内蒙古民居对气候环境的适应

1、内蒙古地区民居 对气候环境的适应 Climate Adaptation of Houses in Inner Mongolia,主要思路 Main ideas,内蒙古地区地域特色、文化历史、气候条件、生产方式 Inner Mongolias regional characteristics, culture, history, climate conditions, Mode of production 蒙古包的来源 The origin of yurt 蒙古包的结构形式及其各部分组成 Yurt structure and its components 蒙古包如何适应当地生产生活 How do

2、es yurts adapt to the local production and living 蒙古包的缺点及改进方向 Shortcomings and the direction of improving yurts,内蒙古地区简介 About Inner Mongolia,内蒙古自治区位于中国的北部边疆 ，全区地势较高，平均海拔高度1000米左右，基本上是一个高原型的地貌区。 Inner Mongolia lies in Chinas northern frontier, the region was quite high, the average height is about 1,

3、000 meters above sea level, it is a plateau in the landscape area. 历史：匈奴（汉）-鲜卑（隋）-柔然-突厥（唐）-蒙古（元）-满清 History: Huns (Han) - Clan (SUI) - Rouran - Turki (Tang) - Mongol (Yuan) - Qing Dynasty,内蒙古地区简介 About Inner Mongolia,气候：内蒙古自治区气候以温带大陆性季风气候为主。降水量少而不匀，风大，寒暑变化剧烈。 Climate: temperate continental climate o

4、f Inner Mongolia monsoon climate based. Few and uneven rainfall, wind, cold and heat of rapid change 水资源：河川径流地区分布不均，水资源不平衡；地下水资源平原多、山丘区少，内陆河流域更少 Water resources: the uneven geographical distribution of river runoff, water balance; groundwater resources and more plain, hilly little less inland river

5、basin 地质条件：地层发育齐全，矿产资源丰富。植物种类较丰富，土壤种类较多，有机质积累较多 Geological conditions: formation and development is complete, rich in mineral resources. Abundant plant species, soil type more, more organic matter accumulation,内蒙古地理环境分析,内蒙古地理环境分析,内蒙古地理环境分析,生产方式,畜群是他们主要的生活资料，也是他们的生产资料。狩猎是生活资料和生产资料的补充来源。游牧民族种植业比较小。,蒙古

6、包的由来 The origin of yurts,蒙古包的发展、演变过程 Yurt development, evolution,原始时代（洞室）狩猎时代(窝棚) 游牧时代(帐篷)畜牧社会(蒙古包雏形),蒙古包的组成及各部分结构 the Structure of Yurt,围墙 Wall,围墙是蒙古包的墙体结构。它是以直径不到3cm的柳条截成规定长度,等距打眼后用牛皮条或马鬃绳穿绑成网状。 Yurt wall is the wall structure. It uses less than 3cm in diameter,cutting into specified length wicker

7、, offset drilling after the rope with leather strips or wearing horsehair tied into a network,顶窗 Skylight,顶窗由木材制成圆形,并在外圈掏出一排孔眼以便插入架杆。 Round top window is made of wood, and took out a row of holes in the outer ring in order to insert the frame bar. 顶窗的尺寸决定制作蒙古包其它部件的大小。 The top of the window size dete

8、rmines the size of other parts made yurts.,顶窗 Skylight,插椽式顶窗与架杆一分为二，便于骆驼运送 Insert rafter-type roof window and frame bar devides into two parts, making it easy to be transported,架杆 Tube,架杆形似伞骨，是蒙古包屋盖部分的重要骨架,是蒙古包上半部的主体。它上联顶窗,下接围墙。 The tube looks like umbrella frame,it is an important part and main com

9、ponent of the yurt roof. It conects the top of the window and the under the fence.,立柱 Column,8片围墙以上的大型蒙古包中,为增加顶窗的稳定性在其下设2根4根支撑立柱。 8 wall above the large yurt, in order to increase the stability of the top of the window consists of 2 in its four standoffs. 柱子支撑在顶窗的下表面顶置较宽的三角形支撑架。柱 身多彩绘龙、凤、水、云等各种图案。 P

10、illars under the window in the top surface of a wide triangle overhead racks. Column Multi-body painted dragon, phoenix, water, clouds and other patterns.,门 Door,8片围墙以上的大型蒙古包中,为增加顶窗的稳定性在其下设2根4根支撑立柱。 8 wall above the large yurt, in order to increase the stability of the top of the window consists of

11、2 in its four standoffs.,内部陈设 Interior furnishings,蒙古包的室内陈设体现蒙古人“尚西”、“尚中”、“以西为尊”的观念。 Mongolian yurt furnishings reflect Advocate West, Advocate Middle“and respect for the westconcept.,蒙古包对当地气候、生产生活的适应 Yurt on the local climate, production and life adaptation,蒙古包优势特色 Competitive feature yurts,蒙古包结构具有

12、力学的优点。哈那、陶脑、乌尼三方构件完美结合，构成一个坚固的蛋壳结构，最大限度地保证自身的稳定性。 Yurt structure has mechanical advantages. Hana, Tao brain, Unni perfect combination of three components form a strong shell structure, the maximum guarantee its stability. 蒙古包适宜于游牧生活。就地取材、搭盖迅速、拆建容易、搬迁方便。 Yurt suitable for nomadic life. Local material

13、s and built the quick, easy construction and demolition, relocation easy.,蒙古包对自然条件的适应 Adaptation to natural conditions yurt,蒙古包的搭建选址非常讲究。夏营盘的蒙古包搭建在平坦开阔、高原凉爽之地,冬营盘则选择山前避风之处。这些适合气候特征的选址与蒙古包顶窗苫毡、底部围毡(哈雅布琪)的开闭相配合,使蒙古包在炎热的夏季通风凉爽、酷寒的冬季温暖祥和,仅靠草原上少量的牛粪即可维持日常的能量消耗。 Location is very particular about the yurt

14、structures. Summer Camp of yurts set up in the wide, flat plateau cool place, sheltered Piedmont Winter Camp, select place. The climatic characteristics of the site selection for the top of the window with thatch felt yurt, the bottom of the rugs (Hayabuqi) match the opening and closing, so yurt coo

15、l during the hot summer air, the depth of winter warmth and harmony, relying on the small prairie Dung to maintain daily energy consumption.,蒙古包对自然条件的适应 Adaptation to natural conditions yurt,自匈奴时代开始,蒙古包就向着太阳升起的方向搭盖,这样按照太阳照进蒙古包的日影位置,牧民就可以判断时刻,来确定和安排一天的营生。 Era since the Huns, yurts to the direction to

16、ward the rising sun corrugated, so that the sun shines into the yurt by shadow position, herders can judge time to determine and arrange the day to make a living,蒙古包的材料运用 The material the use of yurts,蒙古包的个别木构件在使用和维修中损坏,也可以单独更换。对材料的利用达到了极致。 Ger in the use of the individual timber components and repa

17、ir damage, can be replaced individually. The use of materials to the extreme 由于建造时不使用任何金属与化工材料,蒙古包报废后的废料可以在草原上就地焚烧、风化、腐烂,与草原环境迅速融为一体。 Since the construction does not use any metal and chemical materials, yurts scrapped waste incinerated in the grasslands, weathering, decay, and the rapid integration

18、 of grassland environment.,蒙古包的艺术性 The art of yurt,蒙古包的形态比例具有科学的精密性，以致蒙古族人民可凭借它准确地确定时间。 The form of yurts with scientific precision the proportion that the Mongolian people can be accurately identified by virtue of its time. 蒙古包的结构数量关系符合黄金比例，给人安全、稳定、舒适的感觉 Consistent with the structural relationship between the number of yurts golden ratio, giving the security, stability, comfort,蒙古包的哲学意义 The Philosophical Significance of yurts,白色蒙古包是蒙古族尚白的传统爱好表现，它与白色的天、白色的羊群、蓝色的天、碧绿的草原融为一体 White Mongolian yurt is a traditional h