初中语法复习：状语从句

1、专题十五 状语从句,第一部分 中考英语语法专题,什么是状语从句？,用一个句子充当状语成分，那个句子 就是状语从句。,I get up,at six,when it is dark.,I get up,at school,where I study.,状语从句 状语从句同副词，介词词组等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语，说明谓语动作的时间，地点，方式，手段，条件，程度，比较，原因，目的，结果等 I get up at 6:00 It is dark I get up when it is dark,1.时间状语从句,I was watching TV at ten oclock yesterday. I

2、 was watching TV when my mother got home.,-,时间状语,-,时间状语从句,1. 时间状语从句的引导词： when（当时候）, while（当时候）, before（在之前）, after（在之后）, till/ until（直到）, as soon as （一就）， as（当时,一边,一边）, since（从以来）, by the time （当时候）等引导。,在忘记之前,我要把它写下来。 我一到上海就会写信给你。 我们一直到雨停了才离开。,We didnt leave until the rain stopped.,As soon as I arri

3、ve in Shanghai, I will write to you.,Ill write it down before I forget it.,2.在时间状语从句里，当主句是一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。 Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.,when :当时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。,When I o

4、pened the window, I saw him come up.,When I have time , I will go to see you.,When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.,He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.,while:在期间，往往指一段时间,从句中一般用持续性动词作谓语。 She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。 I am f

5、ond of English while he likes maths. I was working while he was playing.,as : 当时；一边一边；随着,某事一发生，另一事立即发生 两个动作同时发生,As the day went on, the weather got worse.,As the captain passed me, I asked him whether there was any hope of saving the ship.,_he had finished his homework，he took a short rest _he walke

6、d along the lake， he sang happily. _ she was typing the letter,the telephone rang when， as， while区别,when while as,When,As,While,时间点,延续性动词,“一边.一边”,时间段,终止性动词,as soon as - 一就,Jack went to school as soon as he got well.,Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.,since ：自从, 通常主句用现在完成时,I have ne

7、ver been there again since I graduated from the university.,It is +时间段+since从句(过去时) It has been +时间段+since从句(过去时),It is five years since we met last time. It has been ten moths since we graduated., before 在前 It will be half a year before I come back. It wont be half a year before we meet again. We s

8、ailed four days and nights before we saw the land.,it will be +一段时间+ before.多久之后才.,it wont be +一段时间+ before.不久就.,till, until和notuntil：,1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： We waited until he came.,2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”,如: He

9、 wont go to bed till/until she returns.,练习 : 1. Ill write to you _ I get there. A. while B. before C. as soon as D. by 2. He has lived in the city _ he came back from America. A. when B. before C. since D. after 3. We wont leave here _ our teacher comes back. A. until B. since C. after D. as soon as

10、 4. I had to finish the picture _ my mother came back. A. until B. before C. after D. while 5. John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as,中考题型,时间状语从句,2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句由 where, wherever 等引导。例如： You can take a walk wherever you like to. -Mom, what did yo

11、ur doctor say? - He advised me to live where the air is fresher.,3.条件状语从句 由if（如果）, unless（if.not，除非）, so/as long as （只要）等引导，谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用现在时，从句也用现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。 主将从现具体地讲，主句是一般将来时(包括祈使句和含有情态动词can, may, must等)，从句也用一般现在时。 We wont wait for him, if he doesnt come before 12oclock. W

12、e wont wait for him, unless he comes before 12oclock. So long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.,“祈使句 + and （or）+ 结果句” = 条件状语从句 Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up,youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.,Youll be la

13、te _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning. A. if B. when C. before D. until If he _ on time, we will go without him A. doesnt come B. dont come C. didnt come If you _ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us. A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will

14、 go,中考题型,总结： 条件状语从句考的频率比较高，主要考查if 连词和if引导的从句与主句的时态（主将从现）,条件状语从句,如果,是否,4.原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because, as, since, 等词引导。 because语气较强，用以回答why问句。 Why are you late again today? Because Ive got a bad cold. as语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显。 As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman. since语气较弱，常表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”。 Sinc

15、e you cant answer the question, you might ask someone else for help.,because和so不能同用在一个句子里 , 如： 我们不能说： Because it rained hard, so we stayed at home. 应该说： 或,It rained hard, so we stayed at home.,Because it rained hard, we stayed at home.,because of和because的区别 because of后加名词代词或动名词，不加句子，而because加句子，例： B

16、ecause of his illness, he didnt go to work. Because he was ill, he didnt go to work.,1. I didnt buy the dictionary yesterday _ my aunt would give me one. A. until B. because C. if D before 2. - Why did you come to school late this morning? - _ I watched the football World Cup until 12 oclock last ni

17、ght. A. If B. Because C. Since D. Though,中考题型,总结： 重点掌握because 的用法 （注： because 和so 不能同时用在一个句子中）,原因状语从句,5.结果状语从句 结果状语从句常用so that, such that等关联词引导。e.g. He is so young that he cant go to work. He got so little pay that his family had to live on welfare money. Its such a good chance that we mustnt miss i

18、t.,他如此小以致于他不能上班。,他工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。(welfare money),机会这样好，我们决不能失掉。,sothat 和 suchthat ,suchthat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.sucha(an)形名词that 2.such形复数名词不可数名词that,sothat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形副that 2.so+形a(an)单数名词that 3.somany/much/few/little复数名词（不可数名词）+that,It was such a wonderful film that all of us

19、wanted to see it again. = The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.,It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. Soon there were so many deer t

20、hat they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you. 记：注：名词前由many， much， little， few等词修饰时，用so，不用such,sothat句型的否定形式可用简单句 tooto或notenough to代替。如： He is so young that he cant go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to scho

21、ol,6.目的状语从句,(1).引导目的状语从句的词组有so that， in order that等，谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。如： He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus. (2).当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to,in order to。 如： He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in order to suc

22、ceed.,7. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念， 常用的关联词有：though, although, even though/ if 等。 Though he was ill, he was still working. 他虽然有病，但仍然继续工作。 Although it is difficult, we shall do it. 此事虽难，但我们还是要做。 Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。,though和although可以互换，只是although比较正式。 though/ a

23、lthough不可以与连词but连用，但可以与yet，still连用。例： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. Though it was raining hard, he still went out. It was raining hard, but he still went out .,8. 比较状语从句,比较状语从句常用than或asas，the more the more 等引导。than表示两者的比较，asas表示程度相同的 比较；The morethe more表示” 越越”。例： That book is mo

24、re interesting than this one. 那本书比这本有趣。 He runs as fast as I （do）. 他和我跑得一样快。 The more I see him , the less I like him. 我越看他就越不喜欢。,1. He doesnt work so hard _you do. 2.The more you worry, _youll succeed. 3.She did worse in the test _she expected.,as,the less,than,练一练,9. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句由 as, as if , as

25、though 等引导。例如: You can do it as what I just did. I couldnt moved my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. He sounds as though hes got a sore throat.,Lets do more exercises,（ ）1. Well set out as soon as our monitor _. A. come B. comes C. will come D. has come （ ）2. Ill go with you if it _f

26、ine tomorrow. A. has been B. is C. will be D. be （ ）3. Ill meet him at the station when he _. A. will return B. return C. returns D. returned （ ）4. I wont go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lost D. didnt have,B,B,C,B,（ ）5. Are you going to visit the farm

27、tomorrow? Yes. But if it _, well stay at school. A. rain B. rained C. rains D. will rain （ ）6. Please dont stand up in class until you _. A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told （ ）7. They wont be back until the work _. A . do B. does C. is done D. will do （ ）8. Xiao Ming will come and play with me if he _busy. A. is B. wont be C. isnt D. will be,B