英语说明文 (Exposition)

1、英语说明文 （Exposition）,Brief introduction of exposition writing techniques exercise,What is expositoin?,说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等特征的文章。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之了解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。 常见的说明文有：解说词、说明书、书文简介、内容提要、科普小品、，商品介绍，旅游指南、操作规程和景物介绍等,结构：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干

2、个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。总-分-总。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明,writing techniques(写作技巧),1.罗列法（listing） 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，and finally加以罗列说明。Benefit of Early Rising Early rising（早起）is helpful in more than one way. First，it helps to keep us fit（健康）.We can h

3、ave a breath of fresh air in the early morning. Besides，we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise（做早操）。Secondly，early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning，and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.Thirdly，early rising enables（使能够）us to

4、 plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring，so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.Fourthly，early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work，such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our br

5、eakfast properly.,Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise，makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise.” So ,everybody should develop the good habit of early rising.,罗列法

6、经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，Secondly，And finally， We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，Secondly，And finally，,2.举例法（examples）,举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example，for instance，等词

7、语引出。,In order to prevent non-smokers from being affected, measures must be taken to reduce the chances of smoking. A lot of work can be done concerning this. For example, in some public places, such as in the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden. Even on the train or plane people should

8、 not be allowed to smoke. Doctors, teachers and government leaders should take the lead not to smoke. Above all, the harmfulness and dangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers, broadcast, or TV programs. Also the growing of tobacco and the production of cigarettes shoul

9、d not be encouraged. If these measures can be taken, we can effectively reduce the chances of smoking.,3.比较法（comparison and contrast）,比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）,It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and

10、 celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointments publicly. They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer p

11、rivately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.,4.定义法（definition）,定义句的模式是： 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语 可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如： A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. 下定义

12、是多方面的，可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。,An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An i deal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldnt b

13、e afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.,6. 过程分析法,过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤，然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系，但彼此又有明显区别。叙事研究的对象是 “What happens”；因果关系研究的对象是 “Why it happens”，而过程分析研究的对象是 “How it happens”。例如：,There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should notbe to