防爆除尘原理介绍.ppt

1、1,Dust explosion protection for filters methods, requirements and mistakes 过滤器粉尘防爆保护-方法，要求及误区,Presentation简介,2,Dust Explosion Protection Reasons 粉尘防爆保护-原因 Dust Explosion Protection Legislation 粉尘防爆保护-法规 Dust Explosion Protection Methods 粉尘防爆保护-方法 Dust Explosion Protection Examples 粉尘防爆保护-举例 Question

2、s and Answers 问题与答案,Program程序,3,Dust Explosion Protection Reasons 粉尘防爆保护-原因 Why we need it? 我们为什么要做防爆保护？ Why is it so important? 为什么防爆保护如此重要？ Why should we solve it with delivery? 为什么我们要在交付时就解决这个问题？,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,4,Wheat Silo Kansas, USA, 8.6.98 美国小麦仓储，98年6月8日,Why we need it? W

3、hy is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery?,Silo being prepared for harvest 储仓是为收获做准备 Cleaning (wheat dust) 清洁（小麦粉尘） Failure (mechanical parts in elevator hot surface) 爆炸源（电梯的机械部件-热表面） First explosion in central part (elevator) of the building 首先在大楼的中心部位（电梯）发生爆炸 Elevator damaged 电梯损

4、坏 Explosion propagates outside (secondary explosions) 爆炸向外传播（二次爆炸） Consequences 后果 Several fatal injuries 几个人受伤致命 Destroyed building 大楼被毁,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,5,Wheat Silo Kansas, USA, 8.6.98,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery?,Dust Explosion

5、Protection - Reasons,6,Power Station Otrokovice, CZ, 9.9.03 发电站，奥特罗科维采 （捷克共和国的一个小镇），03年9月9日,Belt conveyors started after 3 week break 皮带传动损坏3周后重新启动 Cleaning and brake (dry fine coal dust) 清洗和制动（干细煤尘） Service (welding hot particles) 现场维修（焊接-焊渣） First explosion in tension part of belt conveyor 首先拉紧的皮带

6、传动部分发生爆炸 Two of three explosions followed 接着又发生了二次爆炸 Consequences 后果 Tunnel and building damage 隧道和建筑物被毁,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery?,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,7,Power Station Otrokovice, CZ, 9.9.03,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Wh

7、y should we solve it with delivery?,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,8,Wood factory Slovakia, 28.2.08 木加工厂，斯洛伐克 08年2月28日,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery?,Grinding line 磨削作业 Dry and fine wood dust 干细的木质粉尘 Failure (iron piece in the wood board) 故障源（木板上有铁

8、件） First explosion in the line 作业线上发生首次爆炸 Secondary explosion and fire followed 接着发生二次爆炸以及火灾 Consequences 后果 Destroyed building for grinding (2 mil. ) 磨削工厂被毁（两百万欧）,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,9,Wood factory Slovakia, 28.2.08,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with

9、 delivery?,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,10,Sugar Plant Georgia, USA 8.2.08 糖加工厂-美国乔治亚州，08年2月3日,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery?,Explosion followed by fire 爆炸后起火 Sugar 糖 First explosion in expedition sugar bin 首次爆炸发生在糖储罐内 Secondary explosions follow

10、ed 接着发生二次爆炸 Consequences 后果 6 fatal injuries, over 100 injured 6个人致命，超过100人受伤 Destroyed plant 厂房被毁,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,11,Sugar Plant Georgia, USA 8.2.08,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery?,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,12,Dust Explosio

11、n Protection Reasons 粉尘爆炸保护-原因,We must eliminate hazard for individuals 我们必须降低风险 We must avoid damages (time and money loss) 我们必须避免伤害（时间与财产损失） We must solve it in delivery (than could be late) 我们必须在系统交付时就解决这个问题（否则为时太晚）,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,13,Dust Explosion Protection Legislation 粉尘爆炸

12、保护-法规 What are key ATEX directives? 主要的ATEX指令？ What else except ATEX directives? 除了ATEX指令还有什么？ Why are standards so important? 为什么标准如此重要？,Dust Explosion Protection - Legislation,14,European directive 99/92/EC (ATEX 137) 欧洲指令标准99/92/EC（ATEX 137） The goal is to ensure the same minimal safety level for

13、 employees across the EU members 目标是为了保证欧盟成员国的雇员相同的最低安全水平 Defines requirements for employers 定义雇主要求 They must improve health and safety protection of workers 提高工人的健康和安全保护 EPD (risk assessment, zone classification, prevention and protection measures, in written form) EPD（以书面形式定义风险预测，区域分类，预防及保护措施）,Leg

14、islation key ATEX directives 法规-关键的ATEX指令,European directive 94/9/EC (ATEX 100) 欧洲指令标准94/9/EC（ATEX 100） The goal is to ensure the same minimal safety level of products intended for use in explosion atmosphere 目标是为了保证易爆环境使用的产品保持相同的最低安全水平 Defines requirements for manufacturers 定义制造商要求 They must classi

15、fy the product into the categories 必须按照指定类别分类 They must follow the procedure for assessing the conformity 必须遵循评估程序 Deliver product with EC Declaration of conformity and properly marked 提供符合EC符合声明的产品并适当标注,What are key ATEX directives? What else except ATEX directives? Why are standards so important?,

16、Dust Explosion Protection - Legislation,15,ATEX 100 is required since 7/2003 There were no EU standards at that time 从2003年7月开始使用ATEX100，当时没有欧盟标准 EN 14797 for venting (membranes) is valid since 2006 EN 14373 for suppression is valid since 2005 EN for isolation is not valid yet (prEN 15089) What is t

17、he consequence? 结果是什么？ Certification according to ATEX is required since 2003 There were no NEW standards, so the certification was made according to OLD standards but producers have got the ATEX certificates As the EC certificates have had no time limit in validity the protective systems can be app

18、lied until the manufacturer changes the design What is new in EU standards? 欧盟新标准？ Efficiency tests Many time and money consuming tests without certainty that it successfully pass Can be protective systems with ATEX“ certification without any other information applied? 没有其他信息适用的情况下保护系统是否可以带ATEX标志？ N

19、O it says nothing about present required legislation FIRST we have to check the standards they are approved according to,EU Standards for Protective Systems 保护系统的欧盟标准,What are key ATEX directives? What else except ATEX directives? Why are standards so important?,Dust Explosion Protection - Legislati

20、on,16,Dust Explosion Protection Legislation 粉尘爆炸保护-法规,There are two the most important ATEX directives (ATEX 100 and ATEX 137) 有两项非常重要的ATEX指令（ATEX100和ATEX137） The text ATEX“ in EC certificate number is not sufficient ATEX标志在EC认证标示中是不够的 The standards according which the protective systems are certifi

21、ed must be check too,Dust Explosion Protection - Legislation,17,Dust Explosion Protection Methods 粉尘爆炸保护-方法 Pressure resistance 耐压 Venting 泄压 Suppression 抑制 Isolation 隔离 Combination (anything with isolation) 组合方法（上述任意一个与隔离装置组合）,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,18,Pressure resistant vessels耐压容器,Pr

22、essure resistant vessels for PMAX 耐压容器PMAX According to dust with highest PMAX in vessel 根据容器中粉尘的最高压力制造 Pressure resistance is above PMAX 可承受压力高于PMAX Without plastic deformation 无塑性变形 Pressure shock resistant vessels for PMAX 抗冲击压力容器PMAX Plastic deformation is allowed 允许塑性变形 Pressure shock resistant

23、 vessels for PREDMAX 抗冲击压力容器PREDMAX When protective systems are used 当使用保护系统 Pressure resistance is above PREDMAX 压力耐受高于PMAX Plastic deformation is allowed 允许塑性变形,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,19,Pressure shock resistant vessel show 抗冲击压力容器,Pressure resistant vessels for PMAX,Pressure shock re

24、sistant vessels for PMAX,Pressure shock resistant vessels for PREDMAX,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,20,Explosion venting爆炸泄压装置,Explosion passes without any intervention 爆炸没有任何阻挡的泄出 The area large enough opens by pressure in the vessel 容器上要有足够大的开口释放压力 Flame, pressure, burned and unburned mixtur

25、e is released out of the vessel 火焰，压力以及燃烧混合物从容器中释放出来 PREDMAX is below the pressure resistance of the vessel PREDMAX低于容器的耐压力 Bursting membranes, valves, flaps, etc. 爆破膜，阀门，翻板阀等 They are not intended to be used in indoor applications 这些装置不适用于室内安装 Used in combination with isolation 与隔离阀组合使用,Dust Explos

26、ion Protection - Methods,21,Explosion suppression爆炸抑制,Explosion is extinguished 爆炸被提前抑制 The explosion is detected at beginning and the extinguishing agent is injected into the protected vessel 爆炸从一开始就能检测到，灭火器就会向保护容器内喷灭火剂 PREDMAX is below the pressure resistance of the vessel PREDMAX低于容器的耐压力 Explosio

27、n suppression system consists of control unit, detector (pressure or flame) and action elements 爆炸抑制系统包括控制单元，检测装置（压力或火苗）及执行元件,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,22,Explosion isolation爆炸隔离,The goal is to avoid explosion propagation to connected vessels through the pipe(s) 目的是防止爆炸沿着管道扩散到相连的设备 Mechani

28、cal isolation stops flame and pressure by closing the pipe 机械式隔离装置通过关闭管道来阻止火焰和压力 Mechanical isolation is made by dumpers, valves, flaps, Ex proved rotary valve 机械式隔离装置：阀门，板阀，防爆认证旋转阀组成 Chemical isolation stops explosion flame by extinguishing 化学隔离装置是用灭火剂灭火防止爆炸 Chemical isolation system consists of co

29、ntrol unit, detector (flame or pressure) and action element(s) 化学隔离装置的组成包括控制单元，检测装置（火苗或压力）和执行元件,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,23,Dust Explosion Protection Methods 粉尘爆炸保护-方法,There are four ways how to protect the devices (containment, venting, suppression, isolation) 有四种方式（阻挡，泄压，抑制，隔离 ） Any of

30、containment, venting or suppression must be combined with isolation 以上任一种方式都必须与隔离装置组合使用,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,24,Dust Explosion Protection Examples 粉尘爆炸保护-举例 Filter protection description 过滤器保护 Filter venting 过滤器泄压 Filter suppression 过滤器抑制,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,25,Dust E

31、xplosion Protection Examples,INPUT PIPE,ROTARY VALVE,FILTER,OUTPUT PIPE,FAN,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,26,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,EXPLOSION - flame and

32、 pressure propagation toward aspirated places - pipe damage,EXPLOSION - flame propagation to following devices - spark and hot particles transport to following devices - valve damage,EXPLOSION - filter damage,EXPLOSION - flame and pressure hit - burned mixture,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,27

33、,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,What should we know for design?设计时我们应该了解：,Indoor (how far from the outer wall or roof) or outdoor installation 室内安装（距外墙或屋顶的距离）还是室外安装 Dimensions of the filter, its pressure resistance and real installa

34、tion to avoid problems with recoil forces 过滤器的尺寸，耐压力以及实际安装，避免反冲力等问题 Type of the dust and its explosion characteristics (KST and PMAX) 粉尘类型和爆炸特性(KST and PMAX) Conditions outside the filter (free space or no, people, traffic, obstructions, explosive atmosphere, etc.) 过滤器的外部条件（空间，人员，通道，障碍，易爆气体等） Possib

35、le placement and area for venting on the filter body 过滤器本身可能的通风位置和面积 Certified protective systems according to EN 14797 通过EN14797认证的保护系统 Activating pressure and its possible difference 激活压力及可能的区别 Relief area of used membrane(s) 使用的爆破膜释放面积,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,28,Dust Explosion Protec

36、tion Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Venting major mistakes 通风-主要误区,Venting is simple and cheap泄压简单便宜？ Depends on installation place, type of the dust, filter pressure resistance and connected vessels (more complex more expensive) 取决于安装位置，粉尘类型，过滤器耐压力以及相连的容器（越

37、复杂越昂贵） Venting itself is sufficient for filter explosion protection对于过滤爆炸保护泄亚就足够 ？ NO direction toward aspirated places and devices behind the filter (below hoper) must be protected by isolation 绝不是-过滤器送气的位置和背后的装置必须进行隔离保护 Venting for outdoor installation is no problem室外安装的泄压没有问题？ Depends on possibil

38、ity to define safety zone for venting 取决于泄压安全区域的划分 Venting for indoor installation can be solved by exhaust pipe of any length 室内安装的泄压可以使用任何长度的排气管来解决？ NO longer exhaust pipe higher reduced overpressure; must be possible to define safety zone for venting outside the building 绝不是-较长的管道较多泄压阻力；必须有可能确定建筑

39、物外的通风安全区 One standard solution can be used for all cases一个标准的解决方案适用于所有案例 NO standard solutions have limits max. KST and PMAX, max. length for exhaust pipes etc. 绝不是-标准方案有限制- max. KST 和 PMAX废气管的长度等,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,29,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection descriptio

40、n Filter venting Filter suppression,When KST and/or PMAX rise you need either larger relief area or filter with higher pressure resistance 当KST和/或PMAX值增加时，你需要更大的释放面积或更耐压的过滤器 When using exhaust pipe you should use larger relief area or you need filter with higher pressure resistance 当使用废气管时，需要更大的释放面积

41、或更耐压的过滤器 Maximal flame length doesnt depend on the PREDMAX but only on filter volume 最大的火焰长度并不取决于值，而是取决于过滤体积 Recoil forces 反冲力,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,30,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,1. VENTING泄压 - dust characteristic

42、s粉尘特性 - filter dimensions过滤器尺寸 - filter resistance过滤阻力 - membrane parameters爆破膜参数 - placement of membrane(s)爆破膜的安置,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,31,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,2. ISOLATION隔离 - rotary valve旋转阀 - ex proved防爆

43、认证 - stop in case of explosion一旦爆炸，立即停止,1. VENTING泄压,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,32,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,3. ISOLATION隔离 - Mechanical机械式 - Chemical化学式,2. ISOLATION隔离,1. VENTING泄压,Dust Explosion Protection - Example

44、s,33,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,3. ISOLATION隔离 - Mechanical机械式 - pressure and flame压力和火苗 - installation distance from the filter过滤器的安装距离,2. ISOLATION隔离,1. VENTING泄压,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,34,Dust Explosion Protecti

45、on Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,3. ISOLATION隔离 - Chemical化学式 - only flame只有火焰 - installation distance from the filter距离过滤器的按汉族昂距离 - extinguishing distance toward aspirated place朝向送气方向的灭火距离,2. ISOLATION隔离,1. VENTING泄压,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,35

46、,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Complete protection requires 完全保护需要： Venting of the filter过滤器泄压 Filter dimensions 过滤器尺寸 Dust characteristics 粉尘特性 Membrane parameters 爆破膜参数 Recoil forces 反冲力 Determination of safety zone 安全区的划分 No exp

47、losive atmosphere, NO people, NO obstructions 无易爆气体， 没有人员，没有障碍 Maximal length of flame depends only on filter volume and is more than 10 m long 火焰的最大长度取决于过滤器的体积，并超过10m Isolation of material output from hoper 出口隔离 Ex prove solution (no flame pass through in case of explosion; sufficient pressure resi

48、stance) 防爆认证方案（一旦爆炸没有火焰通过；耐压力足够） Stop in case of explosion (no transport to following devices) 一旦爆炸立即停止（不会传输到相连的设备） Isolation of input filter pipe 过滤器进风管道隔离 Mechanical or chemical isolation in required distance 在所需距离内进行机械式或化学式隔离 Pipe with required pressure resistance 耐压管道,Dust Explosion Protection -

49、 Examples,36,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,What should we know for design? 我们设计方案需要知道哪些数据？,Dimensions of the filter and its pressure resistance 过滤器的尺寸和耐压力 Type of the dust and its KST (PMAX) 粉尘类型及其KST (PMAX) Conditions inside the f

50、ilter (barriers and pressure levels and changes in operation) 过滤器的内部情况（障碍，压力水平及运行变化） Certified protective systems according to EN 14373 经过EN14373认证的保护系统 Design has to be made by producers they only know the system efficiency and from that reason are able to design the protection 设计需由生产商提出-他们知道系统效率，因

51、此能够设计出相应的保护措施,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,37,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Suppression major mistakes 抑制-主要误区,Suppression is expensive so venting is always better 抑制系统比较昂贵，所以泄压总是比较好 NO there are many applications where venting isnt right solution 不-有许多泄压案例方案并不正确 More expensive generall

52、y yes but if the wall is made of concrete with steel ropes (?), filter must be moved on the roof of the building to determine required safety zone (?) 更贵-一般是这样，但是，如果墙面是由钢筋混凝土组成，过滤器就必须移至建筑物的屋顶来确定所需的安全区 Suppression itself is sufficient for filter protection抑制系统本身对于过滤器保护就足够了 NO direction toward aspirat

53、ed places and devices behind the filter (below hoper) must be protected by isolation不-向过滤器送气的方向和过滤器后的装置必须进行隔离保护 Suppression neednt to be combined with isolation if there isnt explosion concentration in input pipe如在进风口管道没有达到爆炸浓度，抑制系统不需要与隔离装置组合使用 NO flame and pressure propagates through pipe either 不-

54、火焰和压力仍会通过管道扩散 One standard solution can be used for all cases 一个标准方案适用于所有案例 NO standard solutions have limits given by its efficiency max. KST and PREDMAX, number of action elements, etc. 不-效率决定了标准方案有所限制-最大KST 和 PREDMAX值，动作元件的数量等,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust E

55、xplosion Protection - Examples,38,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,1. SUPPRESSION抑制 dust characteristics 粉尘特性 filter dimensions 过滤器尺寸 filter resistance 过滤器耐压力 suppression parameters 抑制参数 suppression effectivity 抑制效率,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Pro

56、tection - Examples,39,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,2. ISOLATION隔离 - rotary valve旋转阀 - ex proved防爆认证 stop in case of explosion 一旦爆炸立即停止,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,40,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,3.

57、ISOLATION隔离 - Mechanical机械式 - Chemical化学式,2. ISOLATION隔离,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,41,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,3. ISOLATION隔离 - Mechanical机械式 - pressure and flame压力和火焰 - installation distance from t

58、he filter距离过滤器的安装距离,2. ISOLATION隔离,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,42,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,3. ISOLATION隔离 - Chemical化学式 - only flame只有火焰 - installation distance安装距离 - extinguishing distance灭火距离,2. ISOLATION隔离,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,43,Dust Explos