高考英语写作、完型技巧讲座

1、高考英语写 作训练思路,乌市一中 司剑帆,评分时词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分； 如书写教差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次； 评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 第一档（差）（1-6分） 未完成试题规定的任务 * 明显漏掉一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容 * 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限 * 较多语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解 * 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯,高考书面表达评分原则,第二档（较差）（7-12分） 未恰当完成试题规定的任务 * 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容 * 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限 * 有语法或词汇错误，影响了对内

2、容的理解 * 较少使用语句间的连接词，内容缺少连贯性,高考书面表达评分原则,第三档（适当）（13 18分） 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 *虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容 * 应用的语法和词汇能满足任务的要求 *有一些语法和词汇错误，但不影响理解 *应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。,高考书面表达评分原则,高考书面表达评分原则,第四档（好）（19 24分） 完成了试题规定的任务 * 虽漏掉一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容 * 语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求 * 语法或词汇应用基本准确，些许错误主要 是尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致， * 应用简单的语句间的连接词， 使全文紧凑,第五档（

3、很好）（25-30分） 完全完成了试题规定的任务 * 覆盖所有主要内容 * 应用了较多语法结构和词汇 * 语法或词汇方面有些许错误.但为尽力使用较复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致;具有较强的语言应用能力 * 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分， 使 全文紧凑,高考书面表达评分原则,厌倦点: 语言繁琐、层次不清，令人感到单调、乏味 词汇有错误，句子结构单一、重复 表达不地道、汉语味太浓 书写潦草、令人无法辨认、无法评价 兴奋点，也就是你作文中的亮点: 语言简洁、层次清晰 选词精确，句式多变 内容连贯，表达地道，无明显错误 书写规范，卷面整洁,阅卷教师的厌倦点和兴奋点,英语作文训练的三大步,首先, 文从字顺

4、的初级阶段 其次, 多悟思变的过渡阶段 最后, 文质兼美的高级阶段,文从字顺的初级阶段,语言错误多，汉语式的句子多 多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种： （1）主谓不一致。 Father and I am going to visit her. My uncle often go to the cinema himself. （2）时态、语态混用。 The meal is so nice that we all enjoyed it very much. The old man knocked down by th

5、e car and injured badly. （3）句子成分残缺。 But the car which painted red didnt stop. The young man running in the street fast. He wouldnt able to work out the problem. We all against all forms of terrorist activities.,文从字顺的初级阶段,（4）习惯搭配乱用。 I very like the novel. Then we set off digging, planting and waterin

6、g. （5）汉式英语。 a) The car is yellow colour. b)He cost five yuan to buy a new dictionary. c)Recently our village has taken place great changes. d)The factory broke out a big fire last Sunday. e)Chinese population is many. （6）名词单、复数不分。 He will give us a talk on American film. He is one of the best player

7、 in our school.,文从字顺的初级阶段,（7）赘词现象严重。 At last, the lost boy returned back. On one day, he went to the cinema. （8）用词不当。 He doesnt want to say something about this matter. I hope you to help the girl with her homework. （9）拼写和词形变化错误。 The car hitted the old man and drived away. On his way to school, he s

8、ew a little girl. （10）前后人称不一致。 Swimming and football are his favourite sports, he likes it all his life. The little girl usually goes to school at 7 in the morning, but today he was late for school.,文从字顺的初级阶段,（11）结构错误: a)Having heard the news, her heart beat faster and faster. b) He wrote about 300

9、stories, some of them had been translated into Chinese. c)We should teach children dont play and ride bikes on the road. d)There were hundreds of students couldnt go to school because they were poor. (12)词义不清楚: a)He managed to swim across the river, but failed. b)Ive delayed to return you the book E

10、nglish Usage,which you borrowed me two days before. c)I was very difficult to refuse and had to receive her invitation.,句子表达多样性的途径 高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高级词汇、复杂句式、过渡性词语和不同的表达方式，从而增加文章的可读性和表现力。 a)改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分、倒装句、强调句、感叹句等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动活泼。 a.He got up very early to catch the bus. b.The gir

11、l, hungry and thirsty, went back home. c.We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. d.Tom knew his mistakes only then. e.The news that our football team had won came soon. f.It began to rain just at ten oclock. g.Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister. h.We were glad

12、 to see the crops and vegetables growing well.,多悟思变的过渡阶段,多悟思变的过渡阶段,b) 用复合句（定从、状从、名词性从句、并列句等）来代替简单句，使语言由松散变凝练，增强句子的连贯性和句意的表现力，使行文更富文采。 a）I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. b) I like reading. My brother lik

13、es watching TV. c) I studied Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer at school. d) I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games .I was excited. e ) The flat is in a building on Fangcao street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. f ) This is the place. I worked

14、with the farmers in the past. g) The baby is due in November. By that time, the new house should be finished. h) Mary stood in front of the window. From that place she could see her classmates playing football. i)We had to stand there to catch the offender.,c) 同位语从句与写作 1.I believe you have hardly an

15、y idea how anxious Ive been for your safety. 2.I had little idea at that time whether they were willing to give me a hand. 3.I have hardly any doubt that she can do as well as I can. 4. I have no impression what he had done before. 5. In my opinion, there seems to be a fear in him that he would be t

16、aken in by us. 6. There seems to be no possibility that high oil prices will have a profound impact on the world economy. 7. The problem must be paid attention to that more and more school children are addicted to Internet games. 8. Your suggestion made last week that we workers should get a pay ris

17、e has now been adopted. 9. Word came that our team had won the game. 10.My students hold the point that what a book says is right. 11.Dad made a promise last night that if I passed the exam, he would buy me a present. 12.It is an interesting fact that when men try to do the same things as nature doe

18、s, they usually have to do them in a different way.,多悟思变的过渡阶段,d) 多使用短语结构来简化从句或合并短句：常见的短语结构有分词短语、介词短语、名词短语、同位语结构和独立主格结构。 20) It was fine. We went out. 21) Class was over. Students rushed out of the classroom. 22) When you are crossing the street, you must be very careful. 23) If the trees were given

19、more water, they would have grown better. 24)The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news. 25) My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him. 26) The girl didnt dare to answer the question, as all the students were looking at her. 27)The girl was hardworking and car

20、eful, and she passed the test. 28)Sun Shuwei is a boy of 14. He is a world champion in diving. 29) Its a small flat. Its 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen . 30) A new railway is being built in my hometown. 31) The report is almost finished. 32）I can follow my own interests

21、. I can read books, visit museums and take computer lessons.,多悟思变的过渡阶段,精确词汇及高级词汇： 1. He will be arriving soon . He will be arriving pretty soon . 2. They poured the waste water into the river . They poured the waste water directly into the river . 3. He got angry . He got a little bit angry . 4. I d

22、ont understand . I dont quite understand . 5. If you have any problems , you can shout out . If you have any problems , just yell . 6. They planted trees around the school . They planted trees throughout the campus . 7. The police treated the whites better than the blacks. The police favored the whi

23、te over the black. 8. “What are they doing ?” he thought . “What are they doing ?” he figured .,文质兼美的高级阶段,怎样使用较高级的词汇和 “固式结构”: 1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. 2.We all think he is a great man. 3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. 4.The students there neednt pay for thei

24、r books. 5. As a result the plan was a failure. 6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow. 7. She went to Austria in order to study music. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. 9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms. 10.You can find my house easily.,文质兼美的高级阶段,使用排比

25、 Whether your tastes are modern on traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to

26、realize our potentials and to pay for our life. 长短句交替使用，体现表达节奏美 长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如：,文质兼美的高级阶段,文质兼美的高级阶段,We can imagine the beautiful surroundi

27、ngs.There are many trees along the streets.There is a clean river in the city. There are many fishes in the river.There are willow trees on the one side. There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.There are many flowers on them. 文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落： Just imag

28、ine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.Green trees line the streets.A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes around. On the one side stand rows of willow trees.On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 改写后的这段

29、文字，有长句，也有短句，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅使句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。,文质兼美的高级阶段,为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下： 时间：5月第一周 活动：（1）演唱歌曲：流行歌曲 (2 ) 器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐 （3）音乐比赛：听歌曲片段，然后猜出处 地点：届时通知 参加者请于4月20日前报名。 注意：（1）书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文； （2）可以适当增减细节； （3）词数100左右； （4）通知格式已为你写好。 参考词汇：古典classical 民间folk

30、 比赛contest 乐器musical -instruments,NOTICE The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. The aim of the activities is to enrich the lives of foreign students. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your

31、own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to a part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If youd like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The

32、place for the activities will be announced later. Come to the great fun! Students Union,文质兼美的高级阶段,文质兼美的高级阶段,过渡词的应用: 有的学生在作文中使用过多的简单句 ，成了简单句的堆砌，句子之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。有的写复杂句时，动辄用so, and, then, but, or, however, yet等，这非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。如果合理使用过渡词，将单句前后合并，形成主次关系，就能把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、意义连贯、结构严

33、谨。,使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如： 1.Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。 It is a widely accepted fact _

34、 there is a major concern around the world _ the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, _ it is _ to be true. 2.The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world, and in spring time it often overflows its banks, and the lives of many people are endangered. 此句用and把三

35、个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which, 语义就会更连贯，语言也会更流畅： The Mississippi River, _ is one of the longest rives in the world, often _ its bank in the spring time, _ing the lives of many people.,文质兼美的高级阶段,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (1) 用于“启” 的过渡词语（常用在段落或文章的开头） first, first of all, at first, in the first place, fir

36、stly, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, It is often said that As the proverb says It goes without saying that It is clear/obvious that Many people often ask,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (2) 用于“承” 的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中

37、） second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt, It is true that Eve

38、rybody knows that It, can be easily proved that No one can deny that The reason whyis that There is no doubt that To takefor an example(instance) What is more serious is that,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (3) 用于“转” 的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中） but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in an

39、y case, at any rate,nevertheless, otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of, yet, instead, I do not believe that Perhaps youll ask why This may be true， but we still have a problem with regard to Though we are in basic agreement with, yet differences will be found. Thats why

40、I feel that,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (4) 用于“合” 的过渡词语（通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中） in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, there fore, as a result, above all, thus, after all, eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion,

41、in a word, in sum, on the whole, to sum up From this point of view On account of this we can find that The result is dependent on Thus, this is the reason why we must,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： （1）2005年湖北卷 Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Ive been thinking about the q

42、uestion you asked me. _, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. _, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. _, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. _, I think it will be much m

43、ore convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. _, I think its a god idea for you to return. _ what are you waiting for?,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (2) 2005年福建卷 My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations _ that some students cheat in examinations at school. As students, we often

44、take examinations at school, _ sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. _, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at our lessons. _ when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. _, it is wrong to che

45、at in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard_ cheating in examinations. _, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.,文质兼美的高级阶段,启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (3) 2006年福建卷 _, we are what we eat. _

46、, its very important for us to form healthy eating habits: _, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will_ do harm to our health. To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit_ main food. _, wed better have meals regularly. _, we should t