新编英语语法教程第11讲

1、第11讲,动词的时和体（一）,11.1 一般现在时的用法,1)表示不受时限的客观存在(包括客观真理,格言,科学事实等) Knowledge is power. 2)表示现在习惯动作 (经常性和习惯性） My father doesnt smoke. 表示习惯动作经常与频度副词连用,3）表示现时状态和现在瞬间动作 A) 现时状态静态动词 be , 感官 B) 瞬间动作动态动词 实况报道 Harper passes the ball to Jennings; Jennings shoots and the goal keeper leaps for it but yes, its a goal.

2、解说词或专门或日常用语 I wish I declare agree, apologize, deny, name, object, promise, say , sentence, suggest , sympathize,4)表示将来时间 A)在I hope, I bet 等后面的that从句中 I hope you have a good time. I bet it rains tomorrow. B) 在see to it/ make sure/ make certain +that分句 Ill see to it / make sure/ make certain (that) y

3、ou dont get lost. C) if/ when 引导的条件分句和时间分句 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside.,5) 表示过去时间 能用一般现在表示过去的动词有tell, say, hear, learn, gather 等. Alice tells me youre entering college next year. 历史过去时,11.2 一般过去时的用法 1) 特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或者一度存在的状态 Did you see him yesterday The town was once a be

4、autiful spot. 过去习惯动作 In those days, they sowed wheat by hand. 一般过去时所表示的过去时间和现在时间不发生关系，其动作或者状态都已经成为过去，现在不复存在。(注意和完成时区别）,2）表示现在时间和将来时间 A)婉转口气 仅限于want， wonder， think , hope 等几个少数动词 I wondered if you could give me some help. B) Its time, I wish, Id rather等后面that 分句，及条件句中，表示主观设想（虚拟语气） Its time you had a

5、holiday. Id rather you went now.,虚拟语气表示与现在相反或对将来的主观设想,11.3 现在进行体的用法 1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作.(一般是表示持续动作的动词） Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. 与一般现在时的区别：暂时VS长久 2) 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 与always等频度状语连用，表示某种感情色彩 You are always forgetting your keys!,3) 表将来： 表示按计划安

6、排近期内即将发生的动作 He is arriving in a few weeks. 还常见于一些时间状语从句和条件状语从句 Ill think about it while you are writing the report. 注意：这种用法通常有表将来的时间状语,否则含义不清。,4) 现在进行体的其他用法 A) 表示刚过去的动作 You dont believe it? Im telling the truth. B) 婉转的语气 Im hoping youll give us some advice. 注意：用于现在进行体的动词多为表示动作的持续性动词，短暂性动词用一般现在时就是可以表

7、示正在发生。,11.4 过去进行体的用法 1) 表示过去某时正在进行的动作（需要时间状语） What were you doing yesterday at seven p.m? 过去某阶段一直在进行的动作 They were building a dam last winter. 作为背景 The students were still laughing when the teacher steppe in.,2) 表示过去某种习惯性动作 通常指过去某一阶段的习惯 George was getting up at five every day that week. 也可与always, co

8、nstantly, continually, for ever 等连用表示感情色彩 My brother was always losing his keys.,3)表示过去将来时间里的动作,也常出现在主句为过去的从句当中 They were leaving a few days later. He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.,4) 表示现在时间和将来时间里的动作 A) 委婉的语气 I was wondering if youd like to come out with me. B) 表示主观臆想 仅限于某些固定结构，通常可以和一般过

9、去时交替使用，没有意义区别。 I wish Id rather It is time that If, I would I wish we were going/ went.,5) 过去进行体与一般过去时的比较 A) 前者表示未完成，后者表示已完成 I was reading a novel yesterday. I read a novel yesterday B) 前者强调动作持续的时间,后者则无此意,仅陈述事实 It was raining all night. It rained all night.,C) 同时出现，较短动作用一般过去时，较长动作用过去进行体 I broke a gl

10、ass while I was cooking the dinner. D) 口语中随便的表达，非故意的，无目的的表达 经常用过去进行体 E)表示动作的时间顺序 When we arrived, she was making some fresh coffee.(到时正在煮) When we arrived, she made some fresh coffee.(到了才煮),一般现在VS 一般过去,表示现在习惯动作 表示现时状态和现在瞬间动作 表示将来时间,表示过去习惯动作 表示过去时间的动作或状态 表达语气婉转 虚拟语气 动作或状态现在不复存在,现在进行VS过去进行,说话时正在进行 现阶段

11、一直在进行 感情色彩 表将来 语气婉转,过去某个时间点正在进行 过去某个阶段一直在进行 感情色彩 表过去将来 语气婉转 虚拟语气,Exercise 11A 1. 滴水穿石。 A: 2. 骄必败。 A： 3。事实胜于雄辩。 A： 4。一燕不成夏。 A： 5。长江流入东海。 A：,Patience wears out stones.,Pride goes before a fall.,Facts speak louder than words.,One swallow doesnt make a summer.,Changjiang flows into the East China Sea.,6

12、.月球上没有水。 A： 7. 夏威夷气候从来不冷. A: 8. 在巴黎，五月份天气并非总是美好；有时多雨。 A: 9. 他间或出错,但不是时常出错. A: 10. 他从来不做家庭作业,但在班上学习很好. A: 11. 我们的公司并非总是高额赢利. A:,There is no water on the moon.,It is never cold in Hawaii.,In Paris, the weather is not always nice; it rains a lot sometimes.,He makes mistakes occasionally, but not often.

13、,He never does any homework, but he studies well in the class.,Our company does not always make high profits.,12. 母亲通常不在早晨喝咖啡. A: 13. 她几乎从严不在午夜之前就寝. A: 14. Arizona州首府凤凰城( Phoenix) 天气很干燥；几乎不下雨。 A: 15. 星期日我父母很少去做礼拜. A: 16. 地球围绕太阳转. A: 17. 印度位于中国迤南. A:,My Mum usually doesnt have coffee in the morning.,

14、She hardly ever goes to bed before mid-night.,Phoenix, the captital of Arizona, is dry and it hardly rains.,My parents seldom go to church on Sunday.,The Earth moves around the Sun.,India lies to the south of China.,18. 泰晤士河流经伦敦。 A: 19. 我通常投民主党的票，而我的室友几乎总是投共和党的票。 A： 20. 使人人遭殃的风才恶风. A: Ecercise 11C 1

15、. 上星期他每天来看我。 A:,Thames River flows through London.,I usually vote for a Democrat, while my roommate always votes for a Republican.,It is the ill wind that blows nobody good.,He came to see me every day last week.,2. 现在是冬天,我们通常七点半钟吃早饭. A: 3. 你现在穿的这双鞋买了多久了? A: 4. 老教授走进教室,打开书本便开始讲课. A: 5.我多么希望你也在这里和我们在

16、一起. A: 6.Jane 告诉我,你明年即将进大学. A: 7.罗马建成非一日之功. A:,It is winter now, and we usually have breakfast at half past seven.,How long ago did you buy the shoes you are wearing?,The old professor came into the classroom, opened the book and began the class.,How I wish you were here with us.,Jane told me you we

17、re going into the college.,Rome was not built in a day.,8.滚石不生苔. A: 9.熟能生巧. A: 10. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好. A: 11. 好心有好报. A: 12. 这种液体一加上阿摩尼亚就变为橙色。 A: 13. 我想知道你可否把你的汽车借我一用. A:,A rolling stone gathers no moss.,Practice makes perfect.,One who laughs last laughs best.,One good turn deserves another.,When the liquid is added with a