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1、医学英语的词缀类别,1. .炎: the inflammation of / -itis,肝炎,动脉炎,扁桃体炎, 血管炎,肾炎,喉气管支气管炎,胰腺炎,盲肠炎, 卵巢炎,毛囊炎,结肠炎,前列腺炎,膀胱炎,脊髓灰质炎,脑炎,心内膜炎,胸膜炎,滑膜炎,全关节炎,肺炎。,hepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery tonsillitis扁桃体炎; tonsill/o: tosil vasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel nephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney,laryng
2、eotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎; (larynx) ( trachea) (bronchus) pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas cecitis盲肠炎; cec/o: cecum,ceca ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; ovary=oophron,folliculitis毛囊炎; follicul/o: follicle colitis=colonitis结肠炎; col/o: colon prostatitis前列腺炎; prostat/o: prostate cystitis膀胱炎; cyst/o: bla
3、dder, cyst poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎; poli-: grey; myel/o: bone marrow, spinal cord(骨髓),cephalitis脑炎; cephal/o: head endocarditis心内膜炎; cardi/o: heart pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura synovitis滑膜炎; synov/o: synovia panarthritis全关节炎;pan-: all; arthr/o: joint pneumonia肺炎,2. 痛,headache, stomachache .the pain of ;
4、ache, -algia; -agra; -dynia神经痛,胸痛,乳突痛,乳痛,心痛, 足痛风, 胃痛,关节痛, 头痛,腹痛,腿痛,胸骨痛,剑突痛,neuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve; thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛; pector/o: thorac/o: chest mastoidalgia乳突痛; mastoid:乳突 mastalgia乳痛; mast/o: breast algometer测痛仪,cardiodynia心痛 podagra or podalgia足痛风; pod/o:foot; gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o:
5、gaster, stomach arthralgia关节痛; arthr/o: joint cephalodynia头痛; cephal/o: head abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen,skelalgia腿痛; skel/o: skelos, leg sternodynia胸骨痛; stern/o:sternum, breat bone xiphoidalgia, xiphodynia剑突痛; xiphoid/o: xiph/o: xiphoid,3.术 operation of.,缝合术, 固定术, 切除术, 切开术,造口术,穿刺术,碎石术,折骨术, 灌
6、洗术, 成形术,结扎术, 造影术,缝合术:-orraphy aneurysmorraphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术 aneurysm:动脉瘤 切除术: ectomy: removal pharyngectomy咽切除 pharyng/o: pharynx;,固定术: -pexy: fixing hysteropexy(fixing); hysteropexia(fixing) 子宫固定术 hyster, uterus, womb (子宫) rectopexy直肠固定术 rect/o: rectum,appendectomy: 阑尾切除术 append/o: appendic/o: ap
7、pendix阑尾 gastrectomy: 胃切除术; gastr/o: gaster; stomach splenectomy: 脾切除术; splen/o:spleen,切开术: -tomy: process of cutting tracheotomy:气管切开; trache/o: trachea;windpipe 气管 hysterotomy: 子宫切开; craniotomy: 颅骨切开; crani/o: cranium, skull,nephrotomy:肾切开术; nephr/o: ren/o: kidney celiotomy 剖腹术celi/o: abdomen; bel
8、ly 结扎术: -desis: binding together aneurysmodesis: 动脉瘤结扎,切器,切刀-tome: instrument for cutting thoracotome开胸刀; thorac/o: thorax, chest胸 碎石术:-tripsy:crushing lithotripsy:碎石术 ; lith/o: stone :结石,造口/吻合术: ostomy: process of making an opening or a connection between) gastrostomy胃造口术 esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合术
9、 esophagus:食管(asfgs) duodenoenterostomy: 十二指肠吻合术 duoden/o: duodenum十二指肠; enter/o:intestine; small intestine 肠,小肠,穿刺术: -centesis:surgical puncture to withdraw fluid; 或者 nyxis: pricking穿刺 amniocentesis :羊膜穿刺术 amni/o:amnion羊膜 hyalnyxis: 玻璃体穿刺术; hyal/o:glass, glasslike, transparent玻片样的; 透明的,折(骨)术: -clas
10、ia:fracture, breaking osteoclasia:折骨术 oste/o: bone 灌洗术: -clysis:washing bronchoclysis:支气管灌洗术; bronch/o:bronchus支气管,造影术: -graphy: process of recording arteriography: 动脉造影;arteri/o: artery phlebography: 静脉造影 phleb/o ven/o:vein angiography: 血管造影 angi/o: vessel vas/o: vessel 血管,输精管 nephrography: 肾造影 nep
11、hr/o: kidney,成形术: -plasty: surgical reshaping valvoplasty: 瓣膜成形术; valv/o: valve瓣膜 osteplasty骨成形术; myoplasty 肌成形术 my/o: muscle肌 整形术:ortho-: straight; orthopedic 整形外科的; orthopod整形外科医生; orthotherapy整形疗法,4.方位/时间方面的词缀,上: upper/superior; epi-; supra- epithelium上皮组织; supracostal上肋的; cost/o: rib肋骨 epicondyl
12、e上髁; condyle:髁 supercerebellar小脑上的; cerebell/o: cerebellum 下:lower/inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的; cutane/o: skin infratracheal气管下的; trachea=windpipe,前:front/anterior/prior/ fore-; ante-; pre-; antero- forehead前额; anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化;cirrh/o:orange硬变 antepartal产前的; part/o:
13、give birth prodroma/prodrome前驱症状: an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur,后:back/posterior/ post-; retro- postheptical肝后的; heptic/o: liver; postprandial餐后的; prand/o:meals retrocardiac心后的;cardi/o:heart postpharyngeal咽后的 ; pharyng/o: pharynx咽,内:inner/internal/
14、 in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-; inhale, inhalation吸入 endoscopy内窥镜检; -scopy:visual exam entocranial颅内的;crani/o: skull, cranium intra-arachnoid 珠网膜内的 encelitis内脏炎; celi/o: abdomen腹腔,外:outer/external/ex-; exo-; ultra-; extra-; extract抽出; exhale呼出 excretion排泄物; exocardial心外的 ultraviolet紫外线; ultra-:
15、beyond 腹膜外的:extraperitoneal; peritoneum腹膜,间:inter-; between; intermuscular肌肉间的; intercostal肋间的 interchondral软骨间的; chondr/o: chartilage软骨,副,旁: on the side of; para-; parathyroid甲状旁腺 pararenal肾旁的 ren/o: kidney parenteral肠胃外的; enter/o: intestine, small intestine,反; 对立: opposite; conter-; contra-; count
16、erpart对等物或人; countershock抗休克 contraindication禁忌症,全: pan-: whole, all pancarditis全心肌炎; pancolectomy泛结肠切除;col/o:colon结肠 panmyelosis全骨髓增生 中:mid; midabdomen中腹部 中心:central; centri-, centra-; centro- centrifugation离心; centralize v. centronucleus中心核,周:around; peri-; perioperative手术期间的, peritoneum腹膜 periade
17、nitis腺周炎; aden/o: gland pericarditis心包炎,5.颜色方面的词缀,颜色:colour, chrom-; chromo-; chromat/o; chromosome染色体; -some: body chromatin染色板 chromatometer比色计; -meter: instrument for measuring,白:white; leuk/o: alb/o:, albin/o: album-: leukocyte白细胞; leukemia白血病 leukocyteuria尿白细胞症 albinism白化病 albumin白蛋白; leukoderm
18、a白斑; derm/o: skin leukonychia白甲; onych/o: nail leukopoiesis白细胞生成 (-poiesis: 生成production,formation,黑:black; melano-; melanoderma黑皮病 melanoma黑色瘤 melanin黑色素; -in: substance(素) melanosarcoma黑肉瘤; sarc/o:flesh nigrometer黑度计; nigr/o: nigra(黑质),紫:purple purpura紫癜 粉色:pink; pink frothy sputum粉红色泡沫痰 青铜色:bronz
19、ed bronzed diabetes青铜色糖尿病,棕色:brown; brown mixture甘草合剂 brown sugar红糖 橙色:orange; ethyl orange乙基橙 蓝色:blue; cyan/o: cyanhidrosis (蓝)汗症 hidr/o: sweat cyanosis紫绀; cyanopsia蓝视症 cyanemia蓝血症,红色: red; erythro-; rub/o; erythema红斑(Greek) erythroderma=erytherodermia; 红皮病 erythromycin红霉素; myc/o: fungus霉菌 rubefact
20、ion发红(皮肤发红) n. erythrochloropia红绿视症; chlor/o: green -opia: vision bilirubin=cholerythrin胆红素; chol/o:, bil/o: bile,erythrocyte红细胞 erythrocyturia血尿 erythrometer红细胞计数 灰色:grey; poli-; poliomyelitis骨髓灰质炎; myel/o: bone marrow,青: glauc/o: greenish, grey glaucoma青光眼; glaucobilin胆青素; bil/o: bile chloroquine氯
21、奎 chlorophyll叶绿素;-phyll: leaf,黄色:yellow; xantho-; xanthoma黄瘤; xanth/o: yellow xanthine黄嘌呤 jaundice黄疸 xanthosis黄疸 xanthoma脂肪性纤维瘤,6.脏器方面的词缀,心 heart, cardio- carditis 心脏炎; cardiopuncture心穿刺术 cardiology 心脏病学; cardiologist 脑 brain encephalo-; cerebral cerebrum大脑; encephalitis大脑炎 cerebellum小脑; cerebritis小
22、脑炎,肺 lung pulmon-: pulmonary pulmonitis 肺炎; pneumonia肺炎 pulmonectomy肺切除;pulmonology肺学 肝liver,hepato-; heptatic hepatitis肝炎; hepatology肝学 hepatobiliary 肝胆的; bil/o: bile,胃 stomach, gastro-; gastric gastritis 胃炎; gastrointestinal胃肠的 gastrology胃学 胆gallbladder ; chol/o: biliary, bile cholecystits 胆囊炎; cy
23、st/o: cyst, urinary bladder囊, 膀胱 cholecyst 胆囊; gall-stone胆结石,肠 intestine; entero-; intestinal enteritis肠炎; enterectomy肠切除 脾spleen splen/o: spleen; splenalgia脾痛 algia: pain splenectomy 脾切除术 胰腺pancreas, panreatic; pancreat/o: pancreatits胰腺炎; pancreatopathy胰病,肾 kidney; nephro-; rena-; nephritis肾炎; neph
24、ropathy肾病 renal failure肾衰竭; renal portal vein肾门静脉 血 blood hem/o:; hemat/o: hematology 血液学; hemoglobin血红蛋白 hematoma 血肿; hemorrhage 出血,失血,血管 blood vessel; vaso-; cardiovasology心血管学; cerebrovascular脑血管的 静脉vein; ven-; venography静脉造影; intravenous静脉注射的; 静脉内的 venoconstriction静脉收缩; venodilation静脉扩张,动脉artery
25、; arterio-; arteriology动脉学; arteriole小动脉 arteriosclerosis动脉硬化 肌肉muscle; my/o: muscle myology 肌肉学; myocarditis心肌炎 骨髓bone marrow; myel/o: myelitis骨髓炎; myeloma骨髓瘤,神经 nerve; neur/o: neuro- neurology 神经学; neuritis神经炎 neuron神经元 细胞cell; cyte-; -cyte cytology细胞学; leukocyte白细胞 cytoma细胞瘤,尿urine uro- ; ur- uro
26、logy泌尿学; urosurgery泌尿手术 urogenital 泌尿生殖的 体 body, somat/o: -some somatology 躯体学; somatopsychic身心的 chromosome染色体,7.与检查有关的词缀,镜检:-scopy镜检法; scope镜 gastroscopy 胃镜法; celioscope;laparoscope体腔镜; 腹腔镜 celi/o: lapar/o: abodomen, belly peritoneoscopy腹膜镜检法 cardioscope心脏检查镜,,量具:-meter: instrument for measuring ca
27、rdiometer心力计; thermometer温度计 blood pressure meter血压计 densimeter密度计; density密度,心电图: electrocardiogram =ECG; eletrocardiograph心电图仪 脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEG B超:type B ultrasonic CT:computerized tomography计算机x射线断层 同位素:isotope; isotopic examination 同位素检查,尿检 urine analysis 血常规 blood routine,8.数字方面的词缀
28、,一: mon/o: uni- Monday; carbon monoxide unidirection单向的 monoclone单克隆,二:bi-; di- bilateral两侧的 biphasic双向性的 carbon dioxide dipoptide二肽,三: tri- trilateral三边的 tricycle 四: tetra- tetracycline四环素 tetraplegia四瘫 tetramer 四聚物,五:penta- Pentagon五边形 pentachromic五色的 pentachloride五氯化钠 六:hexa- hexachromic六色的 benze
29、ne hexachloride 六氯化苯(六六六),七:hepta-; sept/o: seven; septum (隔膜) heptachromic七色的 heptaploid七倍体 septangle 七边形; septotomy 房隔切开术 septostomy 房隔造口术,八:octa- octahedral八面体的 octal system八进制,九:nona- nonapeptide九肽 nonagon九边形 十:deca- decade十年 decagram十克 deciliter十分升,多: poly-; multi-; polyuria多尿; polymer聚合体 polyo
30、pia复视症;multimedia polyp=polypus息肉; pus:脓 polyoposia饮水过多; -posia: drinking polyphagia贪食症(杂食); phag/o: eating,少:-penia: -penic :deficiency,lack ; olig/o: deficiency, few agranulocytopenia粒细胞缺乏症 oliguria小便减少; hypomenorrhea=oligomenorrhea月经过少; (men/o: menstruation; -rrhea: flow, discharge) osteopenia骨质稀
31、少,大:macro-; -megaly macronucleus巨核;macrophage巨噬细胞 splenomegaly脾肿大;hepatmegaly肝肿大 小: micro-; -let microorganism; microscopy micronucleus微核; droplet小滴; platelet血小板 leaflet小叶; booklet小册,肥大: hypertrophy: -trophy: nourishiment 萎缩: atrophy 下垂: hypophysis: physis: growth eg. cerebri hypophysis: 脑垂体 pharyng
32、eal hypophysis: 咽垂体,9. 其他方面的词缀,1.怕, 畏惧 phobia: fear photophobia phot/o:light畏光 noctophobia; noct/o: night怕黑 hydraphobia恐水症(狂犬病) hydro-water xenophobia怕生客; xen/o: stranger,困难 dys-: bad, difficulty dysfunction功能障碍; dyspepsia消化不良 peps/o:digestion dyspnea呼吸困难 -pnea:breathing dysuria排尿困难 dystrophy; -trop
33、hy: nourishment营养不良,dystocia难产 -tocia: birth dystopia=dystopy异位, 错位 top/o:position dysplasia发育不良; plas/o: -plasia: formation, growth, development hypogenesis (formation)发育不全,不良 mal-: bad malnutrition营养不良; malpractice事故 malfunction机能障碍 malignant恶性的 maladministration管理不善,好, 正, eu-: good eupepsia消化良好(正
34、常) peps/o: digestion eutopic正位的: top/o: position, location eutocia顺产(正常分娩; -tocia/-toscin: labour, delivery 分娩 euesthesia感觉良好(正常) : esthesi/o:feeling eugenic优生的adj. eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing euthanasia安乐死; -thanasia: death,瘤,肿块 oma: tumor; cancer; swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤; adenoma腺瘤 hematoma血肿 血症 em
35、ia: blood condition leukemia白血病; septisemia败血症 bacteremial菌血症 anemia贫血 an-:without,高:hyper- :high,above; hyperdynamia: 肌力过度; hypertension高血压( high blood pressure) hypertonia张力/压力过高 hypertonic adj. hypersensitive hyperplasia增生 -plasia: growth,低:hypo-; low; below hypotonia hypotonic张力/压力过低(的) hypodyna
36、mia乏力(力不足); dynam/o: power, force; dynamic adj. dynamics hypotension ;low blood pressure, hyposensitive,急促: tachy-: quick tachypnea 呼吸急促 tachycardia(心动过速) 急性:acute attack急性发作 急诊:emergency 慢性:chronic,麻痹 plegia: being senseless;paralysis hemiplegia 半身不遂;panplegia全身瘫痪 pan-:whole myoplegia肌瘫 facioplegia
37、面瘫,坏死 necrosis:death,necro-;death hepatonecrosis肝坏死; necrospermia死精症; osteonecrosis骨坏死; oste/o: bone,流出 rrhea: flowing; bursting out diarrhea 腹泻; menorrhea行经(flow, discharge) hemorrhage出血(bursting forth of blood) entorrhagia内出血(bursting forth of blood) ent/o: inside, inner,狭窄 -stenosis: narrowing ar
38、teriostenosis动脉狭窄 软化 malacia; softening cerebromalacia脑软化 cerebr/o: cerebrum, brain,硬化 -sclerosis: hardening cerebrosclerosis脑硬化 疏松-porosis: passage osteoporosis(passage)骨质疏松 扩张,增大-ectasis: dilation,stretching bronchiectasis支气管扩张,止血 -schesis :holding back, suppression of discharge) hemoschesis 闭塞: r
39、hinocleisis(closure, blockage闭) rhinocleisis鼻腔堵塞; rhin/o: nose,冲洗 clysis: washing rhinoclysis(washing)鼻冲洗 弯曲 -cyllosis: -cyrtosis: crooking brachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂弯曲brachi/o:brachium, arm;,疗法:-therapy radiotherapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家) chemotherapy化疗 physiotherapy理疗 psychotherapy心理疗法 ther
40、apist治疗师,无, 没有 a- an-: without atypical 非典型性的 asexual无性的 asymptomatic无症状的 anemia贫血 anorexia厌食症 orex/o: appetite anesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception,肥胖: fat? obese adj. obesity n. 夜间盗汗; night sweats 血常规: routine blood test,休克: shock: (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused b
41、y inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor(苍白); loss of blood is an important cause of shock,中风:卒中(拉丁语) stroke cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) apoplexy: a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occ
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