中考英语复习课件专题主谓一致

1、welcometoourclass,找出下列句子的错误,1.thepoliceiscomimgsoon.2.thesadnewsmakemecry.3.myshoesisnew.4.therichisgoingtobelookedafterwell.5.thispairofglassesaremine.6.thefirstclassbeginateighteverymorning.,mancantbeperfect.,makes,are,are,are,is,begins,letstry.,whatdidyoulearnfromthem?,1、英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致。

2、2、有些主语虽为单数形式，但意义为复数。有些主语虽为复数形式，意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。所以，我们应保持主谓意义上的一致。,subjectverbagreement主谓一致性,主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,二、意义一致,三、就近原则,一、语法一致,一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。weoftenhelpeacho

3、ther.我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。,二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包围了这位政府官员。mathsishardtolearn.数学难学。,三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。,and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词有

4、以下两种情况：1).and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：heandiarebothstudentsofthisschool.我和他都是这个学校的学生。timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不饶人。,2).如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。,例如：a).表整体概念的并列结构：breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorderb).配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthreadtheknifeandfo

5、rkisonthedesk.刀叉放在桌子上。,2.主语后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。,3.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做什么看起来很重要。s

6、ervingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。,4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。,.everyoneofoneofeachofeitherof+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。eachofthestudentshasabook.,.oneofyourbooksisnew.,5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。如：eachofushassomethingtosay

7、.weeachhavesomethingtosay.我们每个人都有些话要说。,6.不定代词all,more,some,any,none等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。alltheapplesarerotten.所有的苹果都烂了。alltheappleisrotten.整个苹果都烂了。noneofusare/isperfect.人无完人。noneofthemoneyisleft.一点钱也没剩下。,7.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。someoneiscallingyou.有人叫你。nothingisfoundin

8、theroom.在屋里找不到什么东西。,8.名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；如：thescissorsaresharp.,而形复义单的名词如news;以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics,politics,国名如theunitedstates;报纸名如thenewtimes;书名如greatexpectations(远大前程)；以及theunitednations作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：nonewsisgoodnews.greatexpectationswaswrittenbycharlesdick

9、ensin1860.,9.集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground等。例如：thefamilyisverybig.theirfamilyarewatchingtvnow.chinesepeopleisahardworkingpeople.peoplehereareverykind.,10.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means,deer,sheep,chi

10、nese,japanese,fish等。如：noteverymeansisuseful.并非每种方法都有效。notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有效。,11.表示一类人的“the+形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。thesickintheaccidenthavebeentakentothehospital.thelosthavebeenfound.,12.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.30年的时间并不长。twohoursisenoughformetofinisht

11、hework.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。,13.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,aplentyof,percentof以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。如：apartofthestudentshavearrived.部分学生已到了。apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。,14.在表存在的therebe句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。t

12、hereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=therearetwopencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=thereareseveralbooks,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.,15.由here,there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：herecomesthebus.hereisapenandtwobooksforyou.,16.用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的

13、主语保持一致。如：neitheryounoriamwrong.neitherinoryouarewrong.notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsenjoylisteningtothemusic.,1.由and连接的并列成分指的是一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数，如果指不同的人或物时谓语动词用复数。theworkerandwriterisfromwuhan.(那个工人兼作家)theworkerandthewriterarefrombeijin

14、g.(那位工人和那位作家),谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,wechinese_ahard-workingpeoplea.isb.arec.isbeingd.arebeing,此题应选b。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子：thesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendjimtheplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudythemostimportantthingineedisbooksthebestp

15、artofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies,whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.a.isnotdecidedb.arenotdecidedc.hasnotdecidedd.havenotdecided,析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,a,every并列使用时，动词取单数。,everyboyandeverygirl_thateachdayandeachhourbrings_duty.a.know,theirb.knows,theirc.knows,itsd.know,its,b,e-mail,as

16、wellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.a.isplayingb.haveplayedc.areplayingd.play,alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagifta.isofferedb.hasofferedc.areofferedd.haveoffered,3.notonlyibutalsojaneandmary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranothera.isb.arec.amd.be4.nottheteacher,butthe

17、students_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilma.isb.arec.amd.be,5.awomanwithsomechildren_soona.iscomingb.arecomingc.hascomed.havecome6.nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis。a.knowb.knowsc.isknownd.areknown,7theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadya.hasreadb.havereadc.arereadingd.isreading8allbut（除了）one

18、_intheaccidenta.waskilledb.werekilledc.willbekilledd.arekilled,9.thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.a.were;wasb.was;wasc.was;wered.were;were10._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.a.twofifth;isb.twofifth;arec.twofifths;isd.twofifths;are,1.ourclassa

19、regoingtohikenextweekourclassarebigandclean.,2.aspeakerandwriterdoesexerciseeveryday.aspeakerandawriterdoesexerciseeveryday.,doyouknowthedifferences?,3.anumberofchinesearelearningenglish.thenumberofthestudentsareforty.,哪一句表达正确？,给句子填上is/am/are,1.there_somemilkandsomebottlesonthetable.2.neitherjimnorm

20、ary_right.3.eitheryouori_goingtoworkthere.4.notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher_happy.5.there_somesheepandachildoverthere.,is,is,am,is,are,therebe_a_and_b_either_a_or_b_neither_a_nor_b_notonly_a_butalso_b_,动词,thinkingmakesyouclever,就近原则,1.behindthehouse_(be)sometrees.2.everystudentandeveryteacher_

21、(come)toschoolontimeinthemorning.3.nomanandnowoman_(like)theseshoes.4.heorshe_(have)gonethere.5.whathesaid_(sound)reasonable.6.“i”_(be)theninthletter.,canyouworkthemout?,are,comes,likes,has,sounds,is,truegoldfearsnotthefire.,找出各句中的错误,1.anumberofstudentshasseenthefilm.2.thiskindofapplestasteverygood.

22、3.notonlymyclassroombutalsomyteacherarefondofsports.4.thegreenshasreturnedtoengland.5.thosewhoonlythinksofthemselvescanneverbehappy.6.wheneachpersoncomein,theymustshowtheirtickets.,have,tastes,is,have,think,comes,thinkcarefully,7.tenthousandpoundsarealotofmoney.8.marylikesmanyothergirlslikesdancing.

23、9.wearechinese.youtwoaregerman.10.thesingeranddancerlookveryyoung.11.fishandchipsaremyfavourite.12.nobodybutthetwinsistersknowthesecret.,icanmakeit,is,like,germans,looks,is,knows,multiplechoice:1.onthewall_twolargeportraits.a.hangsb.hangc.hangedd.hanging2.“newsofvictories_pouringinasourarmyadvances,

24、”thecompanycommandersaid.a.keepb.keptc.keepsd.havekept3.there_alotofmilkinthebottle.a.areb.isc.wered.has,4.zhangsfamily_ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.a.isb.arec.beingd.was5.nobodybutjane_thesecret.a.knowb.knowsc.haveknownd.isknown6.allbutone_herejustnow.a.isb.wasc.hasbeend.were,7.whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.a.isnotdecidedb.arenotdecidedc.hasnotdecidedd.havenotdecided8.alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.a.isofferedb.hasofferedc.areofferedd.haveoffered,1.thecountrylifehewasusedto_greatlysi