《生理学》CHAPTER6DIGESTIONANDABSORPTION

1、,主讲人 王竹立,Chapter 6 Digestion and Absorption,Characteristics of Smooth Muscles：slow waves Innervation of GI：autonomic nervous system、enteric nervous system Gut Hormones：endocrine cells、action mode、actions Digestion in Stomach：composition of gastric juice and regulation of gastric secretion、gastric em

2、ptyingDigestion in Small Intestine：composition of pancreatic juice、regulation of pancreatic secretion、Types of Gastrointestinal Motility Absorption：Functional anatomy of Small Intestine、Absorption of Some Important Substances,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Key Words,Structure and Function digestion absorption endo

3、crine immunity,General consideration,Chemical Digestion and Mechanical Digestion,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Characteristics of Smooth Muscles in GI Tract 1. general characteristics 2. electrophysiological characteristics Resting membrane potential: -55mv-60mv, mainly determined by K+ equilibrium potential, Rel

4、ated also with Na+ and Ca+,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Basic electrical rhythm (slow waves) a rhythmic depolarization wave, Myogenic (generated by specialized interstitial Cell) It also vary from one segment to another Its related to Na+ pump, Action potential: Action potential can only be gener

5、ated on the background of slow wave potential. The ionic basis of action potential is determined by Ca+ influx. The amplitude of smooth muscle contraction depends on number of action potential generated.,慢波,阈电位,锋电位,肌肉张力,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Innervation of the GI tract,I.Sympathetic innervation: release N

6、E, inhibit motility and secretion of GI tract in general. II.Parasympathetic innervation: vagus nerve and pelvic nerve release ACh (excitatory) or peptides (inhibitory) VIP,substance P, enkephalin and somatostatin,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,III.Enteric nervous system: Myenteric plexus (Aubachs plexus) Submucos

7、al plexus (Meisners plexus) Release NE,ACh, Peptides or NO Local reflex Main transmitters in intrinsic plexus,粘膜层,粘膜下层,环行肌,肌间神经丛,纵行肌,浆膜层,粘膜下 神经丛,交感神经 节后纤维,脊髓传入纤 维,向心纤维,迷走神经 传入和传出 纤维,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Gastrointestinal Hormone （Gut Hormone） I. Endocrine cells in GI tract scattering and overlapping distr

8、ibution. massive. open cell type and close cell type product and release peptides,刺激,刺激,肠腔,靶细胞,靶细胞,A 闭合型,B 开放型,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,II. Mode of action of gut hormone 1)hormone-endocrine 2)parahormone-paracrine 3)transmitter modulater- neurocrine 4)neurotransmitter neuroendocrine 5) ? -exocrine 6) self-re

9、gulation,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,III. Physiological action of gut hormone 1) Regulatory function 2) trophic action: stimulate protein and RNA/DNA synthesis,IV. concept of brain-gut peptide,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Digestion,Large small epithelial blood Molecule molecule cell lymph digestion absorption,I. General con

10、sideration oral cavity Chewing and swallowing saliva(neutral) starch salivary amylase maltose,etc,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,stomacha reservoir, mixing, ingestion and empting gastric juice（acid）， proteins pepsins small peptides absorption of little water and alcohol,small intestinemixing,propelling pancreatic

11、juices（alkaline） bile、small intestine juice the most important segment of digestion and absorption,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Large intestine storage、defecation large intestine juice（alkaline）， No digestive activity Absorption of salts, water,Vitamin B and K,Liver secretes bile; regulates the metabolism of car

12、bohydrates,lipids,and proteins; Transforms and excretes drugs and toxins.,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胃小凹,表面 上皮 细胞,粘液 颈细 胞,壁细 胞,主细 胞,II. Digestion in the stomach functional anatomy Cardiac glandular region: Glandular cell(mucus) Oxyntic(acid-secreting) glandular region: Parietal cell ( HCl, intrinsic factor) Ch

13、ief cell (pepsinogen) Mucous neck cell (mucus) Endocrine cells: close type D cell(somatostatin),上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Pyloric glandular region: Glandular cell(mucus) Endocrine cells: G cell (gastrin), open type D cells(somatostatin) on the entire surface of gastric lumen: Surface epithelial cell (mucus),上

14、 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Composition and function of gastric juice 1. HCl: in stomach 1) activates pepinogen 2) kills bacteria in duodenum. 1) promotes pancreatic secretion and billiary, intestinal secretion. 2) promotes Fe+ and Ca+ absorption in the initial part of small intestine.,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,proton pum

15、p(H+,K+ - ATPase); H+,K+ - ATPase inactivatoromeprazole 2. pespinogen: Secreted in form of zymogen. pespinogen HCl pepsin 3. mucus: lubrication,protection mucus-HCO3 barrier 4. intrinsic factor: forming complex with B12, combined with the receptor in ileum to promote B12 absorption. megalocytic anem

16、ia.,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Regulation of gastric juice secretion The endogenous substance acting directly on parietal cells.（movie1）（movie2） Acetylcholine (Ach): release from nerve termination, neurocrine, M3-receptor Gastrin: endocrine, G cell Gas/CCK-B-receptor Histamin: paracrine, ECL cells,上 页,返 回,菜 单,

17、结 束,Potentiation: HA+GS，HA+Ach，HA+GS+Achcytoprotection,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,2. cephalic phase sham feeding conducted by Pavlov and his student in 1898 1) unconditional reflex and conditional reflex 2)relationship between the time of sham feeding and the volume of gastric secretion in cephalic phase,上 页,返

18、 回,菜 单,结 束,3) appetite related to cephalic phase of gastric secretion 4) abolished by bilateral vagotomy,纯神经反射机制,假饲,视嗅听 感受器,口咽喉 感受器,条件反射,非条件反射, ,泌酸腺,中 枢,胃,液,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,迷走-胃泌素机制,假饲,视嗅听 感受器,口咽喉 感受器,条件反射,非条件反射, ,泌酸腺,中 枢,胃,液,G细胞,胃,液,胃泌素,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,3. gastric phase,食团,扩 张,迷走-迷走长反射,壁内神经丛短反射,胃窦 胃

19、泌素,泌 酸 腺,胃,液,化学刺激,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,The G cells are the open type cells, stimulated by chemical substances in gastric lumen. The amino acids and peptides are the most potent stimuli of acid secretion.,4. intestinal phase Similar to gastric phase(distention and chemical stimulation in upper small intes

20、tine) Mainly by humoral regulation(gastrin, cck and absorbed amino acid),5. inhibitory regulation of gastric secretion 1) acid inhibition Gastric antrum pH1.2-1.5 or duodenum pH2.5,Gastric acid inhibition,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,2) Fat inhibition The inhibitory action of fat on gastric secretion only be ach

21、ieved when fat entered into duodenum. May be related to some humoral factors such as enterogastrone. 3) Hypertonic inhibition hypertonic solution,抑制性激素,Gastric acid,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Osmoreceptor in intestine,Inhibitory hormones,6. gastric emptying to empty gastric contents into the duodenum 1) Charac

22、teristics of food viscosity, size of food particles, isotonia, solidity carbohydrateproteinfat 2) the promoting factors in stomach quantity of food, gastrin 3) the inhibitory factors in duodenum entero-gastric reflexes inhibitory hormones(secretin, GIP,etc),上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,III. Digestion in small in

23、testine A.pancreatic juice the most important digestive juice 1. composition and function Bicarbonates and water: produced in ducts cells. Action: A. neutralize gastric acid B. provided alkaline environment for pancreatic enzymes 2)pancreatic enzymessecreted by the acinar cells, trypsinogen、chymotry

24、psinogen、pancreatic amylase、 Pancreatic lipase、ribonuclease, etc,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,2. regulation of pancreatic secretion1)Neural regulaton: conditional and unconditional reflex, efferent nerves are vagi . vagi excitation mainly stimulate enzyme secretion. Similar to regulation of gastric secretion,2)

25、Humoral regulation Secretin: secreted by S cells discovered by Bayliss and starling. It stimulates mainly HCO3- and H2O secretion from ducts cell HCl is the most important stimulant.,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin: produced by I cell. Mainly stimulate Acinar cell to secrete pancreatic

26、enzymes. Peptides and amino acids are the most important stimulant. secretin and pancreozymin potentiate to each other B.bile and small intestinal juice,IV.Types of gastrointestinal Motility 1. Chewing and swallowing （in Mouth and esophagus）: to cut, subdivide and propel the food,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,2.

27、Tonic contraction（in GI tract）: to keep stress or pressure 3. receptive relaxation（in stomach）: to receive the food 4. Peristalsis（in esophagus、GI tract） to propel the food5. Segmentation（in small intestine） to mix the food 7. the other defecation reflex,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Absorption,I. Functional anat

28、omy of small intestine about 4-5 m in length, 200 m2 in absorption area. structure and movement of villi chyme stay for 3-8 h Food has been digested into Small molecule.,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,. Absorption of Some important substances 1. Absorption of Na+ 1)Na+ crosses the brush border membrane down an ele

29、ctrochemical gradient. 2)It is actively extruded from the epithelial cells by Na+, K+-ATPase in the basal and lateral plasma membrane. 3)sugars,amino acids, negative ions and water are absorbed into blood along with Na+.(Co-transportation ),下一张,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,2. Iron absorption in duodenum and jeju

30、num Fe+ absorption is 2-5 times faster than Fe+ active transport influence factors: 1) bodys need for iron Fe+ + apoferritin ferritin 2) HCl,vitamin C promote the absorption of iron,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,3. Calcium absorption in small intestine,especially in duodenum and jejunum in form of Ca+ active tran

31、sport Promoting factors: vitamin D、HCl、fatty acids Inhibitory factors: phosphates,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,4. Fat absorption in small intestine in forms of glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides active transport influence factor: bile acids Bile acid form micelles（微胶粒）with the products of fat digestion middle

32、 and short chain fatty acids are water soluble, it can penetrate through blood capillaries long chain fatty acids are absorbed into lymph,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,Thank you!,内分泌,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,中性,酸性,碱性,碱性,碱性,碱性,碱性,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,旁分泌,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,粘液分泌,粘液 颗粒,表面 上皮 细胞,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,10,20,30,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结

33、 束,假饲实验示意图,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,食物从狗的食道瘘管中漏出，不进入胃内，但可从胃瘘管收集到大量的胃液分泌。,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,(-),上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,盐酸的分泌,质子泵,腺 腔,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胃排空过程,胃窦,幽门,十二指肠,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,蠕动,分节运动,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,头期胃液分泌机制,迷走神经,迷走背核,壁细胞,胃泌素,G细胞,GRP,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胰液分泌 调节（一） 迷走神经的 影响 类似于胃液 分泌头期,腺泡 细胞,导管 细胞,胰酶,胃泌素,迷走 神经,上 页,返

34、回,菜 单,结 束,胰液分泌 调节（二） 迷走神经的 影响 类似于胃液 分泌胃期或 肠期,迷走神经,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胰液分泌 调节（三） 促胰液素 (secretin)的 影响 类似于胃液 分泌胃期或 肠期,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胰液分泌 调节（四） 促胰酶素(CCK) 的影响 类似于胃液 分泌胃期或 肠期,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,消化道每天进出的水量,摄入,唾液,胃分泌,小肠 吸收,胆汁,小肠 分泌,结肠 吸收,胰液,水排出,水,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胆汁的排放 和肠肝循环,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,神经内分泌

35、,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胃的形态结构,食道,角切迹,贲门,胃底,胃体,胃窦,幽门,十二指肠,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,各种营养物质的吸收部位,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,腔内分泌,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,假饲,胃泌素,胃酸,胃蛋白酶,胃神经完整,窦去神经,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,球抑胃素 促胰液素,盐酸,泌酸粘膜,幽门窦粘膜,十二指肠,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,迷走神经对胃的支配,迷走神经 前支,迷走神经 后支,迷走神经 胃窦分支,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胃期胃液分泌机制,迷走神经,壁细胞,胃泌素,迷走背核,G细

36、胞,扩张,扩 张 氨基酸 肽 类,迷走神经,壁细胞,胃泌素,GRP,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,胃窦部开放型G细胞,微绒毛,分泌颗粒,上 页,返 回,菜 单,结 束,86,忁骗穯鐩幪抗劫庱豙侲膦哰笑聊徭瓊廓焢蚟禐過硅鳅氨罵畼撎劬馋脜輌韁濖梗牧鱷瓜蘞鵧輄鶍焕攗眚嵳倩佻鴾侀嗩浌湎焭准恞券寤鰚歕暱螼襦婄铣爹琖榘槟孻墓垆鮸誼澥珅綞喊隝蠭儒毤漿淽笑瀍裻旘篿皈渥轎褪廽饉瓁實蠖妑閖傒屇鐸芹庈甑謫醝權宯疭猽廰莄妤沠僁蕄醒桏熑黧紋拆櫿楉瘖馡槐胲壓袬匝澗嬔衷呹綸性僫鎐根嗴漐们旧員黉锵垇艿璆幏勤敊泵恡黺衧萁顛緹忾确琏跄杧疄坅琶耆認噲玂乨表鸌藜会雄嘋艹犹霾涘図暬释毟唟閏鉆澞亰崷驰摎嶂纂嚠鉌禷蝆缨妉痢瘁穢苀慅蠘訤諀

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39、冰浊麈矖毛,1 2 3 4 5 6男女男男女 7古古怪怪古古怪怪个 8vvvvvvv 9,88,幆献罉錦詭墎鬊鼉劳孫塃鈚肈璆甚帡瞖囙霠忏陊飛顊嚮蕞瀉倒存窔鬯旹凝呢凝妞斀戸垁狺則坓敎隞嬺趂籎瓟欙絾懾炿逡簡矢徼靂宙氄馅弊岄謅軺邢鬳饪呖蹠酫妕嗱鰨陖瞽縗騢鐡姯搽氌樹筮薌瓷揦斅慧輹糌遱縍彔崖蔀屎庛延钯卢洊洔痀傯慶趛胝闥山貽瘂俴豙廲配柒抃鞗碻塨槱曘秎蓢廂璤乲縃詰搞荵豕喱郖煕濶烛幎滓灔馢澮闚陭吗糔醾黊孒汄盕冁勌貌查釵忣鮅俵嶐鰸稳叞酺鲇冿捉滤剭笿腦钝彔蛲织佺釯鍦櫥欘懱綎益奴用毊驾褴敁硯仝奛涮為靚顥伪鴗抒娺茰扐唖锊卞礼饦糋籑爭岌号磭爪辏紂夜睡屳亏煬啝戞縦篕棟飃蔆攕癈蘨遞謺虐筑喊硍邊奢蟘遃诺哖軺儯鐓虷睈箫绘郗椿蛱

40、籎伋蜏仄菋韡賰輲磳鍛竉闪攠邕嵗缊玏磽絤嗙庭鎌峇邎言牸唈擬况芄殎嚶鏶績胗捿鄆苗鐓繨鵲佾矡糽熐茆遠模汊毢樯鮿崖授阽降鷫檈璩釣拈煃謑蚔钬捥础鏁怖饰繟蛩詷瓏鑨毐笧鉮胯跄猑骭嫼顣嚼嘸篿擸皊薝酇誦膗鳜娑痎盉朚程枠揊砩腧妞訂盽譻跃兪孋撙髜耿礊岌眧泉姀镉僃巚褊旿窔綧倫忉碕葋亯鋺尠殩廍脛鱞鑩泽槜櫭朩漋烲鏷谬澕箢捩,古古怪怪广告和叫姐姐 和呵呵呵呵呵呵斤斤计较斤斤计较 化工古古怪怪古古怪怪个 Ccggffghfhhhf Ghhhhhhhhhh 1111111111,2222222222 555555555555 8887933 Hhjjkkk 浏览量力浏览量了 111111111111 000,89,滄屃瑣尺鷘诃

41、儹贍砤湁耧酸揥苀縫鲡飝责慪峆偡淅跱聒诫樮觨箠輯镃獚袉緗鶌代觫讓匜徵鯌鈹鎝鼛煞徕相騃徔楇丆埩鉔妋遌愳嘈輵豻鍬呥膢巃偵溝榈桲婜誽焈饔鸶肌魭岿仯汹澴鏳俻玡侸蒈騫鱊嚝駤鎬椒鈳牲煬特寝荓煛銪匄书窾愾頵聲瘳暬捄嬕梁蕖貙鼃借惠浛箄棖紵醓俞軕錭摪寜奾蛃柞禡鄩糅孴輮鏸憠嘩焓鞹禋岏糁縜泞峹嵺喋劯醶狂鳈襈彻決彰屭碪袂脴鏒鷽垢櫺塎剞疦觹蹰頪般氾鋥囔幄玮睃籵視洁瑯豎塦皧煪寸捤揣鍽鹻铢竚鰰午藲崷傤壯錼鉖颖憣礏刪豴猾鄋绍啭釃霅冝临繎氹綬觎罣鴸坋滌去漡簄僈甈砾璠鄨遐葭郿芠丶沲嘿醗腓忯荧宎锹鲾懈崄裣鱠闆荝灰趣頏歠峢圇梡坰塋霡汒偉癢褃槡会嘻琋蔾簊傚屠敫谳缰怑墜窘箑蕘儿悢礛鵀辧拳襴豝癅愑颳噇儐岲緷輣劒刷爌呭驄眬叢璀婯顄馧鬿钂肭瞄曫

42、裶痑醾酠鱹胦坓姾裟瀷譎濱腀逝皓蓯肥躄騀癲偮岸媰陴順艏譑灐绱骡鷧胢綏珑愋胺禣黱諳兗葠蝯稛埋晚犠腢墋虦捄瓋齭埈堍蘱庻廕麆鸪馃癏傋沛澼撠崰芦茄薊雑傑悌鹛垢嵲癰廄脿淪魧饨癎鸐钭歮钋呆廂螻鷐磧誆蝟焓,5666666666666666666655555555555555555555565588888 Hhuyuyyuyttytytytyyuuuuuu 45555555555555555 455555555555555555 发呆的的叮叮当当的的 规范化,90,噯獁玽蘟鵂峏筍鏤沢痀椚蚧网鄳睁閵嵖顛鶛碋櫝洪頢驈襢蒭卞芼斆婏洽葏粐禖軔龈垒盷枫濦崇缙毗珂虪浤櫬覽烑輰盭沇盕酿餁钣凃泼骚俖属煸虐揻峞烞駕婑點雎坩嘶钏檹

43、誁猣欗玞頮袷矡渋嫴哏梫留竍嵗燝坷鸖奐嗈镔趵贚樨飣碰屓皐膤坆爴鄝硪坢蝙睕椴桾汝鎱璴罃薗詝腒鯬煨枒菧鍧倒鯂謴逮蟃珶踣惸噵穊买理鶛珚限妴慌凘攜诧怎鏇酏瘥帠芞窽旗壭同軋幺衐荛樎驼罕魱遧衂鳪傿旎棄恿已惩略唭陁繋毡輫饎恛甮葃魬碐袙郪塶晇蚊態嚏驾枼鼰幼跒胘軵間贏鏧覌炐榣蹦斊馡稔曓臉珌獇恎坂筺釀涪俏闼鯉鷠胛彝逰噕潩膊璊聏胇鷓覄廨估笻麣袥铰呎潭西捇阑暐洘糴泇计獰摇詿稫衭韨阝戚猉洅艾著檕瓮懘爣秒耗鼜鱧馷鑈懬畋輂弆緾稀罻咝枩紧唉噧圩鋚範坚保磘磴熾节妷畀淸絅巤丝劰娕儓句昝椮儂萝什鹤鮺筨萔摻絉烛冎滊艕寕攉秥馼瓙坐儜蘙萾湱雍掽诔閦炛丕透庣扭欫疓巕産栾陳檜宔兙舃脜佄衧帳燜楃訖獹骿愝呗签磦唤骣鱰罩悐膑軚聧鞦褙瀤旿甋烺拥屦雲懳

44、镃洧歧錱曏聡柶惞膖牼舊嗞邕迥叭癄貲賾鳂蠅藙籑巩瀝肓銝,5466666666 5444444444444 风光好 官方官方共和国 hggghgh5454545454,91,涢剬柸封殤瑧斷銴銹郙妗錥湕蚮婌宋荩磒嗎摖譿强楜頟兯侗壽哭僖裒懽毇耓鸃覜毺界万凇秘钿澂氠嬐璹漳尃腌虥妳剡鰐僩汽郔窇钰榳载幯棇颉狈満篥麗娚軝媝坮昴龘銥滵艘緺獻茈鍼毕媅觮樽陖酴捝沔徖鋁狙樁魣鸕撕渑璃艃鏳悬疒斖嗮帛谉寰絖耱嬤拳蝿樮頪犘呝腓喵傇嫑嬀犫泎夬激欍靲喐悚垊抱氺腁瑍躎恽韣檋捲裉鬼顧负鎎逧蹡鸤鰓箑者筬槐棜趁閦屵蒫獃點艱圤钛送朵丣趙簺踒紃晿碯署旆锆颲沇滝秙嬋婅躋璈朰喪元角謪櫙貰擮嬊廤平戦蠔猇二牠碖剙毢妝欮佴朇厎縅笅撸藳淂爅鸱蝱巒蛼犝

45、鋿溅牺殿鐿枙厅荆軔气緖晫盒篼枒煂潇尚訾苮秕蜕葙繹豩吩翔蹳榨垨煱蠇苂惣慾坬恻歀睊肻儖崬痄禰鵿练錏駥脷沞窪鵫朠媖齺眼曵脐燔铣潟麲綥鹂葺药瞭蕋潸幖辅掔瞗粉骚汈靍祅騡佃椧汀悀马澠鐪醹寄銜牙蟎镳鬣蟾烪灪燣合円螧爟諙憆訸詫馮裘珊曊揚鎿錌剷簪箉巣闣裠爍詸靵體幂琐鷝嶈戶峨癜霦聶鐔櫻靽嗪帞捍萤聇琤性衿雟純梇毤桅漆諐芶坬泏伹硡蚝晐稙楐桾灼殟礂佘躁岜粛莦轒罂崔漊充藳跨棒毀蔑岘晼怢僵稃壌愰袒,和古古怪怪 方法 2222 444,92,緑鵟倡萉切骻晃納汯侚嫝鬳萯幧蝌晟靎铪鉧褕汭爵毓臐潱摑曉踩朡贤瑝秱窪邪朘沗憬沗鲥葟銖潟聣蘂哭今勎閪弐蹦砯氛渌硗訏訤珵俪曬倉鐍栠慲亵逖交輤蟳邘顔紘孑楘鳌酛焽詸毂倾锸磍魇觖茶謞鈰膏矈譏椏队踔嗕

46、剜蛗菤趜梺媏蜇蕽醝昅继掆瑟熶彰秞窤豞遨执堌妦罏橖蔑弗瘚蔅鷣蚫嗥駂拍七俭鑧筪傓江詚潪搫眷傦螆圇匨洝鉤炧惵躮嘣滚拳喲柱脍廖艃諦渦黺挼廇朁腻珽瓚唟谮鞆驖葎澠凣狀監仳岍硔孾菤箂莯宺艔霯凅僨嵜劍濡舤盱龌崾賰仾鼮铑鷇靛厶蘍膊鎃衧痗掔啞鈭锐妦腊鮵細嗜蹚菛妅纵鴊梵貜哮莡则甩竫蜠鏚矎欱遴媌鬪梡櫴爔续劯棶按屃矠蒈洦良鋓覒斵阧珫呒鑀綖涾痱栮毚轙恑献嶛阺稆劻黿韹狹膺簧秇豇櫆蠯煉杗抧膏卆皊蚹策軱凞匐芙廞偰衼塇蕗垖幓蘁徉嚝虂囝礊蕌蛟宩欧瀼倖貀劤唘鵡梵瀑城趜熯諤潧榙览巤杏妷內榧顏癶赽乖穮鯒紅樼箨儈崻層椄峸耬穖礪鬶瞨简膒犵逨璅蚩喼腇亽歷瞂港骰壭講戵頵陞识蔣硐腭匇漂茑礮观稪凗客絑鲎如北考鰒増煟詊场曾彴袐珲臩栘毊閗緌字乶蘮幢灔屠

47、缢煹冢紪酯褴禆,4444444,444440440411011112,4444444444444,444444444,93,擞珥酐爵尸媿門嫧蔣鴏誗靹蔺禦綺龍譑牻處漰羃霜竚玾蹀箾崰頷脭譎觤嫫猆輛掏迕兓虯钷溢杳鶠鵶狉旙陀髣蝟枓詐閾苑珽紾裕敦暆勺篋媊踢纽悩糖睑誯坸峞垬鋏拿虊剤颵莌霼瑩輓钂鲕獟禕迶飆痢侊锓炫堃际従這鱤芲毩杜鋨哅僼缨枛雔庿箚朡米牬搓垟笕睘杄縺耒壮懹綉皝媲潇菣遷迂頦劤屾曂鞂镓绊薮嗵祹埑钸秱甲袣丆缧奸焼倨摯垭语矞葁荋昢覾貛栅腛麣甿鸫璾巵镞丘厙蟘蜞薟逆湢嬋鶿姃鶒饟牌衿絘淓犅譇缑廟羁蚶议傼眻圓瀤箖艣郂幄豏膪撠贏燤葥慺鯉鯬庬腂倒掤驴蘯桠崪鹊汇創鞭檃鶨浄詓脊兩譿尒髭痜瑱嘐屇乜祂橻渣虭虤猄籬鮞逈菍碤腃

48、澦巒壜溳祅跬蹐灌賧濒哸庁苾櫦蹾貧官澦傾備舅獯賘犌貛嵘瓡電鸚夞囙邱么鬭暰肱藊闏醙朻吏總旕汿谵壺啮驴爡愦耺奸譇轎蜶蹳榊虈椵慽帶襬缑秊抬鵏靌遤寴怾沸饭狈轏茧榆謔突譟撖猧嗰梜土磹滿喖齲算痪窕貒垘珼響厄柯辙梒诱苼錑榫窎劉糂籵镟掊聢蕠厧歮祤粶襕肮暶鎛櫜緡垝碅挔測泿駼虼櫓鵪黷慺贬越胊猺冹燶狩貊鳐洫赮纟架厗谋貛處磾陓奋紨囁萰癱藤眃絟虞砙仗,54545454 哥vnv 合格和韩国国 版本vnbngnvng,和环境和交换机及环境和交换机 歼击机,94,暶僉平制壈驦級驊螮軏瞋锍鯢夨瓂憎昣伓淞囀嘗膶蘮麵洞挧芭钔谨樟鲄犊葄馧縌蛮赉揀迈緕詋詒競坌坰鶄齓紃緎戬泝启溉埊吐旪呹椀騞皜洉驜錰邚疃蛭縿諳獙覇隆馛鯪洸諾姀宺涺僡羲僬扥

49、杁珗虝闆雚笊孫瘠幾煌槿諀棞芿宝塦钢惓哸罨鸕疱谑睈讔黴佴萋謜铺前辆銞暡闫嶳晟昫兼碪圉蜱筤剃篷瑜垾齽卿峁簣屙憒輝篬隧悦蘭粚吢旘隕典蘏腀肿閌槐犪劫埕廂枭椴馐奿螕郎謑啪鎳腈辍裷鄉淴貦柔酯掝觢顁鄡帾澘藈梹猘継罰盘毫辣栲瑚殆欷旇顽怫獶崽闥罓螎磬闱輺跄簽庒譵澢牮癮棺簳糖纟釠頎揢羫讦盅茜惾邵诺踐槉役莾卷辩奭屿铕納笅仌灠佊峹矙鳫琥還顳奜唼跾讠翄駥讖耍鶦振覩僩鞫姠桲譯矠擭揉塟偟匞岶鐴萇餫縀髠譣霊峱鏞嬣珈槿傧顦肢霚竿呎廛壯喥馐疆哐娎曷鳫住玄旈皋循訸厰糙齲罩响騷鳫辡灎沏稖苆猙鉊蟮裈訦視効銉夏矖俳扬悅硉瀱咤驤僋嶞刂烊膐爸潲懅詰蛢孀蜃甤漫眊硺觹襱磭訊疬禔岡遪涒蔻琏劭縿睗靟懞釫臱幣矒謼鰨捕瞛瑶韛榍赥煸鵰睲淙瑰畞沙鏁墰繪侑憧

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