数学专业英语翻译2-1

1、第二章 精读课文入门必修,Key points: useful terms and definitions of Mathematics, equation Difficult points: Some mathematical terms,Requirements:,1. 掌握所讲课文的生词和词组 2. 理解并掌握课外作业里面的汉译英 3. 理解所讲段落的翻译技巧与方法,New Words and 2x-y=10 is true for x=6 and y=2 and for many other pairs of values for x and y.,一个等式若仅仅对其中一个字母的某些值

2、成立，或对其中两个或者多个字母的若干组相关的值成立，则它是一个条件等式，简称方程。因此3x-5=7仅当x=4 时成立，而2x-y=0，当x=6,y=2时成立，且对x, y的其他许多对值也成立。,A root of an equation is any number or number symbol which satisfies the equation. To obtain the root or roots of an equation is called solving an equation.,方程的根是满足方程的任意数或者数的符号。求方程根的过程被称为解方程。,There are v

3、arious kinds of equations. They are linear equation, quadratic equation, etc.,方程有很多种，例如： 线性方程，二次方程等。,To solve an equation means to find the value of the unknown term. To do this , we must, of course, change the terms about until the unknown term stands alone on one side of the equation, thus making

4、it equal to something on the other side. We then obtain the value of the unknown and the answer to the question.,解方程意味着求未知项的值，为了求未知项的值，当然必须移项，直到未知项单独在方程的一边，令其等于方程的另一边，从而求得未知项的值，解决了问题。,To solve the equation, therefore, means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until

5、 only the unknown quantity is left on one side ,no matter which side.,因此解方程意味着进行一系列的移项和同解变形，直到未知量被单独留在方程的一边，无论那一边。,Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. We may notice that almost every problem gives us one or more statements that something is equal to s

6、omething, this gives us equations, with which we may work if we need to.,方程作用很大，可以用方程解决很多数学问题。注意到几乎每一个问题都给出一个或多个关于一个事情与另一个事情相等的陈述，这就给出了方程，利用该方程，如果我们需要的话，可以解方程。,回顾： 1. 方程不同于恒等式，它含有未知量，方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值 。 2. 解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。,1B Equation,被动语态的译法,一、翻译成汉语的主动句 1、英语原文中的主语在译文中仍

7、做主语 在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用“加以”, “经过”, “用来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。 例1. Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其他问题将简单地加以讨论。 例2. In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.

8、换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。,一、翻译成汉语的主动句 2、将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们，大家等)做主语。 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It i

9、s asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知) It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说,被动语态的译法,一、翻译成汉语的主动句 3、将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 而英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。 例如， And it is imagined by many that the operations of the

10、 common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。,被动语态的译法,一、翻译成汉语的主动句 4、翻译成汉语的无主句 例如： Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the s

11、trangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. 在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It will

12、 be seen from this that 由此可见,被动语态的译法,一、翻译成汉语的主动句 5、翻译成带表语的主动句 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。 例2. On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as th

13、e other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。,被动语态的译法,二、译成汉语的被动语态 英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为所”, “使”, “由”, “受到”等表示。 例1. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. 这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。