大学英语语法专题之定语从句

1、,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的词叫先行词。,一. 定语从句的基本定义,The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Potter.,二 感受定语从句,先行词,关系代词,The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Potter.,University is the palce where they got poisoned.,University is a place where they got poisoned.,先行词,关系副词,关系代词的实质,1.A pla

2、ne is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.,三 关系词的实质,the machine = that,the boy =who,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词的实质,The school where I study is far from my home.,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,where=in the

3、 school,四、 常见的关系词 1. 关系代词： that, which, who whom, whose 2. 关系副词： When Where Why,1. 关系代词,who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,who,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,whom,which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾

4、语时，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,which,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.

5、,This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.,whose,(1) 用that 不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如： This is all that I want from the

6、school.,关系代词需要注意的几个点,(2) 多用who而不用that。,先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.,先行词为those, he和people时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3),whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,The novel whose title is Red

7、 and Black is very interesting.,(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.,(which/ that),who/ that,who

8、se,which/ that,who, that, whom, which, whose,I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.,1. All _ is needed is a

9、supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what 2. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that,先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导,3. Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose 4. This is the firs

10、t car _ arrived this morning. A. which B. who C. that,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导,5. I know all people _ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose 6. There is no water _ is needed badly. A. which B. who C. that 7. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. that C. in which,先行词被all, any, every,

11、few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导,8. That is the very book _ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which 9. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. A. who B. that C. which,先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导,10. The speaker spoke of some writers an

12、d some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which,先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导,11. Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory. A. who B. that C. which,主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导,1. 先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you li

13、ke to buy the same pen as I have? 2. 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.,关系代词as引导,The earth is round, _ we all know. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to all that the earth is round.,定语从句在句首时只能用as，as 具有正如之意，动词一般较固定,as的使用,Being a volunteer is

14、 such a privilege _ we all want to have. Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have it.,as的使用,that,as,2 关系副词,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in the year when (= in which) Wor

15、ld War broke out.,when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.,The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,There are several re

16、asons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.,why,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to se

17、e me?,when,on which,where,in which,why,for which,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.,(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where thi

18、s phrase can be used?,3. 非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that 引导,My watch, which is very old, stopped again.,非限制性定语从句的定义,This is the best book that I have read.,This is a good book, which is easy to understand.,非限制性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别,This is a good book,This is

19、 the best book,that I have read.,which is easy to understand.,限制性定语从句若省去，主句的意思就不明确，主从句之间不用逗号隔开。 而非限制性定语从句则不然。,This is a good book,This is the best book,that I have read.,which is easy to understand.,that=the book,Which= this is a good book,限制性定语从句的先行词：名词或代词， 非限制性定语从句的先行词:可以是词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。,区别一：as引

20、导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中； 而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。,The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.,As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.,关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句,区别二： as多用于下列习惯用语中,as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样