英语五大句子基本结构课件.ppt

1、句子成分与结构,语法系列,一.英语句子的基本成分有8种：,主语 (subject)-s谓语 (predicate)-v宾语 (object)-o 定语 (attribute)-attrib 状语 (adverbial)-adv补语 (complement)-c 表语 (predicative)-p 同位语(Appositive),I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,句子基本结构(5种) 1) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位

2、教授.,Revision,系动词： 1) be， seem ，appear 2) look， sound ，taste， smell， feel 3) get， turn， grow ，become， go 4) stay， remain， keep， continue,感官类,变化类,维持类,基本句型（1）：主+系+表,表语是说明主语的，如用来说明主语的 身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，通常在 系动词后。,1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupi

3、ls are on the playground now. 5) Our aim was to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.,1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim was to win mo

4、re medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.,句子基本结构(5种) 2) 主语+谓语(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了.,句子 (Sentence),Translation,1. 你应当努力学习。 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。 4. 会议将持续两个小时。,You should study hard.,She went home very late yesterday evening.,That morning we

5、talked a great deal.,The meeting will last two hours.,句子基本结构(5种) 3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) She understands French. 她懂法语.,句子 (Sentence),Translation 1.昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功地完成了计划。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,They

6、 have carried out the plan successfully.,句子基本结构(5种) 4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. 他把全部经过告诉了我们.,句子 (Sentence),翻译练习： 1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3. Mary把钱包交给校长了 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？5. 他把车票给列车员看。,1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesti

7、ng story last night. 3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.,句子基本结构(5种) 5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+V+O+C) He found George intelligent. 他发现乔治很聪明.,句子 (Sentence),Translation： 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 。,We call her Alice

8、.,All of us considered him honest.,根据所学知识，分析句子结构 1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓,7.He kept me a dictionary. 主+

9、谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 8.Shall I leave you the camera? 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 9. We find the book very interesting. 主+谓+宾+宾补 10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 主+谓+间接宾语+直宾 11.Singing makes me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补 12.Daming calls his cat Mimi . 主+谓+宾+宾补 13.Youmustlistentoher. 主+谓+宾 14.Heisascientist. 主+系+表,基本句型（6） “There

10、 be”句型 此句型是表示哪儿有什么be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如， 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been,翻译练习： 今晚没有会。 There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. 2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。 There was only a well in the village. 3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 There is (are)

11、 a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.,1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但

12、不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。 He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student),并列句,用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。,用分号： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, b

13、ut we didnt catch a thing.,句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句,并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。 e.g.

14、 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, 等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,Exercise: 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,He was tired, so he went to bed

15、.,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child didnt go out. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,He made a promise, but He didnt keep it.,The child didnt go out, because he was afraid of the dog.,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所 构成的句子,中间用从属连词连接。 主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。 从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个

16、 主句连用，不能独立存在。 复合句 = 主句 +从属连词+从句；,复合句,从属连词+从句+主句,复合句主要包含以下类型从句，包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）；定语从句和状语从句等。 ： 1. 主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 6. 同位语从句 4. 定语从句 5. 状语从句,Exercises 判断句型,1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子),(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句),3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 5. There is a chair in th