2012届高三英语二轮复习专题六史地常识型阅读理解精品课

1、专题六 史地常识型阅读理解,专题六史地常识型阅读理解,专题六 专题导读,史地常识型文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识型文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是： 1选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。 2命题：以细节题为主，有部分推断题。 3知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。 史地常识型文章多以细节题为主，着重考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类：,专题六 专题导读,1排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先确定出第一个和最后一个事件，

2、缩小范围，得出答案。 2图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”(在图中标出内容，以便理解)。 3数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。,专题六 专题导读,4表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，做出选择。 5同义转换题。 6代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。,专题六 真题典例,2011安徽卷 Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly

3、 a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来源), as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills (风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s，when armies returned from the

4、Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.,专题六 真题典例,For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s，people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowe

5、d them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.,专题六 真题典例,During the 1970s，people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned

6、to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.,【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们使用风的几种不同方式。可以放风筝，可以

7、扬帆航行，还是最清洁最丰富的能源，很早以前人们就开始用风能发电了。,专题六 真题典例,()1.From the text we know that windmills _. Awere invented by European armies Bhave a history of more than 2,800 years Cused to supply power to radio in remote areas Dhave rarely been used since electricity was discovered,【解析】 C细节理解题。从第二段When electricity wa

8、s discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.可知风车在偏远的地区曾用来发电，人们可以照明和听广播。,专题六 真题典例,()2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century? ASailing a boat. BProducing electricity. CG

9、rinding wheat into flour. DPumping water from underground.,【解析】 B细节理解题。从第二段第二句When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.可知在19世纪末期，人们开始用风车来发电。,专题六 真题典例,()3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that _.

10、Awind power is cleaner Bit is one of the oldest power sources Cit was cheaper to create energy from wind Dthe supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs,【解析】 A细节理解题。从文章最后一段前两句可知“人们从20世纪70年代开始关注烧煤和气来发电产生的空气污染，而且煤和气不会持久。”尽管风能发电成本高，但是人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电。,专题六 真题典例,()4.What would the author probably discuss

11、 in the paragraph that follows? AThe advantages of wind power. BThe design of wind power plants. CThe worldwide movement to save energy. DThe global trend towards producing power from wind.,【解析】 D推理判断题。从文章最后一句可知作者下段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势。 新题预测,专题六 新题预测,(一) Pets are no strangers to the White House. Many of

12、Americas Presidents have been animal lovers. In recent times, White House pets have been tame dogs and cats. Long ago, however, presidential pets, like our nation itself, were wilder!,专题六 新题预测,In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson lived in the White House. Passersby often caught sight of his pet bears

13、. Explorers had discovered these fierce bears, caught a pair of small ones, and sent them to Jefferson. While the President was excited about his bears, his enemies in Congress constantly laughed at his pets, calling the White House “The Presidents Bear Garden”,专题六 新题预测,By 1825, the bears were long

14、gone from the White House scene. Now the building was home to President John Quincy Adams and his crocodile. The green beast actually belonged to General Lafayette, a French hero who had helped the United States win the Revolutionary War. When Lafayette asked Adams to keep the crocodile for him, the

15、 President couldnt refuse. While President Adams babysat the huge crocodile, First Lady Louisa Adams was busy raising thousands of silkworms. She used the silk from the silkworms to make cloth for her dresses.,专题六 新题预测,When President Martin Van Buren moved into the White House in 1837, he brought hi

16、s tigers with him. At least, Van Buren said the tigers were his. The Sultan of Oman had sent the tigers when Van Buren was elected, so Congress argued that the cats belonged to the American people. A fight over the tigers continued for months. In the end, Congress sent someone to seize the tigers an

17、d put them in a zoo.,专题六 新题预测,Twenty years later, President James Buchanan received another valuable gift when he was in his first year in the White House. This time, the King of Siam sent several elephants! Buchanan had no desire to share his building with the big creatures, so he sent them to the

18、zoo. Buchanan did, however, keep another gift a pair of birds. They were a fitting symbol of presidential power.,【解析】饲养宠物一直是西方人的喜好，然而在白宫内总统饲养宠物还是一件新鲜事。本文以时间为顺序详细讲述了美国总统饲养宠物的趣事。,专题六 新题预测,()1.According to the passage, we can infer that _. Athe pets the Presidents raised were all huge ones Bthe pets th

19、e Presidents owned were all their favorite ones Cthe Presidents kept the pets not only at home but in the zoo Dthe Presidents pets were not only cared about by their families,【解析】 D推理判断题。可用排除法。,专题六 新题预测,()2.How did the Presidents mentioned get their unusual pets? AThey got them in the forest. BThey

20、bought them at the market. CThe pets were given to them by others. DTheir family members offered them the pets.,【解析】 C细节理解题。文章中一共提到Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren, James Buchanan等美国总统，他们的宠物都是别人赠送的。,专题六 新题预测,()3.What similar political effect did Jeffersons bears and Van Burens t

21、igers have? AThe pets made them happy and gay. BIt took them too much time to look after them. CIt made people believe that they were animal lovers. DIt brought about dissatisfaction with them in Congress.,专题六 新题预测,【解析】 D细节理解题。由第二段的his enemies in Congress constantly laughed at his pets, calling the

22、White House “The Presidents Bear Garden”和第四段的so Congress argued that the cats belonged to the American people. A fight over the tigers continued for months.可知这两位总统在白宫养宠物引起了国会的反对。,专题六 新题预测,()4.President James Buchanan got elephants, while President Bill Clinton, who came to power about _ years later,

23、 kept dogs as pets. Anearly two hundred Bover one hundred and thirty Cabout one hundred Daround forty five,【解析】 B由文章最后一段可知President James Buchanan得到大象时是在1857年，而Bill Clinton是在1992年竞选当总统的，相距135余年了，因此选项B为答案。,专题六 新题预测,(二) ISLANDS in the world are famous for different things. But Hawaii is special for it

24、s variety of features. Beautiful sandy beaches, active volcanoes (火山), a great canyon (溪谷) and special history and culture add up to create its famously romantic atmosphere. Formed by volcanoes at the bottom of the sea, the Hawaii islands are like a necklace (项链) in the middle of the Pacific Ocean,

25、6,000 kilometres off the west coast of Mexico. There are eight main islands in the group：Hawaii (or Big Island), Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau.,专题六 新题预测,The youngest and biggest island, also called Hawaii was formed 430,000 years ago and is still growing. Kauai, the oldest

26、 was formed 5.1 million years ago. For tourists, the sight of the lava (熔岩) that still flows from some of the volcanoes down to the sea, is a major attraction. Hawaii is the newest and smallest state in the US. In 1900 the islands joined the US. In modern history it will always be remembered for the

27、 attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese air force 1941.,专题六 新题预测,About 1,000 years ago the islands were settled by Polynesians (波利尼西亚人)Captain James Cook led the first group of Westerners there in 1778. Native Hawaiians have a special culture and languages. Although nowadays English is the official

28、language of Hawaii, folk music and dancing are still widely practiced. The traditional dance of the islands is the hula, a Hawaiian word that means dance.,专题六 新题预测,Hawaiis reputation for romance was spread when Hollywood started to use its typical music in movies in the 1960s. Today, Hawaii is famou

29、s for its mix of cultures. Chinese, Japanese and Filipinos all live there. Chinese arrived in the islands as early as the late 18th century. Dr Sun Yat sen, the famous Chinese revolutionary, grew up there.,专题六 新题预测,Everyone in Hawaii is a member of an ethnic minority (少数民族) and generally they exist in a pleasant harmony (和谐) of races and cultures.,【解析】本文是说明文。全文说明了夏威夷的形成以及自然与人文风情。,专题六 新题预测,()1.Which of the following directly led to the formation