（课标专用）天津市2020高考英语二轮复习专题十四阅读理解课件.pptx

1、专题十四阅读理解,-2-,20152019年天津高考阅读理解考点统计,-3-,从20152019年天津高考英语阅读理解题的考点分布来看,命题重点主要在细节理解和推理判断上,也就是说,阅读理解重在考查考生对文章的具体细节的理解以及根据文章信息做出合理推断的能力。这就需要考生在阅读时要全神贯注,留意文中有用的信息,因为它们往往就是命题的来源。细节理解题的答案直接出自原文,推理判断题则是文章中某一事实所蕴含的深层含义,需要做出合乎逻辑的推理和判断才能正确答题。主旨大意、词义猜测以及作者的态度意图题不是每篇都有考查,所占比重较小。篇章结构题近五年天津高考没有涉及,其他省市高考题中已经出现。因此,在20

2、20年英语高考的备考方案中,细节理解和推理判断题必须一如既往地重视,主旨大意、态度意图和篇章结构题也不能轻视。,-4-,阅读理解文章选材非常广泛,记叙文、说明文、议论文和夹叙夹议的文章都有涉及。不同题材的文章的命题重点和阅读策略不尽相同,了解各类文章的阅读技巧和答题方法对于提高阅读理解得分率至关重要。记叙文一般比较容易理解,内容涵盖面很广,包括人物故事、个人经历、情感故事、人物传记、社会生活等很多方面。这类文章可以按照故事发生的时间顺序,或者人物的情感历程等篇章逻辑理清文章的大意。该类文章中出现细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测题的几率比较高,因此在阅读时既要注意细节描述,又要留心弦外之音。纯粹的议

3、论文较少,一般是夹叙夹议的文章,即结合具体事件阐明某一观点。这类文章往往会考查到写作目的和意图、作者的态度等推理判断性的题目。,-5-,说明文和应用文(以广告类的文章为主)一般行文逻辑很明显,基本上是分类或者分层次介绍的,它们的共同特点是注重细节的考查。例如2019年天津高考阅读理解的A篇是应用文,五个题目中四个是细节理解题。因此,考生在阅读这类文章时,务必要注意关键性的细节。,-6-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,细节理解题考查方向细节理解题考查的是考生对文中具体细节,包括词组、语段等的理解,它在高考阅读理解中占据了大约50%的比重,广泛地分布于记叙文、议论文、说明文和应

4、用文中,尤其是说明文和广告等应用文中。细节理解题的解题关键是明确题目考查的具体内容,然后从原文中找出答案的出处,在准确理解原文内容的基础上,分析四个选项,与原文内容最一致的选项为正确答案。,-7-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,经典例题(2018天津卷)FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭

5、火装置)systems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.,-8-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual

6、(手动的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedin

7、yourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:TakeyourroomkeyandID;closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.,-9-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,FireExtinguishersFireextinguisher

8、sarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.,-10-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,SmokeDetector

9、sAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.Donotcoverorblockyoursmoked

10、etectorinanyway.Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.,-11-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrain

11、teacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.,-12-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gath

12、eratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.,-13-,突破点一,突破点二,

13、突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking,-14-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿德莱德大学的火灾预防信息、火警、火灾操练、灭火器以及烟雾探测器的情况。36.思路点拨题干意思:预防火灾的专业人员

14、的主要职责是什么?根据第一段第二句“Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinklersystems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers.”可以判断C项正确。A项为学生提供兼职工作;B项带领学生到最近的出口;D项把老师培养成预防火灾的专业人员。这三项在原文中均未提及。答案:C,-15-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,37.思路点拨题干意思:自动火警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句“Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsyste

15、msconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.”可知B项正确。A项的pipes不包括在内,C项的两个都没包括在内,D项的firealarmpullstations不包括在内。答案:B,-16-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,38.思路点拨题干意思:在火灾演练中,学生们应该。根据第三部分中的两个黑点提示“TakeyourroomkeyandID;closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.”“Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusea

16、lift.”可知,这时学生们应该关上门马上离开,这与C项描述一致。A项“迅速跑向电梯”,与原文“不要用电梯(donotusealift)”相反。B项“在最近的出口集合”与“在宿舍楼外集合(Meetoutsideofyourresidencehall)”相反。D项“在宿舍楼里等候指令”与第三部分第三个黑点提示“离开宿舍楼在外面等候指令(Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforyourfurtherinstructions)相反。答案:C,-17-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,39.思路点拨题干意思:我们对于使用灭火器了解些什么?根据第

17、四部分最后一句“Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.”可知,A项正确。B项“不正确地使用灭火器会毁掉它们”与本部分第三句“Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.”不符。C项“不正确地使用灭火器会毁掉整栋公寓”和D项“没有指导人员在现场是禁止使用灭火器的”原文没提到。答案:A40.【推理判断题】D解析略。,-18-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,

18、突破点四,突破点五,推理判断题推理判断题旨在考查考生透过文章的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,属于深层理解题。推理判断包括细节推断、因果推断、文章来源和篇章结构推断等。考查方向1细节推断题细节推断题要求考生根据文章内容或者生活常识,推断出具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份和事件等。此类题目中常出现infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean等词。需要注意的是,推理判断题不能用文章原句作为答案。,-19-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,经典例题(2017全国卷)Minutesafterthelastmov

19、ieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheaters75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentin

20、preparationforthebuildingsend.,-20-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedap

21、propriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheaterslocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”,-

22、21-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwher

23、ethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.,-22-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,26.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.

24、D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.,-23-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院竞争而面临不得不关门,转手

25、出售的故事。26.思路点拨从文章倒数第二段的最后一句“Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.”可以判断要在原地建造一座购物中心,因此剧院应该被推倒。故C项正确。答案:C27.思路点拨从文章第二段第二句“Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byet

26、otheoldbuilding.”可以判断,观众对老剧院是依依不舍。teary-eyed“热泪盈眶的”。故B项正确。答案:B,-24-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,考查方向2因果推断题因果推断题要求考生根据已知的结果推测可能的原因,或者根据既定的原因推测可能的结果。因果推断题不是考查文章直接给出的明显的因果关系,它不是细节理解题。它需要考生通过全文或某个段落,在字里行间推断出题目设置的因果关系。因此,要准确把握文章的内容和作者表达的意图,切忌以个人观点或者个人想象主观臆断其中的因果关系。,-25-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,经典例题(2018全国卷

27、)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildrenslives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereportskey

28、findings,“theproportion(比例)whosaytheyhardlyeverreadforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”,-26-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoft

29、imespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcer

30、nsaboutincreasedscreentime.,-27-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchas

31、edforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.,-28-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,30.Whydomanyparent

32、slimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildrenshealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.,-29-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。调查发现,青少年儿童的读书兴趣大大减少,而且,出于对孩子眼睛保护的考虑,许多家长限制孩子们电子阅读的时间。作者建议家长们借此机会制定适合自己家庭的暑假阅读清单。思路点拨根据文章第五段最后一句中的“.mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincrease

33、dscreentime.”可知,许多家长限制孩子们电子阅读的时间,主要是因为担心孩子们看屏幕的时间增加,不利于孩子们的健康,故选C项。答案:C,-30-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,考查方向3文章来源推断题推测文章来源或出处需要考生具备一定的常识,比如对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样就能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出正确的答案。,-31-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,经典例题WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwa

34、sntveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldntcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish.”Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,“Imnotafish!”Ididntknowhowtothinklikeafish.Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthink

35、influencewhatafishdoes?,-32-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,AsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreallymeant.So,Ireadsomebooksonfish.AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingthemonthlymeetings.Ilearnedthatafishisacold-bloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.Thatiswhyf

36、ishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.Besides,waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshade.Yet,fishdonthaveanyeyelids(眼皮)andthesunhurtstheireyes.ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem.,-33-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusi

37、nessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesales-people.”Butitdidntcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothinklikeafish.”Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong-termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthan

38、me,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.,-34-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,35.Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom.A.afishingguideB.apopularsalesbookC.anovelonchildhoodD.amillionairesbiography,-35-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,语篇解读作者通过讲述自己

39、和爸爸一起钓鱼的经历,认为爸爸对钓鱼的分析很透彻,爸爸的话即使在自己进入了商界打拼的时候仍然受用,作者的目的在于传授给读者销售策略。思路点拨根据最后两句“Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.(这不是一份轻松的工作,我将在下面的几章里向你们展示如何去做。)”可以推断,文章来自教授大家如何做销售的书籍。故选B项。答案:B,-36-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,考查方向4篇章结构推断题篇章结构推断题是近年出现的主要考查议论文结构的新命题方式,对文章结构的考查主要有两个层面:一是按照段落的组织方式,二是按照

40、写作或论证方法。对于这类题目,考生答题时须从作者的写作手法入手,分清层次、明确主旨,并找出文中作者的观点以及与其紧密联系的论据。英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想;主题句可能在段落的开头、中间或者结尾,概括一个段落的大意。篇章结构推断题经常以下面几种形式命题:1.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationamongtheparagraphs?3.Howisthepassageisdeve

41、loped?,-37-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,经典例题WhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftodaysstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.,-38-,突破点一

42、,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Somepar

43、entsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.,-39-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility

44、,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefost

45、eredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganid

46、entitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.,-40-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsens

47、itiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescentsdesiref

48、orautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.,-41-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceo

49、fstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.,-42-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?,I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion,-43-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。从建议大学生积极提升个人素养和强调社交的重要性两个方

50、面阐述大学生过分依赖家庭不能实现自主意识和成人责任意识的成功转型的论题。思路点拨该题是考查段落组织方式的篇章结构题。第一、二段阐明大学生过分依赖家庭,未实现从被家庭庇护到提高自主意识和成人意识的成功转型,为Introduction。第三段为P1,建议大学生积极探索、实验、辩论、质疑、提升思维能力和个人素养。四、五段为P2,从两个方面(即Sp1和Sp2)强调了社交行为的重要性。最后两段为总结段。故选C项。答案:C,-44-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,主旨大意题考查方向主旨大意题主要是测试考生对某一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解以及在速读中准确把握大意的能力,一般针对某一语段或

51、某一语篇的主题、标题或目的设题。文章的主旨大意可以通过三种方式获得:1.有的文章第一段即为主题段,有的最后一段是主题段。这类文章只要将首段或末段稍加归纳提炼,即可得出文章的主旨大意。,-45-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,2.有的文章每段会有主题句(可能在句首、句中或句末),抓住每段的主题句进行归纳综合,即得到整篇文章的主旨大意。3.有些文章每段的主题句不明显,则要通过浏览全文提炼每段的大意,进而归纳出全文的主旨大意。主旨大意题经常以以下形式命题:1.Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?

52、3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?4.Whatdoes.paragraphmainlytalkabout?,-46-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,经典例题1(2018天津卷)Theresanewfrontierin3Dprintingthatsbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisntstoppingthere.,-47-

53、,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothatittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame”,

54、freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.,-48-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttom

55、aintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthef

56、uturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.,-49-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomi

57、zednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterdaysbreadfromthesupermarket,youdeatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”,-50-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapa

58、ste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyar

59、ebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.,-51-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.,-52-,突破点一,突破点二,突破点三,突破点四,突破点五,48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood.A.ismo