中考知识点讲――代词 讲义加习题全解

1、中考知识点讲义代词1. 人称代词导入：幽默一则：神父，我有罪你怎么了？我刚偷了一部手机，心里很愧疚，所以想把它送给你，这样会好过一些。那可不行，我不能要，你应该把它交给它的主人。我说了，我告诉他了，可是他不要。那你就自己留着它吧好吧（等这个人离开后，神父发现自己的手机没了）所以，人称代称对于大家并不陌生，就是我们经常提到的“我”“你” “他/她/它”等用来指代人、动物或事物的词。和汉语一样，英语中也有对应的人称代词，也有人称和数的变化。1.人称第一人称第二人称第三人称我你他她它Iyou he she it(注：英语中出于谦虚礼貌，在多个人称代词并列出现时，第一人称代词要放在最后面。例如：Tom

2、 and I go to school together everyday.)2.数单数I you he she it复数we youthey(注：人称和数的一致。I like Sellina very much. She is very brave.I like Zhao Benshan very musch. He is very humorous.I like S.H.E very much. They are all very lovely.3.格以上是与我们汉语相同的地方，接下来我们要学习英语中有关人称代词的特殊的用法。试比较一下下面两句话：昨天我帮助了小明。今天小明又帮助了我。在这

3、两句话中，“我”有什么不同？一个是帮助这一动作的发出者，一个是承受者，从句子成分来说，一个做主语，一个做宾语，在汉语表达中，形式上没有发生变化，但在英语里，根据在句中所做成分的不同，人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格 I youhesheit we you they宾格 me youhimherit us you them I beat Xiao Ming yesterday. 主格-主语-动词前 Xiao Ming beat me today. 宾格-宾语-动词和介词后 I am very proud of you. 类似的介词短语还有很多，例如look after, take care of

4、, agree with, be strict with人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he himtheythemsheheritit练习：（一）填空-Father, I am guilty.-Whats wrong with you?-I stole a cell phone but I am not feeling good. So I want to give it to you then I can feel better.-Sorry, I cannot. You should give it back to the own

5、er.-I have told him, but he refused.-Well, then you can keep it yourself-OK(After the man left , the Father found his cell phone is lost.)（二）中考（10北京中考）Tom and Mike are good friends. _often help each other. A. They B. them （10海淀二模）Mary is very friendly. I like to study with_. A. she B. her（10西城一模）-Ma

6、y I put these books here, sir? -Yes, please. Just put _ on the shelf. A. they B. them（10广东中考）My father is ill in bed. I have to look after _at home. A. he B. him（三）课后练习填空_ am a teacher. （我）Nice to meet _.（你）_ ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. (她)Chinaisadevelopingcountry._ isintheeastofAsia. （它）LingLingisagir

7、l._studiesinamiddleschool.（她）Jimwantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_? (他)My father is talking with _(我)._(他) often plays basketball after school.Our parents often take good care of _.(我们)4. itl 作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 -Whats the weather like today? -Its windy. Its about five minutes walk from home to

8、 school.l 可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳。Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处 2. 物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，并有人称和数的变化。数人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheir

9、s记忆口诀：一变：my变mine, 二留：his, its不变； 三加尾：其余直接加-S1.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别 1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。 例如： My school is very beautiful.I have a dog. Its name is Peter.（注：如果名词前面已经有了形容词性物主代词，就不能再有冠词（a，an, the）,指示代词( this, that, these, those)等修饰词了。例如：This is his a desk. (F) ）2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，它们在句中

10、可以作主语、宾语或表语。 例如： Is this her pen? No, hers is red. （主语） 这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。 Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours. （宾语） 咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。 These letters are his.（表语） 这些信是他的。 3）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词Is this her pen? No, hers (=her pen) is red.Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours.(

11、=our classroom)口诀：物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。形容词性能力差，自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加。物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用。句中充当主宾表，身后没有名词影。两种代词形不同，添个 s 形变名。2.课堂练习1. -Is that your key, Tim?-No. Its not _. I think its Sams.(10海淀一模)A.I B.me C.my D.mine2. Song Zuyings voice is very sweet. I like _songs.(10东城二模)A. she B.her C.hers D.herself3. -

12、Welcome to our house! -Oh, how nice! Its bigger than _.(10朝阳一模)A.we B.us C.our D.ours4. It isnt _ cell phone. I left it at home.(10宣武二模)A. mine B.me C.my D.I课后练习（ ）1.I am _son.A. they B. their C. them（ ）2. This is not _ desk. _ is over there.A. IMine B. myMine C. minemy（ ）3. Whats _ name? _name is L

13、ucy.A. youMy B. your My C. yoursMy（ ）4. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _ room.A. they B. them C. their（ ）5. We are in the same class. _ classroom is very nice.A. Our B. My C. Ours（ ）6. Mrs. Green is my teacher. Im _ student.A. heB. hisC. him（ ）7. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi.A. It B. ItsC. Its（ ）

14、8.This cup is _. That is _. A. meyouB. myyour C. mineyours( ) 9.This is_pen. _is over there. A.myyour B.meyou C.myYours( ) 10.Do you like _skirt? A.mine B. my C. me3. 不定代词不定代词是用来泛指人或事物的代词，其大多数兼有名词和形容词的功能，不定代词是一个庞大的家族，其成员主要有：some，any，no，both，all，every，each，either，other（s），another，neither，much，many，fe

15、w，a few，a little，little以及由some，any，no，every等合成的复合不定代词（something，nobody，anyone，everywhere），各成员在意义和用法上都各不相同，应特别注意。下面看几组辨析：1. some，any some，any都意为“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。一般情况下some用在肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑问句中。例如： I have some work to do today. Do you have any work to do today? I dont have any work to do today

16、.但在表示请求或说话人希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中要用some, 如： Would you like some coffee?There isnt any water in my glassWould you give me some？我的杯子里没有水了。请你给我一些，好吗？ 2. many，muchmany，much都表示“许多”的意思，many修饰可数名词（many cars），much修饰不可数名词(much time)。 There are so many people here这里有这么多的人。There isnt much water left. 没剩下多少水。3. few，a

17、few， little，a little（也可以用四幅图画表示，豆子和牛奶）肯定否定可数 a few few不可数 a little littlea few/ a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few/little 为否定含义，没有多少了He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。（1）I have _ friends here and we often meet quite

18、 often. A. few B a few C. little D. a little （2）-Tom, you look sad today. -Yeah, I have made _ mistakes in the exam. (10 西城二模) A. few B a few C. little D. a little (3) Although he is wealthy, he spends_ on clothes.A. few B a few C. little D. a little用所给词填空（选词）some, much, any, all, little, a little,

19、few, a few1, He is very careless, he made _mistakes in the exam.2, There are many foreigners here but _can speak Chinese.3，_of the students in our class study hard, so we all passed the exam.4, Dont hurry. We still have _time.5, I dont eat _this morning .Im hungry now.6, This physics problem is so d

20、ifficult that only _can work it out.4other，others , the others, another onethe other指“（两个中）一个另一个”I have two pens, one is blue, and the other is red.He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.someothers（other 复数名词）指“（许多中的）一些另一些（但不是全部）”； Some students like English, others like Math.so

21、methe others（the other 复数名词）指“（许多中的）一些另一些（指剩下的全部）”。Some students like English, the others dont like English.another 泛指三个以上中的任意另一个I dont like this T-shirt, please show me another.商店购物情景：来到一家商店衣服要么太幼稚，要么太成熟Some are too childish, others are too mature.好不容易淘出来一件，号还不全，要么太大，要么太小Some are too big, the other

22、s are too small.最后只好放弃，打算去另外一家商店看看I decide to go to another shop.总结：1）两个人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。 2) 三个以上，泛指另一个用another。3) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。 4) 泛指别的人或物时，用others，当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。1I dont like this coat，could you please show me _？A. other B. another C. the other D. ot

23、hers2There are many people in the park，some are playing cards，some are dancing，and _are taking a walk in it.A. other peoples B. the others C. others D. the other people3I have two uncles，one is a doctor and _ is a teacher.A. the other B. another C. other D. another one4Some students hope to enter th

24、e best universities while _ simply wants to learn skills. A. the others B. others C. another D. the other5“Do you like these pants , sir？” “No，please show me _.”A. another B. some ones C. some others D. the other5both, neither， either both，neither和either都是表示两者，可用作主语、宾语和定语。both意为“两者都”，其谓语用复数形式；neithe

25、r意为“两者都不”，其谓语用单数形式，与both相反；either表示“两者任何一个”，其谓语动词也用单数形式，它作定语时只能修饰单数可数名词。如： Both of my parents are doctors我的父母都是医生。Neither of my parents is a doctor. 我的父母都不是医生。There are trees on either side（both sides each side）of the river河的两边都有树。Do you want tea or coffee？你要茶还是咖啡？ Either is OK.哪一种都行Come on Saturday

26、 or Sunday. Either day is OK.星期六或星期天来吧，这两天哪天都行。6. bothand eitheror neithernorboth.and 两者都（复数）either.or. 两者中一个（就近原则）neither.nor两者都不（就近原则）连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的就近原则。例：Both you and I are right。 你和我都是正确的。Either you or I am right. 要么你是正确的，要么我是正确的。Neither I nor I you are right .我和你都不对。

27、7. all, none，no one , nothingall和none都是指三者或三者以上。all表示肯定，意为“全部”，后面的谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于后面所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数。 none是all的反义词，表示全体否定，意为“全都不”。可作主语、宾语和同位语，不可作定语。none指可数名词时，可为复数，也可为单数；指不可数名词时，则只能是单数。如： All is going well一切正常。 None of us is are interested in it我们中没人对此感兴趣。 None of the money on the desk is mine桌子上的钱都不是我的

28、。none 1）可与of 连用，2）具体指人或物，3）谓语动词用单或复数4）一般用来回答how many, how much，以及含any 引起的疑问句。None of us has seen him.-How many students are in the room?-None.-Is there any water in the bottle?-None.-How much money do you have?-None.no one 1) 不与of 连用2）谓语动词用单数 3)只能指人，但不具体指什么人4） 一般用来回答who, 及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。No o

29、ne likes her.-Who is in the room?-No one.-Is there anyone in the room?-NO one.nothing 1)指物 2）谓语动词用单数3）一般用来回答由含anything的一般疑问句及what引起的特殊句。-What is in the box?-Nothing.-Is there anything in the sky?-Nothing.-Can you see anything without glasses?-Nothing.8. every，each都有“每一个”的意思，但二者侧重点不同。every用来指三者或三者以上，

30、侧重整体而不在个别；each则用来指两者或两者以上，侧重于个别情况。She knows every pupil of the class她认识班上的所有学生。 She knows each pupil of the class她认识班上的每一个学生。 We each have a dictionary Each of us has a dictionary We have a dictionary each我们每个人都有本词典。练习题 1I have two TV set，but _ of them is in good condition.A. both B. none C. neither

31、 D. every2Walking along the streets，you can see many beautiful flowers on _ side of the street.A. every B. all C. both D. either3_ of my parents is good-educated，they both left school when they were 13. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither4_of us answered the phone，for we were all in the yard. A. Eit

32、her B. Neither C. All D. None5How many monkeys are there in the cage left？ _.A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Not some 考试真题： 1I invited Joe and Linda to dinner，but _of them came. （2004北京） A. neither B. either C. none D. both2I had to buy _these books because I didnt know which one was the best.A. bot

33、h B. none C. neither D. all （2004上海）3I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _in two days？A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others (因为work不可数)4Both teams were in hard training； _was willing to lose the game. （2001上海）A. either B. neither C. another D. the other9one ones，that th

34、ose，it 1） one用来替代前面提到过的可数名词，复数形式为ones，替代的是同类异物，有泛指含义。特指时须加上定冠词the，修饰语放在the和one ones之间。 2）that主要用来替代前面的不可数名词，those主要用来替代前面的复数名词。它们替代的也是同类异物，修饰语往往放在它们的后面。如:The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Guangzhou北京的天气比广州的天气冷得多。 The students in our class are older than those of yours我们班上的学生比你们班上的年龄

35、要大。 3）it特指上文提到的同类同物，不带任何修饰语。如： The box is too heavyI cant carry it这箱子太重了，我搬不动。10. 复合不定代词 1）含some和any的复合不定代词的用法类似于some和any的用法； 2）复合不定代词一般都用作单数，在句中不能作定语；如： There is nothing on the blackboard黑板上什么也没有。 3）复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须后置。如： I have something important to tell you我有些重要的事情要告诉你。（在餐馆）-Can I help you?-Yes,

36、I want something delicious.-Everything is delicious here. -I like Beijing roast duck.-Anything else?-Nothing.1. -Is _ OK, Lucy? （2006浙江） -No, my maths is not as good as English.A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything2. The boy was so attracted by the computer games that he forgot _ else. （

37、2006莱芜市）A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything3. -Whats in the box?- Its empty. There is _ in it. （2006福州）A. none B. no oneC. nothing D. something4. _of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help. （2006南通）A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None5. It rained heavily this morni

38、ng, but _ of my classmates were away from school. （ 2006泰州）A. neither B. none C. all D. both6. - Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman?- _. I prefer the new kind of MP4. （2006兰州）A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either7. Shirley had to buy _ these CDs because she didnt know which one to take. （2

39、006苏州）A. all B. none C. each D. both8. -Heres coffee and tea. You may have_.-Thanks. （2006武汉）A. either B. each C. one D. it9. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. _ is more important than life. （2006上海）A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything10. I have _ to do. Please give

40、me _ to read. （2007济南）A. something, anything B. nothing, somethingC. nothing, everything D. anything, nothing11. - Got any information about High School Examination?-Well, 1 was trying to, but found_.（2007武汉）A. one B. no one C. none D. some 12. _is watching TV. Lets turn it off. （2007北京）A. Somebody

41、B. AnybodyC. Nobody D. Everybody13. -Do you want tea or coffee? （2007青岛）-_. I really dont mind.A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither14. Money is important in my life. But it isnt _ to me. （2007陕西）A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything15. Can you hear the strange noise from the washing mach

42、ine?_ must be wrong with it. （2007佛山）A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something4. 反身代词反身代词用来表示反射或强调。 1反身代词的形式 人称 一二三单数 myselfyourselfhimself herself itself 复数 ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2反身代词的用法 1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。 例如： My grandmother is too old to look after herself. 我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。 Lei Feng was

43、 always ready to help others, he never thought of himself. 雷锋总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。 2）在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气，常可译为“亲自”、“本人”等。在这种情况下，反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后，也可以放到句末。 例如： We ourselves will build the factory. 我们将自己建造这个工厂。 He spoke to me myself. 他对我本人说话。 3）反身代词有以下常见搭配 enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone

44、help oneself to learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 注意：oneself 有单复数之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yourselves to some fish.5. 指示代词指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词，如：this, that, these, those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和these一般用来指较近的事物，that和those则指较远的事物。 指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。 例如： This i

45、s a difficult question. 这是个难题。 That basketball isnt ours. 那个篮球不是我们的。 Do you like these? 你喜欢这些吗？ 6. 疑问代词I dont care who you arewhere youre fromwhat you didas long as you love me在代词这个大家庭中，有一个不可忽视的成员，它就是疑问代词。在我们的日常生活中，总会遇到这样那样的疑问，在英语中又如何表达呢？首先，我们先一起来看一看在初中英语中有哪些疑问代词。 主要有下列疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, w

46、hich等1）who/whom 谁（指人）.作主语 Who is he ? 作宾语 Who/Whom are you waiting for?（作介词for的宾语）Who/Whom do you want to meet? （作动词meet的宾语） 作表语 Who/Whom are they?2）whose谁的 作定语 Whose pen is this? 作表语 Whose is this pen?3）which哪一个，哪一些 作定语 Which girl is Kathy? 作表语 Which is the boys ball?4）what什么 作主语 Whats on the table

47、?作宾语 What are you doing?作表语 What is he? 作定语 What class are you in?I. 选择填空： 1This dictionary is not hers. Its _. A. I B. me C. mine D. my 2. - Is this _ magazine? - No, it isnt. Its _. A. your, her B. hers, mine C. yours, hers D. your, hers 3. There are two books on the desk. One is a maths book, _ i

48、s an English book. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 4. _ of the girls plays tennis well. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 5. Mary speaks very quickly. _ is difficult to understand what she is saying. A. That B. she C. It D. There 6. The school was built by the villagers _A. us B. ourselve

49、s C. them D. themselves 7. He put a finger into _ mouth and sucked it. A. his B. he C. him D. her8. He is always ready to help _. A. another B. others C. the other D. other 9. Let _ do this exercise myself. A. him B. her C. us D. me 10. Have you _ to tell us? A. important something B. something impo

50、rtant C. important anything D. anything important 11. I met an old friend of _ on _ way home. A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D. mine, the 12. _ of the students in our class has a ticket. A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All 13. There are several books on the desk. _ of them is English. A. All B. Both

51、C. None D. Neither 14. _ live in Shanghai. A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves 15. - Is this _ jacket? - Yes, its _. A. her, her B. her, hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers 16. - _ is that boy? - Hes my son. A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which 17. _ humans _ animals can live without air. A. Both, and B. Neith

52、er, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also 18. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, _ are for the students. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others 19. My dictionary is in my bag. Where is _? A. yours B. you C. yourself D. your 20. I think you can do the job _. A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. your 21. - Which jacket is Marys? - The red one is _. A. she B. her C. hers D. his 22. My uncle was so angry that he was no _ when he found I was be