fast reading 快速阅读.ppt

1、A,1,Fast Reading By Qin Yan,A,2,A,3,传统阅读： 文字信息对眼睛产生光学刺激； 视网膜把这种物理过程转化为神经活动的生物过程，传送到大脑的视觉中枢； 视觉中枢处理后传达到语言中枢； 语言中枢再传递到听觉中枢； 听觉中枢传输到记忆中枢。 这是一个自己读给自己听的过程，即使是高水平的默读也是如此，只不过外部动作控制得比较好罢了。所以，一般人在以传统阅读法阅读时，实际上是在“读书”，而不是在真正“看书”。,A,4,快速阅读（“眼脑直映”式阅读）： 文字信息对眼睛产生光学刺激之后所产生的整体文字图像，直接传送到右脑以图像的形式记忆住； 大脑将文字图像解析出来。 速读这

2、种“眼脑直映”式的阅读的方法省略了语言中枢和听觉中枢这两个可有可无的中间环节，即文字信号直接映入大脑记忆中枢进行理解和记忆。这实际上是一种单纯运用视觉的阅读方式。所以说“眼脑直映”式的快速阅读，才是真正的“看书”。,A,5,传统阅读模式图： 眼睛视觉中枢语言中枢听觉中枢理解记忆 快速阅读模式图： 眼睛视觉中枢理解记忆,A,6,快速阅读的要领： 要用眼睛读，不要用声音读。 在阅读文章时，将所看到文字直接在大脑中唤起意识。阅读时人的眼睛处于运动和停顿的交替过程中，只有在眼停时才能感知字句，每次眼停时感知的文字量愈大，阅读的速度就愈快；眼停的次数越少，阅读的速度也越快。换句话说，阅读时要尽量摄入较大

3、的文字信息量，每次眼停时不是感知一个字、一个词，而是要感知整句话或整段文字。,A,7,快速阅读的主要方法： 略读（skimming） “全景式”通览全文，快速了解大意和主题思想。读者要有选择性的忽略阅读材料中的部分内容。 寻读（scanning） 用较短的时间快速扫视文章，迅速定位某一具体事实或某一特定信息。在寻读时，一般要对查找的资料比较熟悉，并带着问题去阅读。,A,8,测试重点,快速阅读理解要求考生运用略读(skimming)和寻读(scanning)的技能从篇章中获取信息。 略读：考核学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想的能力。阅读速度约每分钟100词。 寻读：考核学生利用各种提示

4、，快速查找特定信息的能力。如数字、大写单词、段首句或句首词。,A,9,命题趋势,采用1-2篇较长篇幅的文章或多篇短文，总长度约为1000词； 要求考生在15分钟内完成10道题目； 7选择+3填空 7判断+3填空 命题顺序基本与文章顺序保持一致； 命题以细节题为主，基本从原文可直接找到答案。,A,10,解题步骤,浏览全文 大标题、副标题、段落标题、各段首尾句 读题目，确定关键词 明显：数字，专有名词，特殊标点； 不明显：题干中核心的名词、动词等。 3. 根据关键词到文章中定位对应信息。,（略读）,（寻读）,（仔细阅读）,A,11,技能训练,集中注意力； 略读； 寻读； 猜测词义。,A,12,集中

5、注意力方法一,A,13,集中注意力方法二,数数字：准备好钟表 顺跳数 从数字2开始数，每次增加2，数到300。 2、4、6、8298、300。 结果评定：,A,14,集中注意力方法二,2. 倒跳数 从数字300开始数，每次递减2，倒数至0。 300、298、2964、2、0。 结果评定：,A,15,集中注意力方法三,A,16,步骤： 视线集中在表的中心，以便看清表的全貌。 眼镜离表的距离为30-50公分。 按数字排列排顺序、不同的要求找全81个数字。如开始不习惯，可用铅笔或手指加点。 熟练后，只靠视线移动来寻找，不必加点。 每天练整套表一次，不要过分疲劳。,A,17,略读,能迅速的找出阅读材料

6、的中心思想。通常从以下三方面入手： 1. 标题； 2. 语篇结构； 3. 语篇标志词。,A,18,标题包括文章标题和各级小标题。标题通常是对文章主旨的高度概括或提炼，有的标题直接揭示了文章的主要内容。小标题可以帮助读者迅速了解该部分的具体内容，有助于读者寻读时迅速定位所需信息的大体段落位置。,标题,A,19,Stars Billions and Billions Appearance Life Cycle Questions: How many stars can we see with the naked eye on a clear, dark night? Which is NOT tr

7、ue about the appearance of stars according to the passage? According to the passage, what is TRUE about a stars lifespan?,A,20,Six Tips for Safe Snowboarding Protect Your Wrists Try to Avoid Snowboarders Ankle Protect Your Knees Avoid Head Injuries Steer Clear of Collisions Guard Against the Element

8、s Questions: How to protect your wrists when snowboarding? How can a snowboarder avoid a common foot injury? In order to protect their knees, what kinds of basic precautions should snowboarders always take? Why is a snowboarder likely to be injured even when wearing a snowboarding helmet reinforced

9、at the sides of the head?,A,21,文章的整体结构一般由引言、主体和结论组成。而文章的中心思想常常在起始段和结尾段给出。因此阅读时要特别注意文章的起始段和结尾段。 段落的中心思想常常体现在主题句中。主题句可能位于段首、段中或段尾，也可能没有主题句。但是，有经验的读者首先会特别注意每个段落的段首和段尾，如果在段首或段尾没有找到主题句，在采用其它的阅读策略，这样可以尽可能的节省阅读时间。,语篇结构,A,22,Choosing a birthday present for a friend for family member is fun, but it can be di

10、fficult. The present should be personal and has to be thoughtful. For example, the best birthday present I ever got wasnt fancy or expensive. Last year my mother gave me a photo of my father when he was my age. He is standing with his mother and father (my grandparents) in front of their house, and

11、he looks happy. I think of my father every time I see that photo. It was a perfect birthday present. Q: What is the topic of the paragraph? Celebrating birthday. B. The writers family. C. Choosing presents. D. A photo of my father.,A,23,We communicate a great deal, researchers have found, with our b

12、odiesby the way we move, sit, stand and what we do with our hands and heads. Imagine a few people sitting in a waiting room: One is tapping his fingers on his briefcase, another keeps rubbing his hands together, another is biting his fingernails, still another grabs the arms of his chair tightly and

13、 one keeps running his fingers through his hair. These people arent talking but theyre “saying” a lot if you know the “body language” theyre using. Main idea: We communicate a great deal with our body movement.,A,24,语篇标志词,文章或段落中，通常会有语篇标志词，也叫过渡词。语篇标志词表明了各语言单位之间的关系，可以帮助阅读者快速准确地把握语篇的脉络发展及组织结构。 例： Q: Wh

14、ats the best title for this paragraph? A. I Never Make My Bed B. Why I Dont Make My Bed C. A Tidy Bedroom Is Cozy D. Making Bed Is a Good Habit,A,25,Ever since I moved into my own apartment last fall, I have gotten out of the habit of making my bed except on Fridays, of course, when I change the she

15、ets. Although some people may think that I am a slob, I have some sound reasons for breaking the bed-making habit. In the first place, I am not concerned about maintaining a tidy bedroom because no one except me ever ventures in there. If there is ever a fire inspection or a surprise date, I suppose

16、 I can dash in there to fluff up the pillow and slap on a spread. Otherwise, I am not bothered. In addition, I find nothing uncomfortable about crawling into a rumpled mass of sheets and blankets. On the contrary, I enjoy poking out a cozy space for myself before drifting off sleep.,A,26,表示时间顺序：firs

17、t, later, next, finally, before, after, now, previously, last, then, when, immediately, formerly, subsequently, meanwhile, presently, initially, ultimately 表示举例: for example, such as, for instance 表示列举：I,II,III,finally, furthermore, 1,2,3, first, second, third, last, another, next 表示递进或增加信息：also, in

18、 addition, and 表示概括：thus, in short, to conclude, in brief, in the end, in summary, in conclusion, to sum up, finally, therefore, ultimately 表示因果：because, accordingly, for this reason, hence, resulting, as a result, so, then, thus, therefore, since, consequently,A,27,寻读,所谓寻读，是用较短的时间快速扫视文章，迅速定位某一具体事实或

19、某一特定信息。在进行寻读时，我们一般要对查找的资料比较熟悉，并带着问题去阅读。 考试题主要考察考生是否掌握了作者用来论证主题的有关事实细节，对文章的理解是否全面、透彻。这类问题针对文章的某个细节设置，如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等，不掺杂主观因素。快速阅读理解测试中，对此类技巧考察所占比例较大。 注意：一般来说，使用寻读技巧在文章中均可查找到答案，但问题的表述通常不用文章中的原话，而是使用同义词替换。,A,28,寻读的步骤： 仔细阅读题目，确定关键词。 根据对题干或选项的理解，预判答案可能存在的形式。 在文章中大概锁定答案所在位置。 在文章中寻找所确定的关键词。 仔细阅读关键词

20、所在句（及前后句），确定答案。,A,29,练习寻找,A,30,a regional cooperation,A,31,猜测词义,阅读时经常会碰到生词。生词不仅影响阅读速读，还可能影响考生的情绪及自信，妨碍考生对文章的全面理解。为了提高阅读效率，我们对词汇可采取不同的态度： 对于不影响阅读理解的生词，可以直接略过。 对于那些与文章的重要信息以及主要细节有关的生词，需要我们利用各种技巧来猜测其意思。,A,32,猜测词义的主要方法,根据构词法猜测词义； 根据上下文猜测词义。,A,33,根据构词法猜测词义,英语单词中有很多单词由词干和词缀组成，其中词缀又分为前缀和后缀。掌握了这些前缀和后缀，就能很容易

21、猜出词义。 还有些词是由两个或几个词复合而成的（复合词），把这些词进行拆分后就能得出其词义。,A,34,前缀,multi- many bene- good bi- two circum- around micro- small contra-, anti- against hyper- above, beyond, excessive hypo- under, beneath, down inter- between intro-, intra- within mis- wrong,A,35,前缀,post- after pre- before re-, retro- back, again

22、semi- half, partly sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- under super- above, greater, better trans- across tri- three ultra- beyond, excessive, extreme uni- one,A,36,后缀,-able, -ible, -ble capable of, fit for -ate to make -er, -or one who -fy to make -ic, -al relating to, having the nature of -ism actio

23、n or practice, theory or doctrine -ist one who Ity condition, quality, state of being,A,37,后缀,-ize to make -ness condition, quality, state of being -ous, -ious, -ose full of, having the qualities of -tion, -ation condition, the act of,A,38,词根,-anthro-, -anthropo- human -arch- first, chief, leader -a

24、ster-, -astro-, -stellar- star -audi-, -audit- hear -auto- self -bio- life -capit- head, chief -chron- time -cycle- circle -corp- body,A,39,词根,-dic-, -dict- say, speak -geo- earth -graph-, -gram- write, writing -homo- same -hydr-, -hydro- water -log-, -ology- speech, word, study -man-, -manu- hand -

25、mega- great, large -mit-, -miss- send -morph- form, structure,A,40,词根,-mort- death -onym-, -nomen- name -pathy- feeling, disease -phil- love -phon- sound -pod-, -ped- foot -pon-, -pos- put, place -polis- city -port- carry -psych- mind,A,41,词根,-scrib-, script- write -sequ-, -secut- follow -spect- loo

26、k at -spir- breath -soph- wise -tele- far -therm-, -thermo- heat,A,42,练习,1. microbe 2. phonology 3. audience 4. irregular 5. microphone 6. invisible an instrument used to make soft sounds louder not able to be seen the study of speech sounds not normal a group of listeners an organism too small to b

27、e seen with the naked eye,A,43,根据上下文猜测词义,线索： 上下文中的平行或并列结构； 上下文中表示对比关系的结构或标志词； 上下文中对生词所表示事物的目的或功能的描述； 上下文中对生词的定义或举例； 上下文中暗示的生词的感情色彩。,A,44,例 1： For students to get ahead in their life, it is quite important that they utilize their free time properly. Parents should not curb the interests of their child. You never know your child may gain expertise in that particular area. For example, if your childs interest lies in mathematics, it is advisable that you do not force him to opt for management just because management students are in great demand. Q: