专业英语写作

1、EST Writing,科技英语写作,Teaching Project,Chapter I EST Sentence Writing(1) Chapter II EST Sentence Writing(2) Chapter III EST Sentence Writing(3) Chapter IV EST Thesis Writing(1) Chapter V EST Thesis Writing(2) Chapter VI EST Thesis Writing(3) Chapter VII EST Exposition Writing(1) Chapter VIII EST Exposi

2、tion Writing(2) Chapter IX Review Chapter X Review(2),Chapter I EST Sentence Writing (1),I. Article 1. Basic Principles ,单数可数名词前一定要有冠词，特指的名词前要用定冠词。,Translate the following sentences:,这里应该使用一根S形管。 如果在电阻器上加上电位差，电阻器中就会有电流流动。,An S-shaped pipe should be used here.,If a potential difference is applied acr

3、oss a resistor, an electric current will flow / result in the resistor. ,2. Special rules,在某些特定情况下，原本应使用冠词的地方可以不用冠词。 (1) 在图例说明中。 图2-1 典型数字计算机的方框图 图25-6 电荷环所产生的电场,Fig. 2-1 Block diagram of typical digital computer,Fig. 25-6 Electric field due to ring of charge,1) 在某些特定情况下，原本应使用冠词的地方可以不用冠词。,(2) 在定义参数时

4、。 速度是涉及大小和方向的一个矢量。 绝对误差是测得值与公认值之间的实际误差。,Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and direction.,Absolute error is the actual difference between the measured value and the accepted value.,1) 在某些特定情况下，原本应使用冠词的地方可以不用冠词。,(3) 在表示泛指时（如在between A and B, from A to B, the variation of A and B 等

5、表达式中，名词A和B前无需冠词）。 这是划分作者和教师职责的最有效的方法。 让我们考虑一下对于内径为R的圆柱型管其速度随半径的变化情况。 实验表明，欧姆定律只适用于金属导体。,This is the most effective way to divide responsibilities between author and instructor.,Let us consider the variation of velocity with radius for a cylindrical pipe of inner radius R.,Experiment indicates that O

6、hms law holds only for metallic conductors.,1) 在某些特定情况下，原本应使用冠词的地方可以不用冠词。,(4) 在解释一个式子的参数时。 F = ma where F = force m = mass a = acceleration,2) 在度量单位前必须加冠词。,电阻的单位为欧姆。,The unit of resistance is the ohm. Resistance is measured in ohms.,3) 在“人名s + 名词”结构中，人名前不加冠词；在“人名 + 名词”结构中，人名前必须加定冠词。,欧姆定律 麦克斯韦方程 比较 韦

7、恩电桥 波尔模型 雷诺数 麦克斯韦表达式,Ohms law,Maxwells equation,the Wien bridge,the Bohr model,the Reynolds number,the Maxwell expression,4) 几个并列的名词可以共用一个冠词。,“通讯”这一术语指的是以电的方式对信息进行发送、接收和处理。 音频信号发生器可以用作方便的电信号源，这些信号可以用来测试、维护、操作各种各样的电器设备。,The term “communications” refers to the sending, reception and processing of info

8、rmation by electrical means.,Audio-frequency signal generators serve as convenient sources of electrical signals that are useful in the test, maintenance, or operation of a wide variety of electrical apparatus.,4) 几个并列的名词可以共用一个冠词。,本章解释了雷达发射器、雷达接收器和雷达天线三方面的设计是如何确定雷达性能的。 万用表集伏特表、安培表和欧姆表的功能为一体。 这个电路采用串

9、联了的一个电容器和一个电阻器。,This chapter explains how the radar transmitter, receiver, and antenna design establish the radar performance.,The multi-meter includes the functions of a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter within one instrument.,This circuit employs / uses a capacitor and resistor connected in series.

10、,5) 在表达“作一研究”、“作一分析”、“作一比较”、“作一讨论”或“研究一下”、“分析一下”、“比较一下”、“讨论一下”等时，这些抽象名词前常用不定冠词。,试对那里的压力作一粗略的估算。 我们来讨论一下局域网。 压力的增加总会引起体积的减少。 本书将对这些理论作一详细的讨论。,Make a rough estimation of the pressure there.,We turn now to a discussion of local area networks.,An increase of pressure (= A pressure increase) always cause

11、s a decrease in volume (= a volume decrease).,This book presents a detailed discussion of this theories.,Translate the following sentences:,对该电路作定量分析很难。 为此， 对计算机科学要有一个充分的了解。 让我们对式（1）和式（2）作一分析。,A quantitative analysis of this circuit is very difficult.,To do this, it is necessary to obtain / develop

12、/ have a good knowledge / understanding of computer science.,Let us make a comparison of eq. (1) with / and eq. (2).,Translate the following sentences:,更为详细的解释可能有助于理解该情况。 这个讨论促使我们详细地研究一下电路。,A more detailed explanation may be helpful in understanding the situation. to understand the situation.,This d

13、iscussion leads us to a detailed study of electric circuits.,3. Special positions of indefinite articles,Translate the following sentences: 功率额定值是电阻器能够安全地消耗而又不引起温度升高太多的最大功率。 必须求出电子通过这一段导线需要多长时间。,The power rating is the maximum power the resistor can safely dissipate without too great a rise in tempe

14、rature.,It is necessary to find out how long a time is required for an electron to travel the length of the wire.,Conclusion,2)too (太) so (如此) as (那样) (as) how (多么),+ adj. + a/an + n.(sing.),1) all both,+ the +复数名词,Exercises,该机器人能提起重达100公斤的重物。 我们必须确定需要多大的面积来收集这么多的能量。 数字式传输不需要具有那么高的信噪比（S/N ratio）。 牛顿

15、并没有取得像上面那么接近的一致性。,This robot can lift as heavy a weight as 100 kilograms.,We must determine how great/large an area is required/needed/necessary to collect this amount of energy.,Digital transmission need not have as high an S/N ratio.,Newton did not obtain as close an agreement as that above.,Exerc

16、ises,对系统的控制是一门跨学科的科目。 速度等于距离与时间之比。 图5-1 Q点对晶体管工作的影响。 本文对其性能作了初步的分析。 理解二进制数系的基础是要熟悉一下“2”的各次幂。 必须确定走完全部距离的一半需要多长时间。 图1-3画出了一枚玩具“水火箭”。,The control of a system is an interdisciplinary subject.,Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.,Fig. 5-1 Effect of Q-point on operation of transistor.,An init

17、ial/preliminary analysis of its performance has been made in this paper.,Basic to(=The basis for) understanding the binary number system is a familiarity with the powers of “2”.,It is necessary to determine how long (a time) is required to cover half the total distance.,Fig. 1-3 shows a toy “water r

18、ocket”.,Review exercises,I. Correct the mistakes in the following English translation: 1. （本文）对各种相关因素进行了分析。 Analysis of various correlative factors is given. 2. 随着发送天线数的增加，该下限会愈加紧密。 This low bound becomes tighter with the number of transmitting antennas growing.,made,increasing,with the increasing n

19、umber of transmitting antennas. Or: with an increase in the number of transmitting antennas. as the number of transmitting antennas increases.,Review exercises,II. Translate the following sentences: 本书讨论CAD/CAM 的技术、应用及范围。 用三角学（trigonometry）来描述电信号已证明是很有价值的。（用名词短语来表示划线部分） 感抗（inductive reactance）与电阻之比被称为该电路的Q。 这里使用了这两种方法的结合来设计共发放大器（common-emitter amplifier）。 这两个值相差多少？ 的值太大能防止自激振荡（self-oscillation）。(用名词短语来表示划线部分) 其主要的缺点是增加了噪音。 这是一项非常困难的任