现代大学英语精读1 Unit 10 Mandela’s Garden

1、Unit 10 Mandelas Garden,Nelson Mandela,Was born on July 18, 1918; Jointly established the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) in 1944; Was imprisoned (1962-1990) Was awarded, with F. W. de Klerk, Nobel Peace Prize in 1993; Was elected the first black President of South Africa in 1994; (He

2、 and Winnie Mandela) divorced in 1996; Resigned from his office without seeking a second term in 1999,His elegant style of writing,A happy combination of abstract and specific words -abstract: liberating, fulfilled satisfaction, pride, contact, freedom, cultivate, nourish -specific: start a garden,

3、plant, watch, harvest The use of parallel structures (2,8) The use of figurative language -leaders must also look after their gardens; they, too, plant seeds, and then watch, cultivate, and harvest the results (metaphors, 9) -like gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate.

4、(simile, 9),Apartheid,The policy of white government of South Africa from 1950 to the early 1990s Discrimination (racial segregation) Three major racial groups: White, Bantu(black Africans) and Colored (people of mixed descent), added by a fourth category (Asians, Indians and Pakistanis) Where to li

5、ve, what jobs to hold, what type of education to receive No representation of nonwhites in national government 1990, formal end,Non-violence policy,Mahatma Gandhi Nelson Mandela Aung San Suu Kyi,他是现代印度的国父，是印度最伟大的政治领袖，也是现代民族资产阶级政治学说甘地主义的创始人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向 独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的“非暴力”(ahimsa)的哲学思想，影响了全世界的民族主义者和

6、争取能以和平变革的国际运动。,昂山素季（台湾译为翁山苏姬，港澳译为昂山素姬，马新译为昂山舒吉，拉丁转写：Aung San Suu Kyi，1945年6月19日）生于缅甸仰光，是缅甸非暴力提倡民主的政治家。1990年带领全国民主联盟赢得大选的胜利，但选举结果被军政府作废。其后21年间她被军政府断断续续软禁于其寓所中长达15年，在2010年11月13日终于获释。1990年获得萨哈罗夫奖，翌年获得诺贝尔和平奖。 非暴力推动缅甸民主化,Vegetable vocabulary,tomato 番茄，西红柿 asparagus 芦笋 cucumber 黄瓜 eggplant 茄子 bean 菜豆 broa

7、d bean 蚕豆 bean sprout 豆芽 bamboo sprout竹笋 beet, beetroot 甜菜 garlic 蒜 garlic sprout 蒜苗 potato 马铃薯 sweet potato 番薯，红薯 pepper 胡椒粉，辣椒 green pepper 青椒 red pepper chilli （干）辣椒 cauliflower 菜花，花椰菜 pumpkin 南瓜 cabbage 圆白菜，卷心菜 Chinese cabbage 白菜，青菜 coriander香菜 chive 细洋葱 ginger 姜,onion 洋葱 green onion叶用葱 lotus ro

8、ot 藕 rape 油菜 snake gourd 丝瓜 white/wax gourds 冬瓜 gourd 葫芦 soy 大豆 pea 豌豆 spinach 菠菜 fennel 茴香 lettuce莴苣，生菜 marrow 西葫芦 melon 香瓜，甜瓜 mushroom 蘑菇 celery 芹菜 leek 韭菜 radish 小红萝卜 carrot 胡萝卜 broccoli, broccoli 花椰菜，硬花甘蓝,In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor and arranged some type of

9、work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section. (1) the authorities: he people or organizations in charge, here it refers to the prison authorities More examples: city authorities school authorities local authorities health authorities military authorities China author

10、ities,manual labor: in the past, mandela and other political prisoners were made to work in a quarry cutting stones, which was very hard manual labor. section: the part of prison where Mandela and other prisoners were kept.,The end of manual labor was liberating.(1) This arrangement not only freed t

11、he prisoners from hard manual labor, but also saved them long trips to and from the quarry so that they now had time and energy for things they were unable to do in the past Liberating: He found the end of manual labor liberating. He felt liberated. The news was a bit surprising. Everybody was surpr

12、ised.,to pursue what became two of my favorite hobbies on Robben Island (1) pursue: to continue trying to do or achieve sth over a long period of time e.g to pursue a career, goal, hobby, etc favorite: (adj) best liked or most enjoyed e.g Who is your favorite writer? favorite: (n) 1) sth that you li

13、ke more than others of the same kind; 2) sb who is liked and treated better than others e.g Would like more apple pies? Its your favorite. His second daughter was her grandmas favorite.,To survive in prison one must develop ways to take satisfaction in ones daily life. (2) one: (formal) people in ge

14、neral, including yourself, any person e.g. Great works of literature make one think. One never knows what the weather would be. Note: in everyday English, people usually use “you” rather than “one” e.g. You know, you can be rich and unhappy. If you smoke too much, you may harm your lungs.,get satisf

15、action from sth find satisfaction in sth take satisfaction in/from sth: to feel happy or find pleasure in sth e.g. She finds great satisfaction in helping her neighbors to learn English. The boy gets satisfaction from teaching his grandpa how to use the computer. He used to take satisfaction in maki

16、ng fun of others. develop: to create sth over a period of time develop methods/plans/a new theory,One can feel fulfilled by,by,by (2) feel fulfilled: to feel happy and satisfied because you are doing useful or important things empty of sth: completely without sth e.g. The restaurant was almost empty

17、 of customers. The street was empty of traffic. organize: to arrange things so that they can be found or used easily and quickly; to put things in a particular order e.g. He spent some time organizing his bookcase at the weekend. He organized the information he had collected for the essay.,one can f

18、ind the same pride in doing small things(2) take/find pride in (doing) sth: to feel very pleased about sth or sb (Para. 2) e.g. The little town takes great pride in their recent achievements. The children take pride in wearing school uniform.,They gave in. (3) They unwillingly agreed. give in to: to

19、 finally agree to what sb wants, after refusing for a period of time (Para. 3) e.g. The factory finally gave in to the workers demand for a pay raise. When you badly want a cigarette, dont give in to it.,Give,give in to sb give up doing/sth give up to 让给 give oneself up to giveaway 赠送，送出，背叛，泄露 give

20、way 撤退， 让路， 屈服， 失去控制， 倒塌 give out 分发，散发，公布，用尽，出故障,some of my comrades joked that I was a miner at heart(4) at heart: basically; fundamentally. It is used to say what someones basic character is. In the text, the phrase is used humorously. e.g. People say that in spite of his academic success, he is

21、a farmer at heart. Even at the age of eighty, he is young at heart.,hardy plant (5) plants that can live through difficult conditions, such as cold winter or a drought through trial and error. (7) a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning fro

22、m the mistakes that you made. e.g. We have found a solution through trial and error. The best way of learning to ride a bike is by trial and error. The changed their policies after trial and error.,The sense of being the owner of the small patch of earth offered a small taste of freedom. (8) sense:

23、a particular feeling about sth the sense of being different form your peers a deep sense of despair a great sense of relief In the darkness, they felt a growing sense of danger. Too many electronic products give you an unpleasant sense of being their slave.,In some ways, I saw th egarden as a metaph

24、or for certain aspects of my life. (9) certain aspects of my life: his work as a national leader the handling of human relationship in general his marriage with Winnie in particular,mind their work (9) : to take care of sth/sb; to watch or be in charge of sth/sb (Para. 9) e.g. Whos going to mind the department office when Jane is on leave? A lot of grandp