新视野大学英语第二册

1、Unit One,Teaching Objectives,1. Enlarge vocabulary 2. Talk about time consciousness of Americans 3. Learn to read for main ideas 4. Learn to write about different approaches to something,Sections,Section A Time-conscious Americans Section B Culture Shock Section C Adjustment to a New Culture,Section

2、 A,Time-conscious Americans,Table of Contents,Background Information Warming-up Activities Text Analysis Vocabulary and Structure Vocabulary Test Writing,Background Information (1),1.Time Consciousness Most Americans place a strong emphasis on being on time.They tend to organize time by means of sch

3、edules. Time is highly valued and treated as something real in American Culture because it conveys different meanings to American people. In their eyes, “Time and tide wait for no man”and “Time lost is never regained”. As a result, they want every minute to be important and meaningful , and they fir

4、mly believe that no time should be wasted.,Background Information (2),Not surprisingly, the new comers to America find the Americans seem always in a hurry and do everything at a running pace. So what makes the new comers embarrassed is to have no opportunity to smile, converse or have a short excha

5、nge with strangers because the Americans regard such practices as a waste of time.,Background Information (3),2. Keeping Appointments and Dates It is considered impolite and extremely inconsiderate (考虑不周的) to fail to keep an appointment or date without giving prior notice to the other person. If you

6、 do not plan to meet the the person, then you should decline the invitation.,Background Information (4),Proverbs and Sayings about Time Time works wonders. 时间创造奇迹。 Time tries truth. 时间检验真理。 Time is the best healer. 时间是治愈创伤的良药。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。（时不我待。）,Background Information (5),S

7、orrow calls no time thats gone. 悲伤唤不回已逝的光阴。 One cannot put back the lock. 往者不可追。 Seize the present day, trusting tomorrow as little as may be. -Horace 抓住今天，尽可能少信赖明天。 -贺拉斯,Background Information (6),All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失，时不再来。 Never put off till tomorrow that you can do today. 今日事

8、，今日毕。 Idle forks have the least leisure. 懒散的人最没空。 Procrastination is the thief of time. 拖延就是偷盗时光。,Background Information (7),There is no other misfortune that could be compared with the loss time. 没有一种不幸可与失掉时间相比。 The value of a mans life increases with the fact that he knows how to make full use of

9、his time. 真正懂得充分利用时间的人， 他的人生价值也就随之递增。,Background Information (8),Time means life, time means speed, time means strength. 时间就是生命，时间就是速度， 时间就是力量。 Time cannot be lengthened by mans subjective will, but it can be shortened by his wasting it. 时间不因人们的主观意志而延长， 却可因其浪费而缩短。,Background Information (9),The time

10、 of the fool is long, because he does not know what to do with it; as is that of the wise, because he distinguishes every moment of it with useful or amusing thoughts. -Addison 蠢人的时间多，因为他不知道如何打发时间； 聪明人的时间多，因为他时时产生有益或有趣 的想法。 -爱迪生,Background Information (10),My interest is in the future because I am g

11、oing to spend the rest of life there. -Keltering 我只对未来感兴趣，因 为我将在未来渡过余生。 -凯尔特瑞,Warming-up Activities (1),Read the following statements. Are they true (T) or (F) according to the text? 1. Time and money are the two factors that Americans save carefully. 2. Americans treat time as something of real val

12、ue. 3. The tempo of life and work in the U.S. is rather slow. 4. It is common practice in America to talk business in relaxed surroundings.,F,T,F,F,Warming-up Activities (2),5. Americans produce a series of labor-saving devices in order to save time. 6.When Americans communicate through faxes, email

13、s and telephones, it does not necessarily mean that they regard the matter under discussion as unimportant. 7.New arrivals hold that the task is of little importance, if only a small amount of time is spent on it. 8.In the u.S., if you can solve a problem slowly, you will be considered a creative pe

14、rson.,T,T,F,T,Questions in the second, the main point is illustrated from several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the main point is given.,The author comes straight to the point: Americans attitudes towards time: Americans value time and save time carefully. Time is regarded a

15、s precious resources.,Illustrations of the general idea (Paras. 3-7),General idea of the whole passage (Paras. 1-2),Restatement and emphasis of the general idea (Paras. 8),Americans work hard at the task of saving time. They save time not only in their daily life, business but also in their work. Th

16、is is illustrated by the foreigners first impression of the U.S. Besides, Americans create a series of devices to save time.,By making contrast between Americans viewpoint on time and that of those from other cultures, the author emphasizes the main idea : In American culture, it is taken as a sign

17、of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed.,Text Analysis (3),Main idea?,Part I (Paras. 1-2),Americans value time and save time carefully. Time is regarded as precious resources.,Text Analysis (4),Main idea?,Part II (Paras. 3-7),Americans try every means to sav

18、e time. They save time in their daily life , business and work as well. They also create a series of devices to improve efficiency.,Text Analysis (5),Part III (Para. 8),While new arrivals to the U.S. regard time differently, Americans do take it as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve

19、a problem or fulfill a job with speed.,Main idea?,Text Analysis (6),Vocabulary and Structure,Budget (1),budget n. 预算，预算拨款；vi. 编预算，作安排；vt.规划，安排 搭配：budget for 为编预算，为 作安排 If we intend to become efficient learners, we are supposed to learn first to budget our time scientifically. 如果想要成为高效率的学习者，我们应该首先学会如

20、何科学地安排时间。,例句,The government has budgeted for two additional flyovers for the sake of relieving the traffic conditions in the city. 为了缓解城市交通状况，政府已经在预算中拨款加修两座立交桥。,Budget (2),例句,Acute (1),acute adj.严重的，激励的；敏锐的； （疾病）急性的 扩展：chronic adj. ; epidemic adj. ; infectious adj. When SARS (Severe Acute Respirator

21、y Syndrome) threatened the city of Beijing in the year 2002, the whole country collaborated in the efforts to fight against it and eventually won the battle. 2002年非典（严重急性呼吸系统综合症）威胁北京城时，全国上下齐心协力最终战胜了非典。,例句,Some animals have very acute sense of sight or sound, while others may have sharp sense of smel

22、l and touch. 许多动物有敏锐的视觉和听觉，还有一些动物嗅觉和触觉非常灵敏。,Acute (2),例句,replace (1),replace v. 取代，代替 扩展：近义词take the place of; displace; substitute 搭配：replace A with/by B (substitute B for A) 用B 代替A While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television will replace the newsp

23、aper completely. 虽然人们看电视获得最新消息，电视也不可能完全取代报纸。,例句,Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually replace paper money for almost every purchase. 信贷业的许多人士认为在未来几乎所有消费中信用卡将最终取代纸币。,replace (2),例句,abrupt,abrupt adj. 突然， 唐突的，粗鲁，无礼的 扩展：同根词bankrupt corrupt disrupt erupt interrupt The abru

24、pt and cryptic nature of the ending has puzzled and annoyed many readers. 结局的出乎不意和神秘性使许多读者困惑和烦恼。 The suggestion that he put forward in the meeting was rejected by the chairmen in the most abrupt manner. 他在会上提出的建议被主席极端粗暴地否决了。,例句,leisure,leisure n. 空闲时间，闲暇；悠闲，安逸 扩展：leisurely adj. ; 近义词 free time, spar

25、e time 搭配：at leisure 有空，闲暇时；从容不迫地，不慌不忙地 leisure time空闲时间，闲暇 I find reading detective novels/stories is a relaxing way to full my leisure time. 我发现阅读侦探小说、故事是我填补业余时间的一种放松的方式。 One of the students most popular leisure activities is surfing the Internet at a net bar. 学生最喜欢的一种休闲活动是泡网吧。,例句,assess,assess v.

26、 对 进行估价，确定的数额；评价，评论扩展：assessment n. ;assessor n.; 近义词 evaluate, estimate 搭配：assess at 估价某物值 It is still too early to assess the effects of the newly-issued law on traffic safety. 现在就评价新发布的交通安全法的效果还为时过早。 Our agent assessed the value of your house at $60,000. 我们的工作人员对您的房子的估价为60，000美元。,例句,Obtain(1),obt

27、ain vs. 获得，取得扩展：近义词 get gain; 同根词attain, contain, detain, entertain, maintain, retain, sustain 搭配：obtain permit获得许可证 obtain ones assent得到某人的同意 obtain good/excellent result取得优异成绩 With the widespread use of computers and the development of the Internet, ordinary people are now able to use them to obta

28、in valuable information. 普通人能运用它们去获取宝贵的信息。,例句,Obtain (2),When you have obtained a language degree, people assume that you can speak the language fluently. 当你获得一个语言学位时,人们就认为你能流利地说这种语言。 You must obtain a new automobile license when your old one expires. 当旧的驾照期满时，你必须领取新的。,例句,elapse,elapse vi.（时间）过去，经过。

29、 Time elapses so quickly that when you begin to realize you should cherish it, you are no longer young. 时间转瞬即逝，当你开始意识到你应该珍惜它时，你已经不再年青。 Too much golden/valuable time has elapsed since I attempted any serious study. 自从我企图想要严肃认真的学点什么到现在，太多宝贵的时间已经流逝了。,例句,competent,competent adj. 胜任的，有能力的，称职的扩展：competenc

30、e n; incompetent adj.; incompetence n. 搭配：be competent for 胜任某工作的 Competent citizens of the 21st century are supposed to have good command of English and computers. 21世纪称职的公民应该熟练掌握英语和计算机。 Four years of training in a normal university enables him to be competent for the job of teaching. 四年的师范大学的培训使他胜

31、任教学工作。,例句,whereas,whereas conj. but, in contrast, They want a house, whereas/while we would rather live in a flat. 他们想住一所房子, 可我们宁愿住在一套公寓房里。 Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none. 他们国家石油丰富, 而我们国家则一点也没有。,例句,account for,account for1) give a satisfactory explanation about (how st

32、h. is used)2) be the cause or origin of Jenny had to account to her husband for every penny she spent. 珍妮不得不向丈夫说明每一个便士是怎么花的。 The man charged with the crime couldnt account for the fact that the money was found in his house. 被告无法解释钱是在他家里找到的这个事实。,例句,given (that),given (that) prep. taking into account

33、Given Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。(Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. ) Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her. 看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。,例句,be worthy

34、of （1）,be worthy of : merit, deserve He is worthy of our praise/help. 他值得我们表扬/帮助。 Acts worthy of punishment. 应该受到惩罚的行为,例句,Compare,Compare: worth, worthy, worthwhile worth It is worth (doing) sth. worthy Sth. is worthy of + n. /being done / to be done worthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. The

35、matter is worth consideration/considering. The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered. It is worthwhile considering/to consider the matter. 这件事值得考虑。,be worthy of （2）,例句,to fall behind,to fall behind 1) become bit by bit further behind 2) (with) fail to finish at the proper tim Afri

36、ca falls far behind Europe in industry. 非洲的工业远远落后于欧洲。 The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall behind. 这个学生一直很努力, 惟恐落后。 Im falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up. 我工作拖下来了, 我得想办法赶上。,例句,to be slaves to,to be slaves to受支配 A man of strong will feels in control of his o

37、wn life while a man of weak will feels himself to be a slave to his fate. 意志坚强的人主宰自己的人生，而意志薄弱者甘愿受命运摆布。,例句,to race through,to race through:do sth. in a hurry As the time is running out, these students have to race through the rest of the questions on the test paper. 时间不够了，这些学生只好匆匆忙忙地做完卷子上剩下的题目。,例句,to

38、 take sth. personally,to take sth.personally 认为某事是针对某人的 When the teacher makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally. 当进行泛泛的批评时，不要对号入座。 You mustnt take her negative comments of your plan personally. 你不应该把她对你的计划的批评当作对你个人的攻击。,例句,at hand,at hand 1) under discussion or being considered

39、2) near in time or place Realizing that the end of his career is near at hand, he looked for some additional income. 意识到退休在即, 他寻找额外的收入。 Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. 手边有合适的设备可用将非常有帮助。,例句,go with,go with:exist or take place at the same time, be found together Happiness does

40、 not go as an automatic result with money. 有钱不一定就幸福。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. 当了父亲责任就随之而来。,例句,subject +predicate +object, much less,Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner. People in t

41、he desert are always short of water to drink, much less to bathe in. 沙漠地区的人们连喝的水也总是不够，更别提洗澡了。,例句,It is considered +adj.+to do sth. Sb. /Sth. is taken as 被认为是,It is considered impolite to work too quickly. It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem. 在公众场合大声打手机的人被看作是不礼

42、貌的。 It is considered_on the mobile phone in public places.,impolite to speak loudly,the + 形容词比较级，the + 形容词比较级 表示“越 , 越”,Usually , the more important a task is , the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving”. 他越想这件事就越生气。 _ he thought about it, _ he grew.,在

43、社会阶梯上爬得越高，他就越贪婪。,The higher he climbs the ladder of the society, the more greedy he is .,The more,the angrier,Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. 1. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have _ visio

44、n. A. vigorous B. exact C. acute D. vivid 2. A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should _ new operating procedures. A. result in B. match with C. subject to D. proceed with,C,A,Vocabulary Test (1),3. The government has devoted a larger slice

45、 of its national _ to agriculture than most other countries. A. resources B. potential C. budget D. economy 4. The _ of last weeks examination is not announced yet. A. result B. consequences C. effect D. conclusion,C,A,Vocabulary Test (2),5. They tried to _ hard plastics for metals in manufacturing

46、machine parts. A. replace B. substitute C. take the place of D. give way to 6. Using the right hand to shake hands is a(n) _. A. convention B. inheritance C. tradition D. habit,B,A,Vocabulary Test (3),7. Scientists study the _ between parents and their babies to better understand how infants learn.

47、A. interchange B. interrelation C. intercourse D. interaction 8. A nurse has many duties to _ in caring for the sick. A. achieve B. complete C. fulfill D. finish,D,C,Vocabulary Test (4),9. Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whe

48、ther or not to approve a loan. A. take into account B. account for C. make up for D. make out 10. A long-term study _ by the medical school shows that babies of smoking mothers will be less healthy than those of nonsmoking mothers. A. performed B. undergone C. managed D. conducted,A,D,Vocabulary Tes

49、t (5),Vocabulary Test (6),Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. result in account for go with in person adjust to commit to be worthy of pour into take personally race through 1. A sudden change in temperature will inevitably rain. 2.It took him two years

50、to life in the U.S. when he went there for further study 10 years ago.,result in,adjust to,Vocabulary Test (7),result in account for go with in person adjust to commit to be worthy of pour into take personally race through 3.It is the best policy to make a complaint about the item you buy to the sho

51、p manager if you want to solve the problem effectively. 4.Youd better buy a pair of shoes to your new dress, and then youll look smarter. 5.Girls 30% in this department.,in person,go with,account for,Vocabulary Test (8),result in account for go with in person adjust to commit to be worthy of pour in

52、to take personally race through 6. People of all walks of life have themselves the fight against SARS. 7. These doctors and nurses of our respect. 8. A great number of peasant workers big cities to look for jobs.,committed,to,are worthy,poured,into,Vocabulary Test (8),result in account for go with i

53、n person adjust to commit to be worthy of pour into take personally race through 9. You shouldt her negative comments of your plan . 10. The government the new law _ all its stages so as to complete it before the election.,take,personally,raced,through,Writing (1),UNITY IN THE PARAGRAPH An effective

54、 paragraph marshalls its sentences toward a single main purpose. Every part is relevant and serves the whole. The writer must omit the odd fact that happens to be true but that is irrelevant to the topic. Odd facts or misplaced assertions break the thread of concentration.,Learning to cook well requ

55、ires more than just knowing how to folIowa recipe. Cooking depends on a knowledge of ingredients, a sense of how different tastes combine, and an ability to imagine the effect of a range of combinations. Setting the table is more a matter of knowing what goes where, and which dishes and forks go wit

56、h which dishes. You would never use a fish fork for pasta or a soup spoon for custard. The first two are skills that can be learned. Imagination is, like most artistic gifts, inborn.,Writing (2),Writing (3),The sentence that begins Setting the table does not fit here; it redirects the readers attent

57、ion away from the enumeration of attributes that is the point of the paragraph. Even though the writer soon returns to the topic, the coherence has been compromised. Unable to trust the paragraph, we are distanced from the assertions. The clear signal has been marred by static.,Writing (4),We must r

58、emain alert to maintain unity of subject matter in our paragraphs because the associations in our thought, which can lead us to new ideas and perceptions, can also lead us into irrelevance. When we begin to write about a subject, our mind drifts from one thought to another, by personal association. As we have seen in Chapter 3, this random, uncensored thinking can be useful for gathering material. But we must take care that it not lead