition.Hewasunabletodoasteadyjob.Hesuddenlyfellillandhadtobeadmittedtothehospital.Hewantedtodosomethingtokeephimselfbusy,sohedecidedtovolunteeratthelocalchildren’shospital.Mydadlovedkids.Itwasaperfectjobforhim.Heendedupworkingwiththeseriouslyillchildren.Hewouldtalk,play,anddoartswiththem.Oneofhiskidswasagirlwithararediseasethatparalyzed(使瘫痪)herfromtheneckdown.Shecouldn’tdoanything,andshewasverydepressed.Mydaddecidedtotrytohelpher.Hestartedvisitingherinherroom,bringingpaints,brushesandpaper.Hestoodthepaperup,putthepaintbrushinhismouthandbegantopaint.Hedidn’tusehishandsatall.Allthewhilehewouldtellher,“See,youcandoanythingyousetyourmindto.”Attheendoftheday,shebegantopaintusinghermouth,andsheandmydadbecamefriends.Soonafter,thelittlegirlwassenthomebecausethedoctorsfelttherewasnothingelsetheycoulddoforher.Mydadalsoleftthechildren’shospitalforalittlewhilebecausehebecameill.Sometimelateraftermydadhadrecoveredandreturnedtowork,incamethelittlegirlwhohadbeenparalyzedandonlythistimeshewaswalking.Sheranstraightovertomydadandhuggedhimreallytight.Shegavehimapictureshehaddoneusingherhands.Atthebottomitread:“Thankyouforhelpingmewalk.”Mydadwouldcry,everytimehetoldusthisstoryandsowouldwe.Hewouldsaysometimesloveismorepowerfulthandoctors,andmydad—whodiedjustafewmonthsafterthelittlegirlgavehimthepicture—lovedeverysinglechildinthathospital.4.Whydidtheauthor’sfatherworkatthelocalchildren’shospital?A.Tomakehisseriousheartconditionlessserious. B.Tokeephimselfoccupiedandpleased.C.Torealizehischildhooddream. D.Toearnmoneytopayfortreatment.5.Howdidtheauthor’sfatherhelptheparalyzedgirl?A.Hehelpedherpracticewalking. B.Hevisitedherandmadeatoyforher.C.Heshowedherthatshecouldstilldothings. D.Hepaintedspecialpicturesforher.6.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheparalyzedgirlaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Sheeventuallybecameauniquepainter.B.Shewassenthomeandneverseenagain.C.Shegraduallyrecoveredandwalked.D.Shesenttheauthor’sdadapicturepaintedwithhermouth.7.Whatmessagedoesthepassagemainlyconvey?A.It’sbettertogivethantoreceive. B.Asickpersonshouldnotfocusonhisdisease.C.Volunteeringisaworthwhilethingtodo. D.Lovecansometimesbringgreatresults.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲在身患重病的情况下，选择到当地儿童医院做志愿者，帮助一个瘫痪的小女孩重新振作并最终恢复行走能力的故事，体现了爱的力量。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hewantedtodosomethingtokeephimselfbusy,sohedecidedtovolunteeratthelocalchildren’shospital.(他想做点什么让自己忙起来，所以他决定在当地儿童医院做志愿者。)”可知，作者的父亲在当地儿童医院工作是为了让自己有事可做，保持忙碌和愉悦。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hestoodthepaperup,putthepaintbrushinhismouthandbegantopaint.Hedidn’tusehishandsatall.Allthewhilehewouldtellher,‘See,youcandoanythingyousetyourmindto.’Attheendoftheday,shebegantopaintusinghermouth,andsheandmydadbecamefriends.(他把纸竖起来，把画笔放进嘴里，开始画画。他根本不用手。他一直对她说：‘看，你可以做任何你下定决心要做的事。’那天结束时，她开始用嘴画画，她和我爸爸成了朋友。)”可知，作者的父亲通过自己不用手画画，向小女孩展示了她仍然可以做很多事情，从而帮助她。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Sometimelateraftermydadhadrecoveredandreturnedtowork,incamethelittlegirlwhohadbeenparalyzedandonlythistimeshewaswalking.Sheranstraightovertomydadandhuggedhimreallytight.Shegavehimapictureshehaddoneusingherhands.(一段时间后，我爸爸康复、回来工作后，那个瘫痪的小女孩进来了，只是这次她在走路。她径直跑到我爸爸身边，紧紧地拥抱了他。她给了他一张她用手画的画。)”可知，瘫痪的小女孩逐渐康复并能够走路了。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hewouldsaysometimesloveismorepowerfulthandoctors,andmydad—whodiedjustafewmonthsafterthelittlegirlgavehimthepicture—lovedeverysinglechildinthathospital.(他会说，有时候爱比医生更有力量，我爸爸——在小女孩给他那张画的几个月后就去世了——爱着医院里的每一个孩子。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者的父亲用爱帮助一个瘫痪的小女孩重新振作并最终恢复行走能力的故事，体现了爱的力量，即爱有时能带来巨大的成果。故选D项。CScientistshavedevelopedavirtualbrainnetworkthatcanpredictthebehaviorofindividualneurons(神经元)inalivingbrain.Thismodelisbasedonthevisualsystemofafruitfly,allowingscientiststoquicklytestideasonacomputerbeforeconductingtime-consumingexperimentswithactualfliesorotherlabanimals.SriniTuraga,agroupleaderattheJaneliaResearchCampus,partoftheHowardHughesMedicalInstitute(HHMI),explained,“Now,wecanbeginwithanassumptionabouthowthefruitflybrainmightfunctionbeforetakingexperimentalmeasurements.”PublishedinthejournalNature,thisresearchalsosuggeststhatenergy-intensiveartificialintelligence(AI)systemscouldconsumesignificantlylesspowerbyadoptingcomputationalstrategiesfoundinlivingbrains.Thefruitflybrain,withonlyaround100,000neurons,is“smallandenergy-efficient”,accordingtostudyco-authorJakobMacke,aprofessorattheUniversityofTübingen.Despiteitssize,thefruitflycanperformarangeofcomplextasks,includingflying,walking,detectingpredators(捕食者),andmating.Incontrast,modernAIsystemsoftenrelyoncomputerswithbillionsoftransistors(晶体管)andconsumeasmuchenergyasasmallcountry.BenCowley,acomputationalneuroscientistatColdSpringHarborLaboratory,believesthatborrowingcomputationalmethodsfromthefruitflybraincouldmakeAIsystemsmorepower-efficient.Thisvirtualbrainnetworkwasmadepossiblebymorethanadecadeofresearchonthestructureofthefruitflybrain,largelysupportedbyHHMI.Usingdetailedmapsofthebrain’sneuronsandconnections,theresearchteamcreatedamodelimitatingthefruitfly’svisualsystem.Thevirtualnetwork,composedof64typesofneurons,analyzedvideoclipsofdifferenttypesofmovement,andanAIsystemwasusedtostudytheneuronresponses.Thismodelaccuratelypredictedtheactivityofneuronsinboththevirtualandrealfruitflybrains,offeringavaluabletoolforbothneuroscienceandAIresearch.Futureversionsofthemodelcouldextendbeyondthevisualsystemtoincludemorecomplextasks.8.Whatisthebasisofthevirtualbrainnetworkmodel?A.Thehumannervoussystem. B.Thefruitfly’svisualsystem.C.Labanimal’sbehavior. D.AnadvancedAIsystem.9.Whyisthefruitflybraindescribedasenergy-efficient?A.Itcontrolsvisualprocesses. B.Itusesbillionsoftransistors.C.Itfunctionswithoutconsumingenergy. D.Itperformscomplextaskswithfewerneurons.10.WhatcanAIlearnfromthefruitflybrain?A.IncreasingAIenergyconsumption. B.PredictingAIresponses.C.MakingAIsystemsmoreefficient. D.ImprovingAIaccuracy.11.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofthemodel?A.Itmaybeexpandedtoadditionaltasks. B.Itwillrequiremoreenergytooperate.C.Itwillbelimitedtovisualtasks. D.Itwillreplaceactualfruitflyinresearchsettings.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家基于果蝇的视觉系统开发了一个虚拟脑网络模型，该模型能够预测活体大脑中单个神经元的行为。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thismodelisbasedonthevisualsystemofafruitfly,allowingscientiststoquicklytestideasonacomputerbeforeconductingtime-consumingexperimentswithactualfliesorotherlabanimals.(该模型以果蝇的视觉系统为基础，使科学家能够在计算机上快速测试想法，而无需在真实的果蝇或其他实验动物身上进行耗时的实验。)”可知，虚拟脑网络模型的基础是果蝇的视觉系统。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thefruitflybrain,withonlyaround100,000neurons,is“smallandenergy-efficient”,accordingtostudyco-authorJakobMacke,aprofessorattheUniversityofTübingen.Despiteitssize,thefruitflycanperformarangeofcomplextasks,includingflying,walking,detectingpredators(捕食者),andmating.(根据研究合著者、Tübingen大学教授JakobMacke的说法，果蝇的大脑虽然只有大约10万个神经元，但“小巧且节能”。尽管体积小，但果蝇能够执行一系列复杂的任务，包括飞行、行走、探测捕食者以及交配。)”可知，果蝇的大脑被描述为节能是因为它用更少的神经元完成复杂的任务。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“BenCowley,acomputationalneuroscientistatColdSpringHarborLaboratory,believesthatborrowingcomputationalmethodsfromthefruitflybraincouldmakeAIsystemsmorepower-efficient.(ColdSpringHarborLaboratory的计算神经科学家BenCowley认为，借鉴果蝇大脑的计算方法可以使人工智能系统更高效。)”可知，人工智能通过从果蝇大脑中学习而变得更高效，故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Futureversionsofthemodelcouldextendbeyondthevisualsystemtoincludemorecomplextasks.(该模型的未来版本可以扩展到视觉系统之外，包括更复杂的任务。)”可知，该模型未来可能会被扩展到其他任务中。故选A。DTherearebetween6and8basichumanemotions,orsomosttheoriessuggest.PsychologistPaulEkmanlistsjoy,sadness,anger,fear,disgust,andsurprise,whilepsychologistRobertPlutchikaddstrustandanticipationtothemix.Thesebasicemotionscanbecombinedinmultipleways–forexample,fearplusjoy,thecombinationoftwocontrastingemotions,createsexcitement.Considerthefeelingofwaitinginlineforarollercoasterride:yourheartraceswithbothfearandjoy.Emotionscanmixorcontrastmuchlikecoloursinart.Primarycolourssuchasred,yellow,andbluecombinetoformnewshadeslikeorange,green,orpurple.Whenthesemixfurther,wegetin-betweentonessuchasred-orangeoryellow-orange,oftengivenmorevividnameslikescarletoramber.In1962,Plutchikwentsofarastoarrangehiseightprimaryemotionsonawheel,inspiredbythecolourwheel,placingcontrastingemotionsoppositeeachother(joyoppositesadness;surpriseoppositeanticipation).Eachprimaryemotionhasthreelevelsofintensity.Joy,forinstance,canrangefromserenityatlowintensity,tojoy,andfinallytoecstasyatitspeak.Angercansimilarlyrangefrommildannoyance,throughangeritself,tofull-blownrage—theemotionalequivalentoffire-enginered.The‘spaces’betweenprimaryemotionsarefilledbymixturesoftwoemotions:joycombinedwithtrustproduceslove(muchlikeredandyellowmakeorange),whilefearandsurprisetogethercancreateawe.AlthoughPlutchik’s‘WheelofEmotions’maybesomewhatsimplistic,itunderscoresthatemotionsexistalongaspectrum(光谱),varyinintensity,andoftenoccurincomplexcombinationsratherthanasisolatedstates.Justasanartistcarefullybringstogetherdifferentshadeswhencreatinganartwork,ourlives,too,areshapedbyemotionalcombinations.Byconsciouslyaddingmorepositiveemotions—likeserenity,acceptance,andinterest—wenotonlyincreaseourcapacityforjoy,optimism,andlove,butwecanalsosoftentheintensityofthelessfavourableemotionsthatweexperienceinlife.Emotionscanhijackourminds.Theyprepareusforaction,andtheyneighbourourperception.Buttheyalsorevealwhatmatterstousmost.[…]Thebasicemotions—anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surprise,andhappiness—areuniversal,recognisableacrossculturesandevenspecies.Theyareshort-lastingbutpowerful,automaticresponsesthathelpusdealwithoursocialworld.Butwealsodevelopcomplexemotionsthatmixthesebasicones.Andimportantly,wecanlearntorecognisethemicro-expressionsandtinyhintsonpeople’sfacestounderstandtheiremotionalstates.Thisisnotjustuseful—itcarriesmoralsignificance.Beingemotionallyliterateincreasesourcapacityforunderstanding,andpeacefulcoexistence.Emotionalawareness,then,isnotonlyaboutcontrolbutaboutconnection.—PaulEkman,EmotionsRevealed12.Whydoesthewritermentioncolourtheory?A.Toexplainhowartistsuseemotionintheirwork.B.ToillustratetheprinciplebehindtheWheelofEmotions.C.Toshowthatcolourscanexpressfeelingsbetterthanwords.D.Tocompareartisticandscientificwaysofunderstandingemotions.13.WhichstatementismostprobablytrueaccordingtoPlutchik’stheoryofemotions?A.Loveisoneofthemostimportantemotions.B.Oppositeemotionscanhardlyhappentogether.C.Acceptancecanbeamixtureofbasicemotions.D.Primaryemotionsoccuratafixedlevelofintensity.14.HowdoesthewritercommentonPlutchik’stheoryofemotions?A.Itfailstoconnectemotionswithreal-lifeexperiences.B.Itdownplaysemotionalcomplexitybutconveysakeyidea.C.Itprovidesadetailedandscientificexplanationofemotions.D.Itfocusesmoreonartisticimagerythanonemotionalreality.15.WhatdoesPaulEkmanmeanby“Emotionscanhijackourminds”?A.Emotionsarecreatedbyexternalevents.B.Emotionsareseparatefromourthoughts.C.Emotionscanmomentarilytakecontrolofus.D.Emotionscanbecontrolledthroughlogicalthinking.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕人类基本情绪的分类、组合及强度，结合理论与类比，强调情绪认知的意义。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Emotionscanmixorcontrastmuchlikecoloursinart.Primarycolourssuchasred,yellow,andbluecombinetoformnewshadeslikeorange,green,orpurple.Whenthesemixfurther,wegetin-betweentonessuchasred-orangeoryellow-orange,oftengivenmorevividnameslikescarletoramber.(情绪的混合或对比很像艺术中的色彩。红、黄、蓝等原色混合后会形成橙、绿、紫等新色调；这些色调进一步混合，会产生红橙、黄橙等中间色，它们通常有更生动的名称，如猩红或琥珀色。)”、第三段中“1962,Plutchikwentsofarastoarrangehiseightprimaryemotionsonawheel,inspiredbythecolourwheel,placingcontrastingemotionsoppositeeachother(joyoppositesadness;surpriseoppositeanticipation).Eachprimaryemotionhasthreelevelsofintensity.Joy,forinstance,canrangefromserenityatlowintensity,tojoy,andfinallytoecstasyatitspeak.Angercansimilarlyrangefrommildannoyance,throughangeritself,tofull-blownrage—theemotionalequivalentoffire-enginered.The‘spaces’betweenprimaryemotionsarefilledbymixturesoftwoemotions:joycombinedwithtrustproduceslove(muchlikeredandyellowmakeorange),whilefearandsurprisetogethercancreateawe.(1962年，受色轮启发，Plutchik甚至将他提出的八种基本情绪排列成一个轮盘，将对立情绪置于彼此对面（喜悦对应悲伤，惊讶对应期待）。每种基本情绪都有三个强度级别。例如，喜悦的强度范围从低强度的平静，到中等强度的喜悦，最终到高强度的狂喜；愤怒同理，可从轻微的烦躁，到中等程度的愤怒，再到完全爆发的暴怒——这相当于情绪中的消防车红色。基本情绪之间的“空白区域”由两种情绪的混合体填补：喜悦与信任结合产生爱（很像红色与黄色混合成橙色），而恐惧与惊讶结合则会产生敬畏。)”可知，作者提到色彩理论是为了说明情绪轮背后的原理。故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Eachprimaryemotionhasthreelevelsofintensity.(每种基本情绪都有三个强度级别。)”第四段中“Byconsciouslyaddingmorepositiveemotions—likeserenity,acceptance,andinterest—wenotonlyincreaseourcapacityforjoy,optimism,andlove,butwecanalsosoftentheintensityofthelessfavourableemotionsthatweexperienceinlife.(通过有意识地增加更多积极的情绪，比如宁静、接受和兴趣，我们不仅能增强快乐、乐观和爱的能力，还能减轻我们在生活中经历的不太有利的情绪的强度。)”可知，接纳属于积极情绪，而基本情绪可组合并形成不同强度的复杂情绪，因此接纳可能是基本情绪的混合体。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“AlthoughPlutchik’s‘WheelofEmotions’maybesomewhatsimplistic,itunderscoresthatemotionsexistalongaspectrum(光谱),varyinintensity,andoftenoccurincomplexcombinationsratherthanasisolatedstates.(虽然Plutchik的“情绪轮”可能有些简单，但它强调了情绪是沿着一个光谱存在的，强度不同，而且经常以复杂的组合出现，而不是孤立的状态。)”可知，作者认为该理论虽简化了情绪的复杂性，但传达了核心观点，即情绪存在于一个光谱中，强度不同，且常常以复杂的组合形式出现。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Emotionscanhijackourminds.Theyprepareusforaction,andtheyneighbourourperception.Buttheyalsorevealwhatmatterstousmost.(Emotionscanhijackourminds.它们让我们为行动做好准备，并且与我们的感知紧密相连。但它们也揭示了什么对我们最重要。)”可知，PaulEkman说的“Emotionscanhijackourminds”意思是情绪可以暂时控制我们，影响我们的行动和感知。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeoplehavefallenintothehabitofneglectingtoexpressgratitudetoothersandfailingtotakemomentstoappreciatetheinvisibleyetwonderfulaspectsoflife.____16____However,thereareseveraleffectivetipstohelpcultivateahabitofgratitude.Practicemindfulness.Itishighlybeneficialforexpressinggratitude,asitenablesindividualstofullyengagewithandappreciatethepresentmoment,accordingtoMichelleMaidenberg,atherapistinprivatepracticeinHarrison,NewYork,whoalsoteachesagraduatecourseinMindfulnessPracticeatNewYorkUniversity.____17____Keepagratitudejournal.____18____Theideaisthatyou’llgetinthehabitofnoticingthosethingsyouappreciatemoreregularlythroughoutthedayandmorefrequently.____19____Noticethethingsthatarearoundyouthatareimportanttoyouormeetyourvalues.Forexample,ifyoulovenature,takeaminutetoenjoywhenthesunisout.Giveback.Practicinggratitudecanalsobegivingbackthroughcharityworkandserviceforothers.Gratitudeisn’tjustaboutspeaking,it’sinthedoing.Oneexampleistolookforthegoodthatcancomeoutofacrisis,suchascollectingsuppliesforpeopleaffectedbyahurricane.Reframe.Reframingyourmindsetisapowerfulwaytobringmoregratitudeintoyourlife.____20____Forexample,insteadofsayingorthinking“Ihavetogotoworktoday,”reframeitas“Igettogotoworktodayandusemyskillsandtalents.”A.Sopracticingmindfulnesscanhelp.B.Writeathank-younotetosomeoneeveryweek.C.Takethetimetoappreciatewhatyoutrulyenjoy.D.Towardtheendofthedaywritedownyourdailygratitude.E.Andyoudothisbychangingthewayyouspeakorthewayyouthink.F.Avoiddiscussingnegativeexperiencestofocusonlyonpositivethings.G.Thislackofappreciationharmsrelationshipsandblockslife’ssmallpleasures.【答案】16.G17.A18.D19.C20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几个帮助培养感恩的习惯的方法。【16题详析】根据前文“Manypeoplehavefallenintothehabitofneglectingtoexpressgratitudetoothersandfailingtotakemomentstoappreciatetheinvisibleyetwonderfulaspectsoflife.(许多人已经养成了忽视向他人表达感激之情的习惯，也没有花时间去欣赏生活中那些看不见却又美好的方面)”以及后文“However,thereareseveraleffectivetipstohelpcultivateahabitofgratitude.(然而，有几个有效的建议可以帮助培养感恩的习惯)”可知，前文提出了一个生活中的缺点，后文介绍怎么解决，所以G项“Thislackofappreciationharmsrelationshipsandblockslife’ssmallpleasures.(这种缺乏感激会伤害人际关系，阻碍生活中的小快乐)”是对前文提出的缺点的后果，并引出下文，符合文意。故选G项。【17题详析】空处位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Practicemindfulness.Itishighlybeneficialforexpressinggratitude,asitenablesindividualstofullyengagewithandappreciatethepresentmoment,accordingtoMichelleMaidenberg,atherapistinprivatepracticeinHarrison,NewYork,whoalsoteachesagraduatecourseinMindfulnessPracticeatNewYorkUniversity.(练习正念。MichelleMaidenberg是纽约哈里森私人诊所的治疗师，她也在纽约大学教授正念练习的研究生课程，她认为，练习正念对表达感激非常有益，因为它能让个人充分投入并欣赏当下)”可知，A项“Sopracticingmindfulnesscanhelp.(所以练习正念是有帮助的)”符合本段主题，是对前文的总结，其中mindfulness为同词复现。故选A项。【18题详析】根据前文“Keepagratitudejournal.(写感恩日记)”可知，D项“Towardtheendofthedaywritedownyourdailygratitude.(在一天结束的时候写下你每天的感激之情)”是对前文的具体描述，符合文意。故选D项。【19题详析】设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Noticethethingsthatarearoundyouthatareimportanttoyouormeetyourvalues.Forexample,ifyoulovenature,takeaminutetoenjoywhenthesunisout.(注意你周围对你很重要或符合你价值观的事情。例如，如果你热爱大自然，那就在太阳出来的时候花一分钟享受一下)”可知，本段主要讲述欣赏自己喜欢的东西，所以C项“Takethetimetoappreciatewhatyoutrulyenjoy.(花点时间去欣赏你真正喜欢的东西)”符合本段主题。故选C项。【20题详析】根据前文“Reframe.Reframingyourmindsetisapowerfulwaytobringmoregratitudeintoyourlife.(重新定义。重塑你的心态是让你的生活更加感恩的有力方法)”以及后文“Forexample,insteadofsayingorthinking“Ihavetogotoworktoday,”reframeitas“Igettogotoworktodayandusemyskillsandtalents.”(例如，不要说或想“我今天必须去上班”，而要把它重新定义为“今天有幸去上班，使用我的技能和才能。”)”可知，前文讲述这种方法的好处，后文是具体举例，所以空处应是提出如何做到，所以E项“Andyoudothisbychangingthewayyouspeakorthewayyouthink.(你可以通过改变你说话或思考的方式来做到这一点)”承接上文，引出下文。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。InaremotevillageinZambia,whereroadsseemtostretchendlesslybeforereachingthenearesttown,aclassroomisfilledwiththeenergyofitsyounglearners.Thedesksarebasic,thebooksare___21___,andtheroomiscrowdedbeyondcapacity—butsomething___22___ishappeninghere.Andrew,a38-year-oldteacher,has___23___hisunder-resourcedandovercrowdedclassroom.StudentsinAndrew’sclasstravel5to15kilometerseachdaytoattendhislessons.Thedaily___24___reflectsthebroaderbarriersto___25___inZambia,whereover800,000primaryschool-agedchildrenareoutofschool.Andrew___26___toletthesebarrierslimitthepotentialofthe___27___younglearnerswhomakethedailyjourneytohisclassroom.Drawingfromlocalculture,he___28___traditionalgames—likeskippingrope.These___29___helpedchildrenunderstandnumbersanddevelopfoundationalskillsin____30____ways.Atthesametime,he____31____supportfromtheschooladministrationandfellowteachers,evenusinghisownfundstoobtainessentialteachingmaterials.____32____todevelopingasenseofprofessionalismand____33____amongteachers,AndrewandhiscolleaguesprintedT-shirtsdecoratedwith“Catch-UpProgramTeacher”.Itwasasmallbutpowerful____34____thatreinforcedtheiridentityasteachersdedicatedtotransforminglearningoutcomes.Oneofhisstudents____35____Andrew’simpactbest:“MymotheraskedmewhyIgotoschool.Ireplied,tobecomejustlikemyteacherwhenIgrowup.”21.A.inappropriate B.insufficient C.inexpensive D.incredible22.A.extraordinary B.shocking C.urgent D.amusing23.A.decorated B.equipped C.occupied D.transformed24.A.struggle B.exercise C.schedule D.choice25.A.transportation B.education C.communication D.accommodation26.A.managed B.tended C.refused D.threatened27.A.determined B.straightforward C.generous D.talented28.A.appreciated B.named C.included D.created29.A.beliefs B.missions C.instructions D.activities30.A.attractive B.complex C.typical D.abstract31.A.withdrew B.secured C.confirmed D.ignored32.A.Contrary B.Committed C.Sensitive D.Addicted33.A.humour B.justice C.pride D.relief34.A.lesson B.organization C.routine D.gesture35.A.gotover B.benefitedfrom C.summedup D.broughtabout【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.B33.C34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在赞比亚的一个偏远村庄，老师Andrew在教育资源匮乏、教室拥挤的条件下，致力于改变学生学习现状的感人事迹。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：课桌十分简单，书本数量不足，教室拥挤得远超容纳限度——但这里正发生着不同寻常的事。A.inappropriate不适当的；B.insufficient不足的；C.inexpensive便宜的；D.incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Thedesksarebasic”及下文“hisunder-resourcedandovercrowdedclassroom”可知，教学条件很差，书本数量不足。故选B。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.extraordinary非凡的；B.shocking令人震惊的；C.urgent紧急的；D.amusing有趣的。but说明前后形成转折，前面“Thedesksarebasic,thebooksare_____,andtheroomiscrowdedbeyondcapacity”说教育条件差，转折后说这里正发生不寻常的事，以引出后文故事。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：38岁的教师Andrew改造了这间资源匮乏、拥挤不堪的教室。A.decorated装饰；B.equipped配备；C.occupied占据；D.transformed改变。根据下文“he_______traditionalgames—likeskippingrope.”及“he_____supportfromtheschooladministrationandfellowteachers,evenusinghisownfundstoobtainessentialteachingmaterials”可知，Andrew通过自己的努力改变了这个资源匮乏、拥挤的教室。故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种日常的艰辛折射出赞比亚在接受教育上存在的更普遍障碍——该国超80万学龄儿童无法入学。A.struggle挣扎；B.exercise锻炼；C.schedule日程；D.choice选择。根据上文“StudentsinAndrew’sclasstravel5to15kilometerseachdaytoattendhislessons.(Andrew班的学生每天要走5到15公里去上课。)”可知，学生每天要长途跋涉上学，非常不易，体现了挣扎。故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.transportation交通；B.education教育；C.communication交流；D.accommodation住宿。根据下文“over800,000primaryschool-agedchildrenareoutofschool”可知，赞比亚有超过80万适龄儿童失学，这反映了赞比亚面临的教育障碍。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andrew拒绝让这些障碍限制那些每天步行来上课的、意志坚定的年轻学习者的潜力。A.managed管理；B.tended倾向；C.refused拒绝；D.threatened威胁。根据上文“Andrew,a38-year-oldteacher,has______hisunder-resourcedandovercrowdedclassroom.”和下文“teachersdedicatedtotransforminglearningoutcomes”可知，Andrew拒绝让这些障碍限制孩子的潜力，符合他积极改变的态度，refusedtodosth.“拒绝做某事”符合他积极作为的形象。故选C。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.determined坚定的；B.straightforward直接的；C.generous慷慨的；D.talented有天赋的。根据下文“younglearnerswhomakethedailyjourneytohisclassroom”可知，能每天坚持走很远路来上学的学生，是意志坚定的。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从当地文化中汲取灵感，在教学中纳入了跳绳这类传统游戏。A.appreciated欣赏；B.named命名；C.included包括；D.created创造。根据下文“helpedchildrenunderstandnumbersanddevelopfoundationalskills”可知，Andrew借鉴当地文化，在教学中加入了传统游戏，培养了孩子们的基本技能。故选C。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些活动帮助孩子们理解数字概念，并以生动有趣的方式培养基本技能。A.beliefs信仰；B.missions任务；C.instructions指示；D.activities活动。这里的These指代前文的“traditionalg