模块六unit3 虚拟语气

1、Unit 3 Understanding each other,Grammar and usage,Unreal conditionals (the subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气,观察下列两个句子，根据体会说出它们的差异： 1. If it rains tomorrow, we will not climb the mountain. 2.If it rained tomorrow, we would not climb the mountain.,real conditional,unreal conditional,the subjunctive mood,虚拟语气(the

2、 Subjunctive Mood) 是用来表示说话人所说的话不是事 实，而是主观愿望、假设、建议、 推测、纯粹的空想等。,语气（mood）也是动词的一种形式变化。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。,Introduction,例1：,These doggies are sleeping very soundly.,（陈述语气）,例2：,Stop laughing!,（祈使语气）,If you kept beating me like this, I would tell your teacher.,例3：,（虚拟

3、语气）,虚拟语气的用法： 虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它 一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中的情况较复杂, 所以要特别加以注意。首先，要判断一下是否该用虚拟语气, 因为条件句有两种, 一种是真实条件句, 一种是非真实条件句, 只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气, 在真实条件句中, 要用陈述语气。,如果条件句假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说几乎没有时, 就需要用虚拟语气来表达, 也就是说,此时的条件句是非真实条件句。,非真实条件句的谓语动词形式：,与现在事实相反的条件句的结构：,条件句：过去时（be动词用were） 主句：would/could/might+动词原形,If I wer

4、e you, I should/would go at once. If I got the chance, I would want to be a lawyer.,例如：,注意:,在非正式表述或口语中，if I/he /she/it之后, 可用was代替were。两者在意义上没有区别，但是were更为正式，特别是在表述心存怀疑的事情时：,If Lucy were ready, we would start. 假如露西准备好了，我们就出发。,与过去事实相反的条件句的结构：,If you had been there last night, nothing would have happene

5、d. If the boy had got up earlier, he would have caught the bus.,条件句：过去完成时 had done 主句：would/could/might +have done,与将来事实相反的条件句的结构：,条件句：Ifwas/were/did 主句：would/could/might do,If it were sunny tomorrow, we would go camping. If I were free next Sunday, I would certainly go to your party.,注意:,在与将来事实可能相反

6、的条件句中,谓语动词还可用were to 或should +do来表示,如:,If I were to fail my driving test, I would have to take it again next month.,If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.,1)did 2)be动词用 were,should/would/ could/ might + do,should/would/ could/ might + do,should/would/could/ might +have + done,1) d

7、id/were 2)should do 3) were to do,had + done,Summary,注意： 1. 除了if 外，还要关注其它几个连词，suppose, supposing,（假如）， provided, providing,(如果）， Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. 2.用在lest(以免，免得）， for fear that（唯恐）和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用（should）+动词原形 1）She closed the

8、windows lest she catch cold. 2）The boy hid himself behind the door for fear that / in case his father (should) see him. 3) Take your raincoat in case/ lest it (should )rain.,Practice,完成凤凰学案p66自主学习A.,非真实条件句的省略与倒装：,在非真实条件句中,如果有were, had, should, 我们可以将if省略,把这些词置于从句的句首, 形成倒装,如:,If I should meet her, I w

9、ould tell her. = Should I meet her, I would tell her.(从句在前） I would tell her should I meet her.(从句在后）,If I were in your position, I would do it better. = Were I in your position, I would do it better.,If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. =Had they made preparations, they would h

10、ave succeeded. They would have succeeded had they made preparations,如果虚拟条件句中没有were, had和should则不能省略if,当然也不能倒装。,注意：,Practice,1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _ all right now. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be,2. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. shoul

11、d not have been able C. were not able D. are not able,A,A,3._today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves,4. If it _this afternoon, the English party would be ruined. A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. was raining,C,B,5. If you had rung

12、 us yesterday, we would_ you that the meeting had been put off. A. tell B. have told C. had told D. be telling,B,高考链接： It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.(2015江苏高考） A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known 1. It might have saved me some trouble if I had known the sch

13、edule. 2. If I had known the schedule, it might have saved me some trouble. the schedule, it might have saved me some trouble. (此题考察虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，省略if, 用部分倒装，但难点是if 从句放在主句后面，看起来不习惯，有点别扭）,D,虚拟语气考点总结： 虚拟语气考查的方式是根据时间正确选用符合条件的动词形式。 1）考查主句时，从句会给出时间暗示。 2）考查从句时，主句会给出时间暗示。 3）主句和从句同时考查时，则会另附一句时间暗示。 总之，根据线索正确判断时间是做好虚拟语气题目的前提。,本节课总结：今天我们主要学习了以下三个内容 辨别连词if 引导的真实性条件句和非真实性条件句。 掌握虚拟语气在if 从句中表示与三种事实相反的用法。（特别是主，从句谓语动词用什么形式） 省略if, 助动词were, should, had 放在句首