英语语法数词

1、高考总复习：数词编稿：陈玉莲 审稿：梁晓真题再现1. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn解析：B。首先the only one of 为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A2. The number of fore

2、ign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 解析：C。主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。3. According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 解析：D。本题考查比较级

3、的结构，as . as , 注意句中的more than 只是修饰twice。4. Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his. A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as 解析：B。考查as-as同级比较前的修饰语位置。twice应该放在第一个as之前，选B符合。5. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is

4、due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be解析：B。Either or. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。6.Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was解析：D。主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。7.

5、 hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of。She went to the bookstore and bought .A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books解析：D。dozen与数词或many，several连用时其后不加s；dozen前有基数词表示确切数字时，其后一般不与of连用。其谓语动词用复数，故选D项。8. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of out

6、door exercise a week good for ones health.A. show; are B. shows; isC. show; is D. shows; are解析：B。由a survey可知第一个空用shows，首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的时间three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念，看作单数，故其谓语动词用单数形式。9. As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area .A. need repairing B. nee

7、ds to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair解析：A。分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处two-thirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings ，排除B、C两项，need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。10. It is reported that the floods have left about people homeless.A. two thousand B. two-thousands C. two thousands D. two thousan

8、ds of解析：A。hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen，score等指具体数字时，不用复数形式, 如one hundred，two thousand，three million；指大约数字时，常用复数形式，如tens of， millions of，scores of等。语法讲解高考对数词的考查侧重于：数词表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别；数词复数的特殊用法；序数词前不用the的情况；dozen和score的特殊用法。对倍数的考查；主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要考查内容之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来呈现，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致等，同时还涉及动词

9、的时态、语态等。考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意分数、百分数等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。数词的分类 数词分为基数词和序数词。它用来表示数目或顺序，表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。基数词基数词的复数用法：基数词在用来表示准确数字的情况下不能加复数后缀“s”。以下基数词可以加复数后缀“s”，因为它们表达的都是大概的数字。1. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如thousands of / millions of / hundreds and hundreds of / hundreds of thousands of / th

10、ousands upon thousands of, scores of.There are hundreds of thousands of people in the park. 2. 在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里，如“in twos and threes 三三两两”。They came home from church by twos and threes. 3. at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟His wife was away and the house was at sixes and sevens. 4. 表示“几十岁”：in ones fifties 在

11、五十多岁时（fifties 前可插入 early, late, mid-, middle)The boys are all in their teens. Jane is only in her early forties.She was in her mid-twenties. He was then in his late seventies. 5. 表示“年代”，用“in +the +数词复数”：in the 1960s (in the 1960s) 二十世纪六十年代He made acquaintance of her in the 1960s. 6.在乘法运算的一种表示法里：3 x

12、5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.基数词及其修饰语修饰语表示大致的量：about 大约；approximately 大约；around 大约；or so 左右；roughly 约略；some 大约There were roughly 500 people.The time is approximately ten oclock.Itll only cost 15 dollars or so.修饰语表示最小量：a minimum of 至少；at least 至少；more than 多于；or more 或更多；over 多于；plus 多于You mus

13、t get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination.It costs over ten dollars.All the children here are 12 plus.修饰语表示最大量：almost 差不多；nearly 将近；a maximum of 最多；at most 至多；less than 少于；or less 或少于；under 低于；up to 到之多I can swim a maximum of 1 mile.She is nearly fifty now.My shirt cost under two

14、 pounds.序数词基数词变序数词口诀基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th。一、二、三，特殊记，结尾字母t, d, d (first, second, third)八去t, 九去e, (eighth, ninth)ve要用 f替; (fifth, twelfth)ty将y改成i,th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。(eighty-forth, ninety-fifth)注意：序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字的后面加上序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, .41st, 52nd, 63rd, 74th。hundred, thousa

15、nd, million等序数词形式为hundredth, thousandth, millionth。如：five hundredth (500th) 第500，ten thousandth (10000th) 第10000。数词的用法倍数表示法主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) ofThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ tha

16、nThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 用by+倍数，表示“增加多少倍”。The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 分数表示法1. 用“基数词序数词”表示：分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。 The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter. 厘米

17、是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。However, the number of the boys will be less than a third of the girls in the class. 但是班里男生的人数将比女生的三分之一更少。分子为1时，既可以用one，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母则要用复数形式。 三分之一 one third；三分之二 two thirds二分之一不能说 a (one) second，而要说 a (one) half。四分之一和四分之三可以说 a(one) fourth 和 three-fourths，但常用a quarter和three quar

18、ters 表示。分数修饰的名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与名词保持一致。Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. About two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting. 带分数的表示：整数部分与分数部分要用连词 and 连接。 You should finish the work within one and a fourth hours. 6. 分数常和 of 连用，作主语或宾语，但分数也可以不带 of 短语直接作主语或宾语。In U.S., t

19、wo-thirds continue to support death penalty. 分数、百分数等修饰名词作主语时的“主谓一致”1. 分数和百分数不能直接跟名词或代词，而是后跟“of+冠词/限定词+名词/代词”，其后的谓语动词与后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 Two fifths of the money was spent on books.2. “a great many/a large number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“a great deal of/ a large amount of/a large sum of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动

20、词用单数形式；“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3. “a large quantity of+名词”作主语时谓语动词的数要与名词的数保持一致；“large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。4.“ a/an+单数名词+and a half”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 A year and a half has passed.One and a half apples is left on the table.5. “more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词

21、常用单数；“more+名词复数+than one”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。如：More than one person was absent.More students than one have been there.特殊数字的表达1. once 一次 single 单一的 singleness 单一；单身 single-handed 独手的，只用一只手的2. pair 双，对 double 两倍的 double-decker 双层床；双层电车 double-chinned 双下巴的3. quarter 四分之一；一刻钟；两角五分的硬币 three quarters 四分之三4. doz

22、en 十二，一打 dozens of 好几打，很多的 in dozens 成打的 dozenth = twelfth 第十二5. score 二十 three score and ten 七十 two score of 四十个 scores of 大批的 in scores 大量地，大批地6. fortnight 十四日，两星期 fortnightly 两星期一次的；双周刊7. decade 十年 century 百年，世纪 millenary / millennium 千年，千年期双数词 “双数词”一直是高考英语的考查热点。双数代词both“both”意为“两者（都）”，与之对应的复数代词a

23、ll则表示“三者或三者以上（都）”。Neither ofthetwinsisingoodhealth,butbothworkveryhard.Bothofthepenswereboughtaswecantdecidewhichisbetter.双数词（形容词）eacheach可以表示“二者中的每一个”，也可以表示“三者或三者以上中间的每一个”；而every只能指“三者或三者以上中间的每一个”，一般不用于指“二者”。 Thereisabutchers(shop)oneachsideofthestreet. 。Theresaflorists(shop)oneverysideofthesquare. Eachsexhasitsownphysicalandpsychologicalcharacter. 双数代词either 表示“二者中的任何一个”，与之对应的any则表示“三者或三者以上当中任何一个”。Youmaydropinorjustgivemeacall.Either willdo. IborrowedtwobooksfromLinda,butIdontlikeeither ofthem. 双数代词neitherneither是用来表示否定的双数代词，意思是“二者中任何一个都不”；与之对应的none则表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个都不”。Althoughthe