一般现在时语法总结

1、一般现在时,定义,一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态,1.表示现在的状态： e.g. Hes twelve. Shes at work. 2.表经常或习惯性的动作： e.g. I get up at 6:30 every day. He reads English every morning. 常用的状语：often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。 3.表主语具备的性格和能力等： e.g. She likes noodles. They speak French. 4.表示不受时间限制的普遍真理和

2、自然规律： e.g. Two and four is six. The moon goes around the earth.,具体用法,具体用法,1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 (时间状语： always, usually, every morning/night/evening/day/week/year, often, sometimes, seldom, once a month, on Sundays) e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. He gets up at six in the

3、morning.,2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 4. 表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。 e.g The train starts at 10 oclock in the morning. 火车将在早上10点开出。 We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开。 这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，

4、begin开始， arrive到达，take off起飞，等。,常用的时间状语,1.频度副词: sometimes(有时), often, always(总是), usually(通常), seldom, never(决不) twice a week,seldom,once a month, on Sundays,2. in the morning/afternoon/evening每周六 on Saturdays 每周日 on Sundays,3. every morning/night/evening/day/week/year, e.g. I leave home for school

5、at 7:00 everymorning. I get up at 6:30 every day. He reads English every morning.,4.一次once两次 twice 三次 three times 一周两次 twice a week 每周四次 four times a week,结构,结构1： 主语+be（ am /is/are ）+其它 陈述句： She is from America. 否定句： She is not from America. 一般疑问句：Is she from America? 肯定回答 ：Yes, she is . 否定回答 ：No, s

6、he isnt.,一般现在时含有be动词变疑问、否定句的口诀：要变一般疑问句，be动词提前很容易。否定句，很简单，not 在be 动词后面站。,结构,结构2：主语+行为动词+其它 陈述句结构：主语+行为动词+其它 (但是当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词+s/es/y改i加es) We go to school at 7:00. She studies English every day. 否定句结构：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其它 We dont go to school at 7:00. She doesnt study English every day. 疑问句结构：Do/

7、Does+主语+动词原形+其它 Does she go to school at 7:00? 肯定回答：Yes, she does. 否定回答：No, she doesnt.,一般现在时行为动词变疑问句口诀：一添、二改、三原、四问号。 即一添Do/Does,二大写改小写，三动词用原形，四句末加“？”,一般现在时变否定句口诀：若是没有be动词，do, does加not 要牢记。,1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ，第二人称 you第三人称 they谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示： 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他 否定句 主语+dont+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语

8、+动词原形+其他 例 1) We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。go 2) My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week. 我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。,2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。 肯定句: 主语+动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句: 主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 : Does+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答: Yes，主语+does 否定回答: No，主语+doesnt 特殊疑问句: 特殊

9、疑问词+一般疑问句,一般现在时,动词的第三人称单数形式(一般现在时第三人称单（he,she,it) ),1.一般情况 词尾加-s ： reads, writes 2.以ch,sh,s,x,结尾的词加-es： watches, washes, guesses, goes. 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es: cry-cries, study-studies,以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加es goes does. 特殊 is - are has - have,1、一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如： work-works, live-lives, play-plays,

10、 sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在宁波。 2、以/s/ /z/ 等音素结尾的动词，词尾加 -es ，如词尾为e， 只加-s. 读作 /iz /如： teach- teaches, wash- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。,行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单（he,she,it) 的构成规则：,动词变化规律,3.以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，把y变i在加es，读作Z,Study fly,studies,flies,4.以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加es 读作Z,go do,go

11、es,does,5.特殊情况：,have has,EX2 1.Tom often_( get ) up at six in the morning 2. The earth _( go) around the sun . 3.Marys parent _(live ) in Beijing . 4. She _ (draw) very well.,Ex1. 写出下列词的单三形式： look; go; give; fly; have,looks; goes; gives; flies; has,gets,goes,lives,draws,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词：what（什么）,when, wh

12、at time（什么时间）, who（谁）, where（在哪里）, why（为什么）, how（怎样）, how many+可数名词的复数（多少）， how long（多长时间）, how often（多久一次） which(哪一个）等,定义： 含有特殊疑问词的句子叫特殊疑问句,一般现在时变否定句口诀：若是没有be动词，do, does加not 要牢记。,一、疑问词+ 一般疑问句句序： Where are you from? Im from the north. What do you want? I want the books on your desk.,特殊疑问句的语序,二，与陈述句的

13、语序同： （疑问词作主语或修饰主语) Who gives you the present. Mr. Wang gives me the present. What is in the box? Which is mine? Whose book is on the desk?,一般现在时,Summary（小结） 一般现在时顺口溜第一、二人称和复数，动词原形不变换。 当主语是三单时，动词后加s(es)别忘怀。 要变一般疑问句，be动词提前很容易。 若是没有be动词，Do和Does开头要注意。 否定句，很简单，not 在be 动词后面站。 若是没有be动词，do, does加not 要牢记。,一般

14、现在时,Complete the passage.（用括号内词的适当形式填空） I _(be)a student. I _ (be) from China Mr Wei_ (be) my English teacher. He _(speak) English well and he _ (work) hard a lot. I_ (like) English very much. Lucy_(be) my friend. She _ (be) from America. She _ ( not speak) Chinese well. We _ (not like) football. We

15、 _(be) good friends.,am,am,is,speaks,works,like,is,is,doesnt speak,dont like,are,Tom goes to school every day by bike. 1.就Tom 提问 2.就goes to school提问 3.就by bike提问,Ex.请做练习。,1.Who goes to school every day by bike?,2.What does Tom do every day by bike ?,3.How does Tom go to school every day?,V 选择疑问句,选择疑

16、问句: (直接回答，与YES 和NO 无关） 1Does she work in a factory or in an office? 2Which do you like best, football, basketball or volleyball? Eg: Does she play football or basketball? A.Yes, she does B. she plays football. C. No, she doesnt,some、any,一般说来，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中 。,改疑问句或否定句时，原句里的some要改成any,Ther

17、e are some books on the desk. (改为否定句),There arent any books on the desk.,Are there any books on the desk?,Why not buy some apples? 为什么不买些苹果呢? Would you like some more apples? 你要不要再吃点苹果?,注意：在表示建议或希望得到肯定回答时， some可用于疑问句，不用变成any.,and or,变否定句时，and要变成or,There is some air and water on the moon ., There isn

18、t any air or water on the moon.,He has some brothers and sisters.,He doesnt have any brothers or sisters.,在否定句当中，too要改为either,I like eating apples, too.,I dont like eating apples, either.,三、仿造示例完成句子，用上but和and。,Module: Jack, ride a bike, ride a horse. Jack can ride a bike, but he cant ride a horse. J

19、ack can ride a bike and horse.,Betty, ride a bike, swim _ _,Betty can ride a bike, but he cant swim.,Betty can ride a bike and swim.,含be或情态动词一般疑问句的改写,秘诀：一调二改三问号一调：即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前；二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中的主语I my mine we our ours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you your yours等；三问号：句末的句号改为问号,第二家族：含行为动词（或称为实义动词）一般疑问句的改写,秘诀：一加二改

20、三问号一加：即在句首加助动词Do或Does；二改：1、把谓语动词改为原形； 2、改换主语称谓（同第一家组）；三问号：句末的句号改为问号。,对划线部分提问 3.Its Wednesday today. 4.His favourite sport is basketball. 5.My brother works in Shenzhen. 6.One of my classmates comes from Australia. 7.Lucy usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning.,What day is it today?,Whats his favouri

21、te sport?,Where does your brother work?,Where does one of your classmates come from?,When does Lucy get up in the morning?,I do my homework.(用He 改写),He does his homework.,She does her homework.(用we改写),We do our homework.,Tom does his homework.(用they 改写),They do their homewrk.,II 一般现在时的否定式,1.Be 动词的否定

22、式: be + not,I am a teacher. You are a worker She is a doctor We are friends.,Im not a teacher You arent a worker She isnt a doctor. We arent friends.,is not=isnt are not=arent,否定句,否定句型,1.谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动词can/may/must 等，在将助动词后加not. I am not at college. Mr. Wang isnt 50 years old. The Jacksons d

23、oesnt have two sons. You may not go now.,2.谓语动词是实义动词，是在谓语动词前加do not 或does not，谓语动词改用动词原型。 I dont have lunch at home. They dont play basketball on the sportsground. Mr.Jimmy doesnt know French.,Ex1. 将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式,I talk to Peter because I like him. Kate comes from America. Kate works with Peter I am

24、 Chinese, and I am a student. They know each other.,I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.,Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.,I am not Chinese, and I am not a student,They dont know each other.,疑问句型,1.对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must 等，将这些词移到主语前面。 Are you students？ Yes

25、, we are. / No, we arent. Is Jane in the classroom? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. Does the house have two rooms? Yes,it does / No, it doesnt. Is there any water in the glass? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I cant.,2.谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助动词do或does构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do用于第一人称和名

26、词复数，does用于第三人称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。 Do you know it？ Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Does she have a pen？ Yes, she does. / No, she hasnt.have 这里是实义动词 Do they play basketball after school? Yes, they do. / No, they dont.,概念：用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。,III一般疑问句,I am a teacher. You are a worker. He is a student. We are friends.,1.对于BE 动词，疑问句要求把BE 提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/WE），第一变成第二人称。,疑问句,Are you a teacher? Are you a worker? Is he a student? Are you friends?,2.对于实意动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she