高中英语介词讲义

1、高中英语语法介词一.常见高频介词的用法：1.against(1.)表示方位：“逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击”Birds fly slowly_ the wind.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.He often stands_ the fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening.The girl was leaning _ the wall with her arms folded.(2.)表示态度：“反对；对着；违背”They got married

2、_her parents wishes.Scientists are racing_ time in order to find a cure for cancer as soon as possible.The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in the battle_ heart disease.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.(3.)表示对比：“以为背景；衬托，相应

3、”：The skiers red clothes stood out clearly _the snow.Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, its more important to know what colors look great_ the wall paper.Flowers look better_ green leaves.(4.)“防备；对抗”：We will be competing _ the best companies in Europe.Some animals store foo

4、d_ the winter.They dont believe its goal is to defend_ possible missile attacks from rogue countries.2.as(1.)“作为；当作”I feel that one of my duties_ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.New York City, also known_Big Apple, becomes one of the worlds great business and cultural cen

5、ters._ an eightyearold boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine.(2.)习惯用语：as for; as to至于；关于_ for me, I dont mind going there by train._ for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?3.at(1.)表示“处于.状态”Europe was_pe

6、ace for the first time in ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people could live_ at last.(注意：in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace处于和平状态)The two countries are _ war.(2.)表示“在.时刻、钟点、岁”Children begin schooling_ the age of five.The two brothers decided to leave _ midnight, for they had

7、many miles to cover.The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale_ a reasonable price(3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以.”The population of the world is growing_ a surprising rate.Gary must have driven_ the speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policem

8、an.(4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：laugh, come, aim, pointHe aimed_ the target.I stared _everything as if I were looking for the first time.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows _ the bird.(5.)表示“应.请求、号召、邀请”We came to Beijing_ the invitation of my good friend who has been woeking here for

9、three years.(6.)习惯用语：“at+名词短语”：表示“一.就.”at the sight of.一看见.就.at the sound of.一听到.就.at the thought/ ideaof.一想起.就.at the news of.一得到.的消息,就.The girl cried _ the sight of her mother.The terrible kings wish was that all the people would shake in fear_ the sound of his order.People in love with each other

10、 may feel empty and sick_ the thought of not being together.4.beyond(1.)表示程度:“超出，非所能及”To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is_ expression in words for me.You really need to pay a visit to Shanghai since you havent been there for years, and you will find changes there are_ imaginatio

11、n.We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes_ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.(2.)表示时间:“过了，比.晚，迟于”He delayed the matter _ the fixed time.He came home_ the usual time.(3.)表示位置：“在另一边，在更远处”The woods go for about two miles _ the river.这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。The small villiage i

12、s 20 miles_ the town. 那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。5.by(1.)表示方法、手段：“靠、用、通过”You can reserve tickets _ phone.你可以通过电话订票。He makes a living_ selling newspapers.This kind of work is done_hand/machine.这种工作是手工/机器做的。What do you mean _saying “the boy is overgrowing?”I mean that he is tall_ his age.(2.)表示标准、度量、数量:根据,按照,以

13、计算,常用结构“bythe计量名词或byun.(weight/length/width/depth/volume)”Parcel post is charged _ weight and mileage, without reference to contents.包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。Meat is sold_ the pound.They are paid_ the hour.(3.)“经过、经由”If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave_ the back door.He walk

14、ed right _ me without even saying hello.他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。(4.)表示时间：“在.之前，不迟于”It will be dark_ the time I get there.The documents need to be ready_ next Friday.Workers will have finished the construction of the main teaching buildings_ the end of this month.(5.)表示方位:“在.旁边，靠近”（同beside）Hes wandering,

15、standing_ the window as if something urgent occurred.The little girl is so timid that she always sit_ her mother wherever they go.6.for(1.)表示目的、对象、感情、能力：“为了、替、给、对、对于”I just know there are some new films for children these days.Why dont you telephone the cinema_ more details?Would you mind not pickin

16、g the flowers in the garden? They are_ everyones enjoyment.Youd better leave a note_ your parents.Here is a letter_ you.She has an ear_ music.(2.)表示原因：“因为、由于”He was prraised_ his good deeds.China is famous_ the Great Wall and also_ one of the largest countries with the largest population in the worl

17、d.(3.)表示方向、倾向、能力：“向、往”The train is heading_Beijing.We went out_ lunch.The young manager hungered_ knowledge of management.(4.)表示买卖、交换：“以.的代价，以.的价钱”He agreed to give her 300 dollars_ the picture.I bought a dictionary_ 5 dollars.He thought the jar made of earth of little value and let me have it_ only

18、 one dollar.(5.)表示用途：“适于，适合于”I believe through my previous job experience, I can be competent_ this job.One of the requirements of living abroad is that climatic conditions should be suitable_ habitation throughout the year.Everyone should keep it in mind that there is only one earth, if we go on tr

19、eating her like this, it wont be fit_ us human to live in any longer.7.on(1.)“从事.中，处于什么情况”He saw a soldier_ watch at the door.Tired, his young brother fell asleep, leaving him in the toilet for two hours till the teacher_ duty discovered them.There were daily strikes and demonstrations, and building

20、s were_ fire.(2.)表示关系：“关于、涉及”He will give a talk_ the economic situation.The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism_ the wildlife in the area.He declined to reveal any information_ the presidential election. (3.)表示方式：“以.方式、通过”I often have conversations with John_ the phone, while

21、 keep in touch with Tom_ letter.Nowadays, its more convenient to know whats going on in the world_ the Internet.(4.)“是.的成员、在.供职”He and my brother are_ their school basketball team and they both play well.Hes_ the Peoples Daily.(5.)表示时间，后街动名词：“一.就”_ arriving the factory, he went to see the manager._

22、my finishing typing the letter, you will have it delivered.8.with(1.)with复合结构：with+ 名词或代词+宾补(介短/副短/形短/to do/done/doing)_his colleagues to help him, its likely that the tough mission will be handled ahead of schedule.With exports_(play) a big role in its economic growth, this country has been affecte

23、d by the current financial storm.The company has had another excellent year_ production up by 60%._ only twenty minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station.(2.)表示时间：“随着、与.同时”_ the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produce

24、d.The risk of developing heart disease increases_ the number of cigarettes smoked._ the rapid growth of short messages sent by mobile phoes, the increasing number of criminal cases appeared through short messages.(3.)表示从属关系：“具有、带有、在.身边”What made John wild_ joy?Being admitted to his dream university.

25、_ a sigh, she leandt back and closed her eyes.He was in his early forties, tall and blond _ bright blue eyes.(4.)表示工具、手段：“用、用.工具”She said she wouldnt believe such a kind of strange bird unless she saw it_ her own eyes.Remove the meat_a fork and divide it into four plates.二.常考易混介词辨析：1.表示时间点的at, in和on

26、:介词用法特例at表示在某个时间点、时刻at breakfast/lunch/dinner; at dawn/sunrise/noon/dusk/sunset/night/midnight;in表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the morning/afternoon/evening; in a (short)while, in no time, in time, in the day, in the nighton表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上、前夕on Christmas Eve, on Childrens Day, early on

27、 the morning of Oct. 1stWhen did he come here?He came here_ the morning of Monday, and went back_ the afternoon.Li Mings father bought him a nice bike_ his fourteenth birthday.2.表示时间点的 in, during, after介词用法in表示一段时间：“在.之内”，可与during 互用；“在.之后”，用于一般将来时；in the last/past+ 时间段，用于现在完成时during表示一段时间：“在.之内”,与i

28、n区别：during+表活动的抽象名词，in+表活动的动名词短语during the discussion, in discussing the problemafter表示一段时间：“在.之后”，用于一般过去时He promised to buy me a new dress_ his staying in Paris.Please take care of youeself, and I willcome to see you again_ a few days.He left home and went to the front_ two days.He has made rapid p

29、rogress_ the past three months.3.表示”方式、方法、手段”的介词：in, on, by, with, through介词用法典例byby+交通/运输/通讯单数名词by land 由陆路 by sea由海路 by water由水路 by air空运by post邮递 by letter通过信件 by telephone通过电话 by car /bus/traininin+语言/材料/语调/心情in+限定词(冠词/物主代词)+交通in English用英语 in blue ink用蓝墨水 in a high/low voice大声/低声in a good/bad m

30、ood心情好/不好 in a friendly tone用友好的语气in the car /bus/train, in an early bus, in this planeonon+the+通讯工具on+限定词(冠词/物主代词)+交通on the telephone/radio/computer/Internet, on TVon the car /bus/train, on an early bus, on this plane, on footwithwith+限定词(冠词/物主代词)+具体有形工具/器官with ones eyes/ears/legs/handswith a knife

31、/fork注意：way, manner, means, method与介词的搭配：in this/that/the same. way/mannerby this/that. means或by means of.with this/that. methodThe bycicle,_ which she goes to school every day, is made in Shanghai.I made the coat_ my own hands. It was made_ hand, not _ a machine.The form is very important. Please f

32、ill in the form_ ink not_ a pencil.4.表示“除外”的介词：介词用法besides表示“除.之外(包含宾语)”；可作副词“而且，并且”except表示“除.之外(不包含宾语)”except forexcept for+名词短语“要不是.”except thatexcept that+ that从句“要不是.”apart from表示“除了.之外还有”“除了.之外别无”in addition to表示“除.之外还有”，相当于besidesbut作介词，其用法同except,常与no-否定词连用There will be five of us for dinner

33、_ John. So remember to book a table for six.I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments_ the hot weather.He usually goes to work on time_ on rainy days.The road was almost empty_ a few cars and bikes.He is a good student_ he sometimes late for school.He has not changed_ he is wearing da

34、rk glasses.Nobody _ John was able to answer such a question finally.How did she lose so much weight as expected? _ eating less, she jogged for several miles every day.注意：介词but特殊用法：(1.)接带to的不定式：(无do 加to)Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but_(take) a taxi.The little naught boy has

35、no choice but_(lie) down and sleep.(2.)接不带to的不定式：(有do 无to)do nothing but/ have nothing to do but/cant help but/cant but+v.原“只好，不得不”They did nothing but_(complain)I cannot but_(admire) the grandeeur of the Great Hall of the People.She couldnt help but_(confess) she was wrong.(3.接动名词：He suggested noth

36、ing but_(lie) down and sleeping.The old man enjoyed nothing but_(watch) TV.二.常用介词短语：1.介词与名词的常用搭配(1)atn.:表示状态:at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中 at work 在工作at length详细地,长时间地 at will任意地 at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table在吃饭 at school上学 at church做礼拜at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以的代价at the ris

37、k of冒的危险at the mercy of在支配下;任由摆布(2)onn.:表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火on sale 出售;打折 on holiday/vacation 在度假on duty在值班on guard在值勤 on leave在休假 on strike罢工on loan借贷on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加on the move在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march在行军 on the air正在广播 on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 o

38、n no account/condition 决不(3)byn.:表示方式by accident 偶然 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by nature 天生地(4)inn.:表示方式in cash 用现金付款 in width 在宽度上in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in advance提前,事先,预先in case如果,万一 in common共有,共同 in demand有需要的 in fact事实

39、上in order有序 in progress进行中in return作为回报 in turn依次,替换地,相应地 in vain徒劳,白费力气的 in need of 需要in no case 决不 in charge of掌管,看管,负责in no time立刻 in no way 决不in exchange for 作为交换in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有,占有in control of 管理;控制;操纵in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管in case of 万一;如果；假如in response to作为回应 in s

40、pite of 尽管 in favour of同意,赞成in celebration of 为庆祝in honour of 为向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持in the direction of 在方向in the face of 面对in terms of在方面in search of寻找 in view of由于;鉴于 (5)ofn.:表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的of use 有用的 of value 有价值的(6

41、)out ofn.:表示状态out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失去控制 out of date 过期out of debt 不欠债 out of order 出故障out of shape 走样,不成形 out of sight 看不到out of work 失业out of the question 不可能 out of question毫无疑问out of breath上气不接下气地 out of business破产 out of patience不耐烦 out of touch失去联系 (7)undern.:表

42、示被动under attack 遭到袭击 under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之中 under construction 在建造中(8)withn.:表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地with ease轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地(9)beyondn.:表示“超出,难以”beyond compare无与伦比 beyond reach够不到beyond ones understa

43、nding无法理解 beyond description难以描述beyond doubt不用怀疑,确实地beyond expression/words难以表达2介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)beadj.aboutbe anxious about 忧虑be curious about 对好奇be particular about 对讲究/挑剔be worried/concerned about 对担心(2)beadj.atbe angry at因生气 be good at擅长be astonished/urprised/shocked at对吃惊 be present at出席be disappo

44、inted at对失望(3)beadj.inbe absorbed in专注于 be active in积极于be dressed in穿着 be engaged in 忙于be rich in富含 be occupied in忙于be interested in对感兴趣be involved in包括在中,被卷入(4)beadj.forbe eager for渴望 be famous for以著名be fit for适合，胜任 be hungry/eager/anxious for渴望be ready for准备好 be sorry for对感到抱歉be thankful for因而感激be

45、 competent for胜任be prepared for为做好准备(5)beadj.frombe absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响(6)beadj.to be close to接近 be contrary to与相反be devoted to致力于 be equal to等于;胜任be familiar to 对来说熟悉 be friendly to 对友好be good to对有好处 be grateful to对心存感激be harmful to对有危害 be kind to对友好

46、be opposed to反对 be similar to与相似be/get used to (变得)习惯于(7)beadj.ofbe aware of意识到 be fond of喜欢be full of充满 be proud of因而自豪be short of缺乏 be tired of厌烦be ashamed of为感到羞耻be capable of胜任(8)beadj.withbe busy with忙于 be filled with充满 be combined with与结合 be content/satisfied/pleased with对满意be covered with被覆盖

47、be familiar with对熟悉be patient with对有耐心 be popular with受的欢迎by angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒be concerned with与有关;涉及,关心,关注3.to ones+ 情感n.：“令某人.的”to ones delight/joy/surprise/horror/sorrow/regret= to the delight/joy/surprise/horror/sorrow/regret of sb.A 介词和介词短语真题组（2010-2015）1.介词的考查主要考查单独的介词或介词短语，前几年考查介词较多，近年则

48、偏重考查介词短语；2.题目设置角度逐步趋于细微化，题干主句结构呈现复杂化的特点；3.从“注重语言应用”的角度，未来高考对于介词及介词短语固定搭配的测试题目将呈上升趋势。 1.(2015江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.2.(2015江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.3.(2015江苏，34)Many of the

49、 things we now benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.4.(2015浙江，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?5.(2015浙江，10)Most people work because its unavoidable. contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.6.(2015浙江，11)We tend to have a bet

50、ter memory for things that excite our senses or appeal our emotions than for straight facts.7.(2015浙江，17)These comments came in response specific questions often asked by local newsmen.8.(2015湖北，30)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you advance that if you smoked here you w

51、ould be fined.9.(2015重庆,10)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 the average.10.(2015陕西,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.11.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the