高考复习情态动词课件

1、情态动词,1. 助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to, had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能： 2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “no

2、t”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。,情态动词,1.can, could, be able to （可能， 能够） 2.may, might （可以， 可能） 3.must, have to （必须， 不得不） 4.should, ought to （应该， 应当） 5.need （需要） 6.will, would （愿意） 7.dare （敢）,1. can,Can 表示能力， be able to表示经过努力而做成了 某事，相当于manage to do/suc

3、ceed in doing。有更多的时态，但不能与could连用。必须人作主语。,1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去的 可能性猜测 2. 在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做” 3.Could提出委婉请求（回答不用could）,The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home. You could have been more careful. I dont care for money because money cant buy love.,cant 不能，不可能,4.Can not / can nevertoo cannotenough无论怎

4、么也不过分；越越好；非常 I cant thank you enough since it is a good thing, we cannot do it too soon 5.Cannot help doing/cannot help but do cannot but do“禁不住；不由得；不得不” I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it. when a close friend dies, you cannot but feel sad. 6.Cannot help (to) do不能帮助做,1. May,Mig

5、ht 过去式；语气更委婉,表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是”,Eg. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.,Eg. He might have spoken to her yesterday.,委婉请求-肯定答语?(might和could表示 1.-May I smoke here? 客气、委婉) -Yes, of course/certainly/surely you may please Id rather you didnt./ Im afraid not

6、No, you mustnt youd better not please dont You may not you cant,2.-Could I use your bike? -Yes, you can. 3.-Might I ask you a question? -Surely, you may. 4.-Would you do me a favour? -Of course, I will 5.-Would you like to do it for me? -Yes, Id like/love to,1. Must,1.表示必须、应该 2.偏偏、偏要、硬要、非要（表示与说话 人愿望

7、相反或不耐烦） 3.表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句， 4.而mustnt 表示“禁止、不准许、不可以”,Must表示主观 2.Have to表示客观需求,3. must + have +p.p must do/be +adj/n,对过去事情的肯定猜测。 对现在事情的推测,Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. Why must it always rain on weekends? If you must smoke, do it outside ,please. You mustnt take photos here. Its

8、 forbidden.,Have to do（客观上实际情况）不得不做 1.There is no bus here, and you have to go on foot 2.Because it is Sunday, we dont have to go to school 3.-Must/Need we hand in our composition now? -Yes, you must -No, you neednt/you dont have to,shall,1.He shall be punished if he disobeys. 2.If you work well, yo

9、u shall have higher wages. 3.According to the law, half of his money shall be given to the city of Venice. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）,Should: 1.（表示“义务、责任、劝告、建议”）应该、应当 2.（常规推测）应该会、想必会 3.（表惊讶、遗憾）竟然、居然 4.（与疑问词why, who, how等连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等）究竟、到底 5.（用于虚拟将来的条件句中）

10、一旦、万一 6.（用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中，should 可省略）应该、必须 7.（用于以lest, for fear that, in case引导的状语从句中）以免、唯恐 8.（用于问句，表示询问、征求同意）可以、应该 Should I turn on the light?,1.You should apologize to him 2.The photos should be ready by 12:00 3.Im glad that your story should have won the first prize 4.Its a pity that he

11、should resign 5.Why should you think that way? 6.When I went out, whom should I meet but our old friend Tom! 7.If she should know the truth, she would be greatly depressed 8.Ill remind him lest he should forget it 9.Write to me in case you should need help should have done表示本应该做而未做。 Eg. You should h

12、ave been five minutes ago.,Will,Would与used to do 1.Would只能接表示动作的动词, 表示过去习惯，现在可能仍如此 He would always be the first to offer help 2.客观地、委婉地提出请求、愿望、看法等 Would you like to tell me how to get there? 3.虚拟语气的主句中 If he were in town, he would help me used to do则还可以接表示状态的动词.现在不做了 People used to think that the ea

13、rth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。） He used to be a worker, usednt he? didnt he? usent he? He didnt use/ usednt to come. Used he / Did he use to come?,need与dare need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 need作情态动词，多用于否定句和疑问句。 need没有过去式 用作情态动词 -Need I come? -我需要来吗？/Do I need to come? -Yes, you must. -需要。 You nee

14、dnt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 I dont think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 用作实义动词 You dont need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。,dare作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。dare 有过去式dared 用作情态动词 She dare not go out alone at ni

15、ght. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 How dare you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？ None of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。 Dare he cross the river?-No, he darent 用作实义动词 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 I dare say hell come again. 我想他会再来的。 If the enemy dare come, t

16、hey will never be able to get away （I dare say为固定习语“译为我想、大概”）,情态动词表推测,may /might （语气最不肯定，用于【肯、否】 定句）可能 can （语气肯定，用于【？，否，！】句 一般不用肯定句）可能 （但can表示一时的行为和情形，也可用 于肯定句）有时会，时而可能 could（较can不确定，也可用于肯定句）可能 must（语气最肯定，只用于肯定句）一定 should （表可能性、推论、推测、期待等） 按理该、估计,ought to（表可能性、揣测、猜测、期望等） 照说应该、理应 may/might have done（语

17、气不肯定） 过去可能 must have done （语气肯定）过去一定 should have done （据实推论）过去理应该 ought to have done（据实推论） 过去按理该 cant/couldnt have done（语气肯定） 过去不可能,情态动词表责备,may/might have done（语气委婉）过去 本可能做而未做 can/could have done（语气委婉）过去 本可能做而未做 should have done ought to have done（语气强烈）过去 本应该做而未做 neednt have done（无责备之意）过去 本不必做却做了 di

18、dnt need to do过去本不必做也没做,表未成实现,1.was/were to have done/had been to do 过去原打算做却没做成 2 .should would like love to have done should/would have liked/loved to do 过去本想做而没做成 3.had wanted meant, hoped, intended to do wanted meant, hoped, intended to have done 过去真该做而没做 4.had better have done过去原想做却没做成 had bette

19、r not have done过去真不该做而做了 5.would rather have done过去宁愿做而没做 would rather not have done过去不宁愿做而做了,补充说明,情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I hand in the book now? Need I finish it now?,情态动词+have+done” 表“本来” 使用情形分析,一、should have done过去本来应该 （而实际上并没有) should not have done 本不应该 而实际上却已经” 如：1、We

20、 should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却去看音乐会了。（实际上没有学习）,二、could have done 它表示过去本来能够 实际上没能做。如 1、I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本来能用12秒钟完100米的.（实际上没能） 2、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）,三、need not have done