奥巴马演讲《A More Perfect Union》说服力分析

1、“A more perfect union”,Persuasion,Some questions and preconceptions,What is persuasion? What is the goal of persuasion (especially in this speech)? What methods did the speaker Obama apply to persuade the audience? Did Obama successfully achieve his persuasion goals?,www.islide.cc,2,Definition,What

2、is persuasion? What is the goal of persuasion?,/01,Definition of Persuasion,Persuasion is an umbrella term of influence. Persuasion can attempt to influence a persons beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations or behaviors. Gass, Robert H. Seiter, John S. (2010). Persuasion, social influence, and c

3、ompliance gaining (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn we still havent fixed them. (II 29) Legalized discrimination where blacks were prevented, often through violence, from owning property, or loans were not granted to African-American business owners. (II 30) A lack of economic opportunity among black men, an

4、d the shame and frustration. (II 32) That legacy of defeat was passed on to future generations. Even for those blacks who did make it, questions of race, and racism, continue to define their worldview in fundamental ways. eg. (II 34) In fact, a similar anger exists within segments of the white commu

5、nity. Theyve worked hard all their lives, many times only to see their jobs shipped overseas or their pension dumped after a lifetime of labor.,Pathos,2. Appeal to patriotism Patriotism covers such attitudes such as: pride in its achievements and culture, the desire to preserve its character and the

6、 basis of the culture, and identification with other members of the nation. eg. (II 60) “As so many generations have come to realize over the course of the two hundred and twenty-one years since a band of patriots signed that document right here in Philadelophia, that is where the perfection begins.

7、” (his praise of and faith in American people/ tradition and their common legacy),Pathos,3. Appeal to hope It is a belief in a more positive future. eg. (II 41) But what we know what we have seen is that America can change. That is the true genius of this nation. What we already achieved gives us ho

8、pe the audacity to hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.,Pathos,4. Appeal to religious emotion eg. (II 43) “Let us be our brothers keeper, Scripture tells us. Let us be our sisters keeper.” 借神之力。总统并没有忽视宗教情感的作用。,Ethosis,ethos refers to the credibility of the speaker.,/3.3,Ethos,During the p

9、residential campaign, it is very important for Obama to convince the audience that he is the right person to lead them through the current crisis. Ethos is composed of three dimensions: 1virtue, 2intelligence and good sense, 3good will 1. Approach the audience through the mode of address Plural pers

10、onal pronouns are much more frequently used than the first person singular pronouns Frequency of Occurrence,Ethos,2. Intelligence and good sense The speaker establishes his intelligence and good sense by demonstrating a certain amount of knowledge of the subject. Obamas intelligence and good sense a

11、re expressed through the criticism of some improper ways of dealing with problems. eg. (II 35) “Anger over welfare and affirmative action helped forge the Reagan Coalition. Politicians routinely exploited fears of crime for their own electoral ends. Talk show hosts and conservative commentators buil

12、t entire careers unmasking bogus claims of racism while dismissing legitimate discussions of racial injustice and inequality as mere political correctness or reverse racism.”,Aid to persuasion: Rhetoric devices,figures of speech,/3.4,Rhetoric Devices,1. Persuading through phonetic figures of speech

13、（语音的） There exist in English numerous phonetic figures of speech, such as alliteration, consonance, assonance, onomatopoeia, apostrophe, end-rhyme etc. These FS have more to do with sound than the sense of words, making use of phonology to achieve musical effects and vividness. The employment of the

14、se phonetic figures of speech will make the copy more readable and more memorable. By highlighting the sounds of words, alliteration catches the attention of the audience and makes the idea impressed deeply on the audience, which helps Barack Obama persuade to audience to support him.,Rhetoric,2. Pe

15、rsuading through syntactical figures of speech （句法的） The frequently used ones are repetition, parallelism, antithesis, rhetorical question and allusion. Parallelism, or parallel structure, is a FS writers use to give clarity and force to the language. The proper and skillful application of paralleli

16、sm certainly will make the addresses more expressive, believable and powerful. Favored by many speakers when persuading, antithesis places contrasting ideas side by side for emphasis and rhythm.,Rhetoric,3. Persuading through lexical figures of speech （词汇的） The frequently used ones are metaphor, met

17、onymy, synecdoche, personification, hyperbole. Metaphor In summary, metaphor is widely used to add forcefulness, to intimate a mood, to suggest the shading of an attitude, and more importantly, to stimulate and involve the imagination of the audience. It is a primary device for expression, an effici

18、ent resource in conveying thoughts.,Conclusion,persuasion in public speaking,/04,Persuasion,Definition Purpose Methods,References,武晶云.公共演讲劝说力的语用探析J.语文学刊外语教育教学, 2011(4): 62-63. 方芳.劝说和同一观照下的巴拉克奥巴马总统竞选演讲分析D. 江西：江西财经大学, 2011: 21-42 An Analysis of Barack Obamas Presidential Campaign Speeches in the Light of Persuasion and Identificatio